• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1999

Studies were conducted during 2 months from May of 1997 to evaluate the effects of pig manure compost(PMC) on soil microbial flora. To do so, a field experiment of Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L.) was conducted in a randomized block design on a sandy loam soil and microbial floral characteristics in soils were analyzed. Treatments to control included the application of PMC at (A) $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$CM-8), (B) $29Mg\;ha^{-1}$(CM-2,9), and (C) $57Mg\;ha^{-1}$(CM-57), and of chemical fertilizer(D) at $320N-80P_2O_5-200K_2O\;kg\;ha^{-1}$(NPK). In each treatment, the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were tested for the analysis of microbial populations. The populations of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi increased in soils with the applications of PMC and chemical fertilizer, but that of Bacillus sp. decreased. However, the population of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. was reduced in NPK plots only. With increasing application rates of PMC, the number of colony forming units(cfu) of bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. and actinomycetes) and fungi increased. in all PMC-treated plots, the population density peaked at early growth stage for bacteria(including Bacillus sp.), at late growth for fluorscent Pseudomonas sp., and at harvest for fungi and actinomycetes. The rhizosphere effect was greatest for fluorscent Pseudomonas sp. As the application rates of PMC increased, Total N, organic matter, available phosphate, and exchangeable -K, -Ca, and -Mg increased compared to control, but soil pH was lowered. In NPK plots, EC was 3.4-fold and exchangeable K was 5-fold higher than control.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.483-488
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• 2007

Current feeder system (CFS) for Korea superconducting tokamak advanced research(KSTAR) project plays a role to interconnect magnet power supply (MPS) and superconducting (SC) magnets through the normal bus-bar at the room temperature(300 K) environment and the SC bus-line at the low temperature (4.5 K) environment. It is divided by two systems, i.e., toroidal field system which operates at 35 kA DC currents and poloidal field system wherein 20$\sim$26 kA pulsed currents are applied during 350 s transient time. Aside from the vacuum system of main cryostat, an independent vacuum system was constructed for the CFS in which a roughing system is consisted by a rotary and a mechanical booster pump and a high vacuum system is developed by four cryo-pumps with one dry pump as a backing pump. A self interlock and its control system, and a supervisory interlock and its control system are also established for the operational reliability as well. The entire CFS was completely tested including the reliability of local/supervisory control/interlock, helium gas leakage, vacuum pressure, and so on.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.295-303
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• 2005

The Korean laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group made a survey of laparoscopic gastric surgeries which were performed in Korea during 2004. Thirty-eight surgeons from 36 Institutions responded to the questionnaires. One thousand eighty-nine laparoscopic gastric operations were performed during 2004. The cumulative number from 1995 to 2004 was about 2,386. Seven hundred fifty-four operations for a gastric adenocarcinoma were performed during 2004 which is almost two times the number performed during 2003. Laparoscopic radical procedures, such as a laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy (LADG and LATG) have increased rapidly since 2001 (55 cases in 2001, 150 cases in 2002, 364 cases in 2003 and 738 cases in 2004). Especially, laparoscopic total gastrectomies were explosively adopted last year (20 cases in 2003 and 112 cases in 2004). However, laparoscopic function-preserving gastrectomies, which included one laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy and laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy, are rarely performed at this time. One hundred forty-two wedge resections for a gastric submucosal tumor were performed during 2004. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) was performed in 39 cases in 2001, 55 in 2002, and 49 in 2003; however, only 5 such surgeries were performed during 2004. In 2003, laparoscopic bariatric surgery began, and during 2004, 49 operations were performed. In terms of indications of laparoscopic gastric surgery for adenocarcinoma, 19 surgeons performed a LADG only for a T1 lesion, and 7 surgeons extended their indications to T2N0 lesions. In the near future, laparoscopic procedures for gastric cancer will be widely adopted in Korea if the medical-insurance obstacle is overcome, and the long-term survival results are verified.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2005

Morphometric changes in testicular Sertoli and Leydig cells from hatching to adulthood were studied using Korean native chickens of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 28, 32, 44, 52 and 64 weeks (n=13 chickens per group) of age. The objective of this study was to understand the developmental phase of the Sertoli and Leydig cells with age. Testis of chickens was fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing $2.5\%$ glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using 1 Um sections stained with methylene blue-azure II, qualitative and quantitative (stereological) morphological studies were performed. The average volume of a testis of 1 week old Korean native chickens was determined as $0.148\;cm^3$ and the parameter increased linearly from 1 week to 21 weeks days $(28.86\;cm^3)$, and did not change from 21 weeks to 64 weeks. The volume density of the seminiferous tubules increased with age from $32.6\%$ at week 1 to $92.89\%$ at week 64. The volume density of the interstitium represents $67.4\%$ of the testicular parenchyma at week 1. This proportion progressively diminished during development to reach a value of $7.11\%$ at week 64. The volume density of the Leydig cells decreased almost linearly from 1 week $(4.9\%)$ to 14 weeks $(1.7\%)$ and remained unchanged thereafter. In contrast, the Sertoli cells occupied a volume density of $3.4\%$ at week 1, increased progressively up to 18 weeks of age $(10.79\%)$ and remained unchanged thereafter. The absolute volume of the Leydig and Sertoli cells per testis increased significantly from week 1 to week 21 but did not change significantly from week 24 to week 64. The number of Leydig cells per testis increased almost linearly from 1 week to 21 weeks, remained high and unchanged with advancing age. The number of Sertoli cells per testis increased gradually with age from 1 week to 14 weeks and remained unchanged thereafter.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2005

