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A Study of Fire(火)Prior to the Emergence of the Theory of Ministerial Fire(相火論) of JuDan-Gae(朱丹溪) (주단계(朱丹溪)의 상화론(相火論)이 나오기 이전까지의 화(火)에 대한 고찰)

  • Yoon, Young-Heum;Yun, Chang-Yeol
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.77-87
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    • 2014
  • Objective : The writer has come to see that a study of the Theory of Ministerial Fire of JuDanGae presupposes a study of earlier theories of fire. Therefore, I have analyzed and studied the theories of fire presented by medical doctors since "Nae Gyeong(黃帝內經)" Method : To begin with, I have studied the concepts of grand fire(壯火) and small fire(少火), imperial fire(君火) and ministerial fire(相火) in "Nae Gyeong", and have construed the meaning of human fire(人火) and dragon fire(龍火) by Wang Bing(王冰), and fatty fire(膏火) by Sohn Sa-mak(孫思邈). Next, I have studied true fire(眞火) by Huh Sook-mi(許叔微) and true yang(眞陽) and pit fire(坎火) by Eom Yong-hwa(嚴用和), Theory on Right Kidney as the Gate of Life and Ministeiral Fire(右腎命門相火說) by Yu Wan-so(劉完素), and the reason why Jang Wan-so(張元素) asserted Theory of Three Burners as Ministerial Fire(三焦相火說). Result : I have understood the influence that the concepts of grand fire and small fire, imperial fire and ministerial fire in "Nae Gyeong"have exercised on the later medical doctors, and have also understood the physiological and pathological Fire that influences the human body. Moreover, I have seen that Fire, as discussed by scholars from Huh Sook-mi and Eom Yong-hwa to Yu Wan-so and Jang Wan-so, made great contribution to the later development of Theory of the Gate of Life, getting its entire picture in Eum Hwa. Conclusion : Seeing that the theories of Fire presented by medical doctors since "Nae Gyeong" and prior to JuDan-Gae had great influence on the later development of Theory of the Gate of Life, I have come to understand that along with Eum Hwa by Lee Dong-wan, they must precede a study of the Theory of Ministerial Fire of JuDan-Gae.

A Structural Analysis of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Points in the NaeGyeong Chapter of DongUiBoGam Using Text Mining (텍스트마이닝을 이용한 동의보감의 질병인식방식과 내경편 침구법 경혈 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Taehyung;Jung, Won-Mo;Lee, In-Seon;Lee, Hyejung;Kim, Namil;Chae, Younbyoung
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.230-242
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : DongUiBoGam is a representative medical literature in Korea. This research intends to structurally grasp how DongUiBoGam understands the human body and review the methods of acupuncture and moxibustion in the NaeGyeong chapter of it using text mining. Methods : The structure of DongUiBoGam was analyzed with specific parts of the book that described contents, major premises of understanding the human body, and processes of treatment. We analyzed characteristics of each acupoints in a relationship with causes of diseases & symptoms in the NaeGyeong chapter using a Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency(TFIDF). Results : Three different categories of pattern identification(PI) were formed after structural analysis of DongUiBoGam. Every causes of diseases & symptoms were transformed according to the three categories of PI. After analyzing the relationship between acupoints and causes of diseases & symptoms, 114 acupoints were visualized with TFIDF values of three PI categories. Conclusions : The selection of acupoints in NaeGyeong chapter of DongUiBoGam were linked to causes of diseases & symptoms based on the three PI categories. Through visualization of bipartite relationships between acupoints and causes of diseases & symptoms, we could easily understand characteristics of each acupoint.

중경(仲景) ${\ll}$상한론(傷寒論)${\gg}$의 육경실질(六經實質)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

  • Jeong, Chang-Hyeon;Park, Chan-Guk
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.7
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    • pp.232-268
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    • 1994
  • According as we look around a notion of LM-YANG(陰陽) in NAE-KYUNG(內徑) or ancient for example the Book of Changes(周易), we will find that the principle of UM-YANG of philosophy in ancient china was applied medical science by NAE-KYUNG, and Chung-Kyung(仲景) connected principle of UM-YANG in NAE-KYUNG to demonstration and medical treatment(辨證施治) of SANG-HAN disease(傷寒病). According as we look around 3UM-3YANG(三陰三陽) in NAE-KYUNG and various theories of another scholar connected 3UM-3YANG of SANG-HAN-RON(傷寒論), we can know that the whole of SANG-HAN-YUK-KYUNG(傷寒六經) cannot explain by a some conception, we cannot understand precisely rear meaning of SANG-HAN-YUK-KYUNG until theories-JANG-BU(臟腑), GYUNG-RAK(經絡), GI-HWA(氣化), a reigon, a layer, and so on-are studied totally. Therefore 3UM-3YANG of SANG-HAN-RON(傷寒論) is basically the thing of specialization UM-YANG, eventually UM-YANG are two functional characteristics in human body. It is specialized to 3UM-3YANG by spatial and time criteria. When we consider a question in its aspect, YUK-KYUNG is synthetic six classifications of human body's functional system that include(3UM-3YANG)GYUNG-RAK, related JANG-BU, distributional area of GYUNG-RAK, vicissitude of UM-YANG, more or less of GEE-HYUL(氣血), function of GAE-HAB-CHUL(開闔樞), and the like; and disease of YUK-KYUNG of SANG-HAN-RON are the very six types of disease that appeared by dint of mal function of each synthetic functional system.

