• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops and straw: 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (Mixed browse, Oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., Oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hay and straw: 5 species(timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average $24{\pm}2.8$ kg). The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goat was observed like this: Quercus aliena, Querancas serrta Thunb and Mixed browse, which was a lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse and fallen leaves (33.1%) among trials roughage sources. Based on these results, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to the browser.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2023

Primary succession on bare rocks is a challenge for invaders, including one of which was plants. The invasion of bare rock by exotic species raises the question of whether their presence hinders or facilitates succession. This study aimed to determine the role of exotic species in primary succession in six overburden (OB) coal mines using a chronosequence approach. Vegetation analysis was undertaken using line transects. Measurements were carried out on the absolute and relative coverage of each species. Native and exotic species were identified and grouped using information from local communities, identification books, and websites. The relationship between time and number of species, time, and relative dominance of exotic and native species was analyzed using Pearson's correlation. Species number and dominance data were analyzed descriptively. The number of native species from the six OB heaps was higher (57) than that from exotic heaps (50). Neither the number of species nor the coverage showed a significant relationship with time. Exotic species predominated throughout the age of the embankment but tended to decrease over time. Temporary dominance by exotic species plays a role in assisting primary succession in the OB. This process might be prolonged without the temporary dominance of exotic species during early primary succession.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Objective : For the purpose of investigating the herbal resources of Dokdo island, this study was designed. Method : For the first time, we searched the native plants of Dokdo island from research data. And we examined herbological books on the plants of Dokdo island. Result : The native herbaceous plants in Dokdo island were 27 family and 73 species, and the medicinal plants were 49 species among them. The woody plants in Dokdo island were 12 family and 13 species, and the medicinal plants were 10 species among them. The main medicinal parts of medicinal plants were the whole body of herbs, roots, and seeds in order. The herbal medicines with cold or cool nature were 45 species, they took the top nature of the herbal medicines. According to the properties and principal action of native herbal medicines in Dokdo island, the major parts were classified into drugs for clearing away heat, eliminating toxin, activating blood flow and removing blood stasis, urination, removing heat from the blood and stopping of bleeding. The number of native herbal medicines with small toxicity in Dokdo island were 7 species. Conclusion : For the purpose of preserving the native plants of Dokdo island, we should recognize not only medical benefits but also matters that demand special attention.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-116
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• 2000

Different phenological patterns of leaf and fruit fall among native and non-native riparian species provide a spatially and temporally heterogeneous series of alternative food resources for detritivores. Relatively little is known about qualitative differences among these different riparian species. Rates of litter inputs, decomposition, and retention for different sources of riparian litter require long-term documentation. Species of freshwater shrimps, crabs. insects. and gastropods are known to consume a wide range of litter inputs but how these dynamic food webs function under changing climatic and land-use conditions is unknown, especially in tropical streams. On-going studies in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Puerto Rico provide an example of how inputs of fronds and fruits from palms (Prestoea montana) serve as important foods and microhabitat for species of freshwater crabs and shrimp. Native riparian species such as Prestoea montana are commonly distributed in the Luquillo Mountains especially along steep slopes and stream banks. After tropical storms with high winds, the large fronds from these native riparian trees provide important inputs of leaf litter to the stream food web. In some streams, the input of ripe fruit from non-native trees such as Java plum (Syzigium jambos) also provides a major source of detrital food resources, especially during periods when fruit fall from native species of palms may be limited.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2001

To access the feeding value of the herbage produced from the wildflower pasture, DM intake, digestibility and utilization of nitrogen and energy of herbages by Korean native goats were determined. The experimental herbage included two treatments: Conventional pasture(forage 6 species), wildflower pasture(turf grass 6 species + native wildflower 11 species + introduced wildflower 9 species). The voluntary DM intake of Korean native goats fed with herbages harvested from conventional pasture was higher than that from wildflower pasture(p<0.05). The digestibility of DM, NDF and ADF from conventional pasture was slightly higher than that of wildflower pasture, but no significant difference was observed(p>0.05). The utilization of nitrogen and energy by Korean native goats did not show any difference(pz0.05). In conclusion, the utilization of nitrogen and energy by Korean native goats did not show any significant difference. Thus, possibility of utilizing herbages from wildflower pasture for livestock was to be some extent expected. (Key words : Wildflower pasture, Digestibility, Nitrogen utilization, Energy utilization, Korean native goat)

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2018

Preliminary investigation and analysis of the effectiveness of controlling the number of ecosystem disturbance fishes residing in Togyo reservoir using the native carnivorous fish species were performed. The data were collected from August 2011 to November 2016. The release of native carnivorous fish species was carried out from the end of May, 2012 to the end of July, 2016, considering fishing ban period of Siniperca scherzeri. The comparative abundance of Lepomis macrochirus was found to be 12.8% in the first year and increased a little bit after releasing the native carnivorous fish. However, it decreased to 3.9% in the last year showing a value of less than 5%. On the other hand, the Micropterus salmoides populations tended to increase after the release of native carnivorous fish species. This seems to be the result of the segregation of habitat by interspecific competition with S. scherzeri. The M. salmoides moved from inside of the lake to edges, and to influent tributaries. Stable isotope analysis showed that Channa argus had the highest levels of nutrition, S. scherzeri and M. salmoides were in competition, and L. macrochirus was used as a feed source for released species. Changes of the fish community in the Togyo reservoir was represented by the rank abundance curves based on the results of the fish fauna. As a result, the fish group in incoming tributaries are somewhat disturbed after the release of the native carnivorous species. Similarly, the fish group in the reservoir were disturbed as well but it's gradually stabilizing afterwards. Therefore, the control of the ecosystem disturbance species using the native carnivorous fish of Korea is effective and helps to stabilize the fish community in the lake.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2020