Changes in serum estradiol, insulin-like growth factor-1, leuteinizing and testosterone levels, and leuteinizing hormone-stimulated testosterone production per testis in vitro from hatching to adulthood were studied in Korean native chickens of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 28, 32, 44, 52 and 64 weeks (n=13 chickens per group) of age. The changes in the profiles of the levels in the incubation medium of luteinizing hormone-stimulated (100 ng/mL) testosterone secretion per testis in vitro, and the serum LH, testosterone, estradiol, and insulin-like growth factor-I were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum estradiol levels were not significantly different at week 4 compared to that of 8, 12, 16, 21, 32, :md 44. Significant decreases were observed at weeks 52 and 64. Serum leuteinizing hormone concentrations were not significantly different from 1 week to 12 weeks, increased gradually up to 32 weeks of age, and declined significantly thereafter; the highest value was at 32 weeks, and the lowest value was detected at 2 weeks of age. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations increased significantly from 1 week to 16 weeks, remained low and unchanged with advancing age. Serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different at week 1 compared weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8. Significant increases were observed from 10 weeks to 32 weeks of age. Values at weeks 24, 28 and 32 and at weeks 32, 44, 52, and 64 were not significantly different. The highest value was at weeks 28 and the lowest value was detected at weeks 1 week. LH-stimulated testosterone production per testis in vitro increased gradually with age from 1 to 32 weeks and decreased significantly from 44 weeks to 64 weeks of age.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2009

The pig slurry is one of important fertilizer source for production of crops in recent years, but it has many controversial points of utilization such as offensive odor, lack of spread equipment and farmland possession, respectively. This study was carried out in order to remove water pollutants and malodor of pig slurry using biofiltration system. The biofiltration system consists of pig slurry separator, mixing shift and attached blade for sawdust or ricehull, air injection nozzle and outlet for pig slurry and sawdust or ricehull. The characteristics pH, $BOD_5$ (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), $COD_{Mn}$ (Chemical Oxygen Demand), SS (Suspended Solid), T-N (Total Nitrogen), T-P (Total Phosphorus) of the untreated pig slurry used in this study were 7.2, 34,450, 24,604, 71,000, 4,194, $1,631\;ml/{\ell}$, respectively. The $NH_3$ (Ammonia) and $H_2S$(Hydrogen Sulfide) concentration were 70.0, 9.6 ppm, respectively. The initial total microorganisms of pig slurry were $5.0{\times}10^3\;cfu/ml$, and Salmonella, Bacillus were $5.8{\times}10^2$, $1.1{\times}10^3\;cfu/ml$, respectively. The filtration system was very effective on removal of water pollutants of pig slurry. The removal efficiency of the offensive odor of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in sawdust was higher than those of ricehull. The total microorganisms and bacillus of pig slurry are on the increase by sawdust and ricehull, but Salmonella showed a tendency to decrease in number after that time. Accordingly, the filtration system was very effective to produce a good quality pig slurry.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.871-880
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the socio-demographic factors and the Korean consumers’ palatability evaluation and to collect the sensory information for development of prediction palatability model of Hanwoo beef. Ten cuts〔Abjin (short plate), Bosup (top sirloin), Cheggt (striploin), Dngsim (loin), Guri (chuck tender), Hongduke (eye of round), Moksim (chuck roll), Sulgit (bottom round), Udoon (top round), Yangi (brisket)〕 were separated from 10 Hanwoo bulls beef(～24 months old) and prepared with the same manner for 3 different cooking methods such as boiling, grilling and roasting. The cooked beef samples were served to 650 consumers recruited from Seoul, Joongbu, Honam and Youngnam locations and evaluated tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall acceptability. The living location, age, gender, occupation, eating habit and cut were significantly related with the sensory properties when bull beef were cooked as boiled cooking(p<0.05). In grill cooking, only occupation, income and cut had the significant effect on the overall acceptability of Hanwoo bull beef(p<0.01). When bull beef were cooked as Korean traditional roast cooking, consumer’s sensory properties were significantly different by the living location, age, occupation, income, eating habit of consumers and cut(p<0.05). Also, results from the principal component analysis showed that palatability scores of Korean consumers were decided with different contribution scores of tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall acceptability of cut depending on cooking methods. In conclusion, Korean consumers’ palatability for Hanwoo bull beef were related with the socio-demographic factors and the sensory results were different by cut and cooking methods.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 1999