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A Study on the Effect of Acupuncture on Anesthesia and the Mode of Action (The Second Report) (자침(刺鍼)이 마취(痲醉)에 미치는 작용기전(作用機轉) 연구(硏究) (제(第) 2 보(報)))

  • Park, Hee-soo;Park, Kyoung-sik
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.140-151
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried to identify whether acupuncture at several meridian points can affect the human anesthesia or not through the analysis of serum intermediates, such as, melatonin, serotonin, TSH, cortisol in human serum. We investigated the effect of accupuncture on the change of serum intermediates which have frequently been made a subject of discussion owing to its hyponic and sedative properties in practice. The result obtained were as follow ; 1. Serum melatonin levels was hardly affected at 40 minutes after general acupuncture on Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan, and the other meridian points as compared with that($5.64{\pm}1.02pg/ml$) of resting control group. But on day 1 after acupuncture, these tend to increase significantly ($7.95{\pm}2.05pg/ml$ to $8.21{\pm}1.57pg/ml$, p <0.05). On the other hand, control group under sleep showed the serum level of $7.39{\pm}1.03pg/ml$. Additional acupuncture at In-Dang induced the increased melatonin level, especially at 40minutes after acupuncture(p <0.05). 2. Serotonin level in resting control serum recorded $51.14{\pm}8.17{\mu}g/ml$. Acupuncture at determined meridian point intend to increase average level of serotonin, but not significant. However observation on day 1 after acupuncture at Hab-Gwan meridian point and under sleeping showed the significantly increased serotonin level, $74.05{\pm}35.83{\mu}g/ml$, $70.44{\pm}13.08{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. 3. TSH level in intact human serum recorded $0.85{\pm}0.24{\mu}IU/ml$. and the serum exposed to acupuncture showed the irregular pattern of TSH level in a mean range of $0.76{\pm}0.44{\mu}IU/ml$ to $1.06{\pm}0.38{\mu}IU/ml$, regardless of meridian point or time after acupuncture. 4. The values of serum cortisol in control group were $11.76{\pm}2.06{\mu}g/dl$ in resting, $7.51{\pm}2.85{\mu}/dl$ under sleep, respectively. The level of serum cortisol in 40minutes after acupuncture was markedly (p <0.05) reduced to the serum levels of $5.65{\pm}2.58{\mu}g/dl$ (Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan), $7.58{\pm}3.21{\mu}g/dl$ (Gyo-Gam, Sin-Mun besides Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan), $6.43{\pm}3.54{\mu}g/dl$ (In-Dang besides to Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan), respectively, as compared with control, intending to increase a little on day 1 after acupuncture. From the above results, the analysis of serum intermediates suggest that acupunctuation at meridian points applied to at this study act upon the phase of light anaesthesia or hypnosis, at the same time affect pituitary-adrenal axis rather than hypothalamus-pituitary axis in the secretary system of hormone and also don't affect dorsal-raphe nucleus according to the observation of change transition in serum intermediates, such as TSH, serotonin, and cortisol.

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A Study on the Reliability and Factor analysis of Pattern Identification for Tic Disorders in children (틱(Tic) 장애의 한의변증유형 설문지에 대한 신뢰도 및 요인분석 연구)

  • Wei, Young-Man;Lee, Go-Eun;Jung, Song-Hwa;Lee, Hee-Kyung;Lyu, Yeoung-Su;Kang, Hyung-Won
    • Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.59-82
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    • 2012
  • Objectives : We purposed to objectify the pattern diagnosis of Tic disorders through factor and reliability analysis regarding a pattern identification questionnaire concerning Tic disorders in children. Methods : We chose and studied 144 children who were pattern-diagnosed out of 200 tic disordered children who visited H hospital in Seoul from January 2006 to April 2011. Results : 1. TTD (50%) was the most common type and the occurrence rate in male children was higher(4.76:1). Also, the rate of hospital visits was highest at the age 8(23.6%). 2. In results concering pattern diagnosis, Gan-poong-nae-dong was most frequently diagnosed in 53 patients (36.8%), and Dam-hwa-yo-sin (42 patients), Gan-sin-um-her (30 patients), and Bee-her-gan-wang (6 patients). 3. In an attempt to verify the reliability of the questionnaire, the coefficient regarding the whole questions (Cronbach ${\alpha}$) came to 0.909. Moreover, the reliability coefficient foreach sub factor was 0.687 in Ganpoong-nae-dong, 0.817 in Dam-hwa-yo-sin, 0.851 in Bee-her-gan-wang, and 0.726 in Gan-sin-um-her, respectively. Thus, their consistency was ensured. 4. In exploratory factor analysis concerning the most common five questions in the questionnaire, the questions of Dam-hwa-yo-sin and Gan-poong-nae-dong appeared to be part of different factors. While, Gan-sin-um-her and Bee-her-gan-wang questions showed that they belong to the same factors. 5. In factor analysis excluding both Gan-sin-um-her and Bee-her-gan-wang questions, both showed significant results; however, the one excluding Gan-sin-um-her showed improved results. Conclusions : From the above results concerning the Pattern Identification Questionnaire for Tic Disordered children, three separated patterns of Bee-her-gan-wang, Dam-hwa-yo-sin, Gan-poong-nae-dong are thought to be available for clinical use. However, further validity studies are needed.