The development of transportation and the expansion of the pet market has become the main causes of the increase in the cross-border migration of non-native species. Moreover, recent sales over the Internet were a factor that has promoted pet trades. While the import of non-native species has been steadily increasing in the Republic of Korea, it is not clear how these imported species are traded and how large the trade is. Considering that most of the non-native species found in the wild are the results of release by humans understanding the present situation of pet trades can identify potential non-native species that can enter the wild. This study surveyed the number of species, frequency, and prices of non-native amphibians and reptiles sold in 25 online pet shops from January 22 to February 10, 2019. The results of the survey showed that a total of 677 species of non-native amphibians and reptiles were sold, and the Squamata group accounted for the largest part of them at 65.4% (443 species). The number of non-native amphibians and reptiles sold in online pet shops in 2019 was 2.1 times larger than the 325 species officially imported in 2015. The non-native amphibians and reptiles sold in most pet shops were Litoria caerulea (21 shops) and Correlophus ciliatus (24 shops). The lowest price for non-native amphibians and reptiles was 3,000 won, and the highest price was 100 million won for Rhacodactylus leachianus of Squamata. Among the non-native amphibians and reptiles sold in online pet shops, 11 species were found in the wild and were sold at relatively low prices. We confirmed that Mauremys reevesii, an endangered species class II and natural monument no. 453, and American bullfrogs (albino), an ecosystem disturbing species, were being sold in online pet shops. Moreover, 21.6% of the 677 non-native amphibians and reptiles sold in online pet shops were species designated as CITES. The results of this study can be the important reference data for understanding the status of non-native amphibians and reptiles that are imported and sold in Korea and evaluating and predicting the potential for them to enter the wild.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2008

The problems caused by new biological organisms in Ogasawara Island of Japan include : (1) loss of native species' habitats and extinction of native species due to the multiplication of invasive species; (2) reduction of native species and confusion in the food chain in result of invasive species' predation; (3) confusion in genes due to hybridization of new and native plants; and (4) destruction of ecosystem and erosion of earth due to rapid increase of invasive species. The natural ecosystem of preserved areas in Korea is constantly confused and destroyed by new animals and plants, but Korea does not has any solutions because new animals and plants rarely affect human lives. Invasive species are manually introduced by humans and are considered disasters caused by humans. Korea is in desperate need of campaigns as the general public does not understand the seriousness of the destruction and confusion of natural ecosystem caused by new biological organisms and their indirect/direct influences on humans. It is necessary to evaluate the biological characteristics, ecological influence, and harms of invasive species in preserved areas to establish a system to manage invasive species and plan the priority removal of species that are highly harmful and locally distributed. Manual removal and suppression of new biological organisms that cause problems is effective, but it takes cost, effort, and time. Therefore, we would need to research and develop the most efficient and effective techniques and measures to manage invasive species in our ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.493-499
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• 2010

To obtain the basic data for the conservation and cultivation of major native herb species under the trees, distribution of native herb species, and corrrlations between native herb species and site factors were studied on natural broadleaved forest in Mt. Gariwang and Mt. Jungwang, Pyeunchang-gun. 136 native herb species were distributed in studied area, and the importance percentage of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was proved the highest, 10.8%. The other major herb species were the following oders, Meehania urticifolia, Corydalis remota, Pimpinella brachycarpa, Carex siderosticta, Pseudostellaria palibiniana, Erythronium japonicum, Ligularia fischeri, Asarum heterotropoides var. mandshuricum, Hylomecon vernalis and Astilbe rubra var. rubra. Highly positive correlations were proved Hepatica asiatica and Ainsliaea acerifolia, Pimpinella brachycarpa and Aconitum jaluense subsp. jaluense, Aconitum jaluense subsp. jaluense and Smilacina japonica var. japonica, Meehania urticifolia and Pseudostellaria palibiniana. Seven groups of native herb species were divided by cluster analysis. Preferring site factors for each native herb species were determined. Ligularia fischeri, Ainsliaea acerifolia, Parasenecio auriculata var. matsumurana, Erythronium japonicum and Pimpinella brachycarpa were distributed mainly on the higher sites, Ligularia fischeri were ditributed more frequently in deep soil sites. These results might be useful measures in the conservation and cultivation of native edible and medicinal herb species on the forest floor in the natual broadleaved forest, Pyeungchang-gun.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2021

Centella asiatica (CA) is a vegetable that has been used for medicinal purposes for a long time, but it is not well known in Korea. In this study, the approximate analysis, physicochemical properties, free sugars, free amino acids and minerals of native and improved CA cultivated in Chungju area were measured. And the antioxidant contents and activities of CA solvent extracts were measured. There was no significant difference between native and improved species. As for the characteristics of CA, it was confirmed that the improved species had a large weight, size and a tough texture. Glucose was detected in native CA, fructose, glucose and sucrose were detected in improved species. A total of 15 free amino acids were detected and the content was slightly higher in improved species than in native species. The mineral content in CA was slightly higher in the improved species, and the detected minerals were Na, P, Ca, K, Mg and Fe. Polyphenols, ascorbic acid and flavonoids in each extraction solvent (water, 70% and 100% ethanol) were all higher in the improved species than in native species. And it was found that the antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts were higher than that of water.