Background : Airway infiltration by inflammatory cells, particularly of eosinophils, is one of the characteristic features of asthma. Several mechanisms for the recruitment of eosinophil is focused on the CD4+ T lymphocyte for the preferential production of Th2-c1erived cytokines. Interleukin-10(IL-10) is identified cytokine with potent antiinflammatory activity. This molecule has been shown to inhibit the release of cytokine from inflammatory cells including Th2 cell, and also to inhibit eosinophil survival. We therefore attempted to determine whether decreased synthesis of IL-10 in the lung of bronchial asthma may contribute to inflammation that is characteristics of this dease. Method: Subjects were patients with bronchial asthma(n=23) and normal controls(n=11). IL-10 produced from peripheral mononuclear cell(PBMC) and in bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid was measured by ELISA method. Degree of bronchial inflammation was assessed by total cell counts and eosinophil percents in BAL fluid, eosinophil infiltration on bronchial biopsy tissue and $PC_{20}$ for methacholine. Results: The IL-10 level produced by PBMC and in BAL fluid from patient with bronchial asthma were not different with normal controls(respectively, $901.6\pm220.4$ pg/ml, $810.9\pm290.8$ pg/ml for PBMC, $24.5\pm9.5$ pg/mL $30.5\pm13.5$ pg/ml for BAL fluid p>0.05). There were significant negative correlation between IL-10 in BAL fluid and eosinophil percents in BAL fluid or degree of eosinophil infiltration in bronchial biopsy (respectively r=-0.522, r=-0.4486 p<0.05). However there was no difference of IL-10 level according to $PC_{20}$ for methacholine. There were no correlation between IL-10 production by PBMC and peripheral blood eosinophil counts or serum eosinophilic cationic protein levels(respectively r=0.1146, r=0.0769 p>0.05). Conclusion: These observation suggest that IL-10 may participate but not acts the crucial role in regulation of the airway inflammation in bronchial asthma.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.307-312
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• 1984

The dried pure shells deprived of soft tissues were subjected to analysis of chitin-protein complexes from 5 species of marine crustaceans, including 2 species of crabs and 3 species of shrimps. The protein fractions were obtained from chitin-protein complexes under the varying conditions of extractions and the crude chitin was prepared from the shells by the sulfurous acid process. The crude chitin was purified through the extraction with several organic solvents such as dimethyl-acetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone. The purified chitin was also examined using the phase contrast microscope. Total protein contents of the shells were diverse, showing 9.6% for Portunus trituberculatus, 3.1%, Charybdis bimaculata, 9.4%, Penaeus japonicus, 10.9%, Metapenaeus intermedius and 5.8%, Squilla oratoria. Covalently bound protein varied with species from 2.1% for Charybdis bimaculata to 9.9% for Metapenaeus intermedius. The puified chitin contents of the shells were shown to 21.1% for Portunus tritube rculatus, 6.2%, Charybdis bimaculata, 20.2%, Penaeus japonicus, 27.1%, Metapenaeus intermedius and 25.5%, Squilla oratoria. Exceptionally low analytical value obtained with Charybdis bimaculata are supposed to be due to the very young subjects. The ratios of chitin to covalently bound protein in the shells were various such as 2.7 to 1 for Portunus trituberculatus, Penaeus japonicus and Metapenaeus intermedius, 3.1 to 1, Charybdis bimaculata and 6.1 to 1, Squilla oratoria. The microscope finding of the purified chitin showed the filamentous form in all the specimen.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.10-10
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• 1981

The thyroglossal duct cyst is relatively rare disease that derived congenitally from the remnant of thyroglossal duct and that was found anywhere from the foramen cecum to pyramidal lobe of thyroid. We studied the 62 cases of above disease who admitted and operated at E.N.T. dept. of N.M.C. for 20 years since 1961 to 1980 on the clinical and histopathological aspect, and we concluded following results. 1. In the age distribution, 45 cases(72.6%) were under 20 years, and in the age distribution of the known on-set of symptoms, 26 cases(58.0%) were under 10 years. In the duration, 23 cases(37.0%) were under 1 year. The sex ratio of male to female revealed 1.2:1. 2. The palpable mass were complained at 48 cases(77.4%) and 14 cases(22.6%) complained of the discharge from sinus tracts and the other complaints were dysphagia and odynophagia, etc. 3. In location 55 cases (88.7%) were at midline, 1 case(1.6%) was at right and 6 cases(9.7%) were left sided. And 47 cases(75.8%) were situated at infrahyoid region, 11 cases(17.7%) at suprahyoid, 3 cases(4.8%) at suprasternal, only 1 case(1.6%) at intralingual region. 4. In 27 cases formed fistulae, spontaneous occurrance were 7 cases and artificial occurrance were 20 cases. 5. In histopathologically among 41 cases preserving available slides, 5 cases(12.2%) had single duct and 20 cases(48.8%) had multiple accessory ducts, but 16 cases were impossible to detect the ducts. The lining epithelium composed of chiefly respiratory and squamous epithelium. 15 cases had inflammatory reaction at periductal area and 7 cases had around the cysts. The ectopic thyroid tissue was found on 6 cases(14.6%) and 1 case had the follicular adenoma. 6. In the recurrance rate among 43 cases performed sistrunk type operation, 2 cases (4.6%) recurred, and among 19 cases performed simple removal of cysts, 4 cases (21.1%) recurred.