• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2021

Objective: The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of normal and low protein content (PC) of starter diet supplemented or not with blends of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on growth performance of broilers under summer conditions and to investigate whether these effects altered some quality traits and the characteristics of gastrointestinal tract. Methods: A total of 768 mixed-sex broiler chicks (Ross 308, one-d-old) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 47.6±1.03 g were allocated into six treatments with four replications in 2×3 factorial arrangement. Factors were: PC, normal (N, 22% to d 15); and low (L, 20% to d 15); and added BCAA blends, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine at zero (0L:0I:0V); 1.0, 0.25, and 0.25 (4L:1I:1V); or 1.0, 0.25, 0.75 (4L:1I:3V) g/kg of diet. Hence, six dietary treatments were named as N0L:0I:0V, N4L:1I:1V, N4L:1I:3V, L0L:0I:0V, L4L:1I:1V, and L4L:1I:3V. Average indoor temperature and humidity were 32.8℃±1.7℃ and 61.1%±4.12%, respectively. Results: BW, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass weight were not affected by PC, BCCA and their interaction (p>0.05). The L diets decreased the water holding capacity of the breast (p = 0.002) and thigh (p = 0.050) meats and dressing percentage (p = 0.005) compared to the N diets. The 4L:1I:1V diet decreased breast yield compared to the 0L:0I:0V diets (p = 0.041). The effect of PC on feed intake, mortality and gastrointestinal trait weight were depended on the L:I:V ratios under summer conditions due to interactions between factors (p<0.05). The FI and mortality of L4L:1I:1V broilers were lower than those of N4L:1I:1V birds (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the blends of BCAAs used failed to improve performance and to promote breast yields, because diets with normal or with reduced protein supplemented or not with BCAAs up to d 15 produced a similar BW and FCR in broilers raised in hot-climate conditions.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2023

본 논문은 전자기기에 사용되는 전원의 노이즈 저감을 위한 전도성(Conducted) EMI 필터의 경험적 설계를 통하여 제안하였다. 제안된 구조는 A형, B형, C형, D형의 구조를 설계하였으며, 다양한 X-커패스터와, Y-커패스터, Air-인덕터로 LC 네트워크 사용으로 전도성 노이즈 저감을 확인하였다. L1, L2는 10[μH]를 사용하였으며, C1, C2는 4.7[nF]를 사용하였다. 공통모드(Common Mode)용 L3는 13[μH]를 사용하였으며, C5, C6, C7은 10[nF]을 사용하여 설계하였다. 설계된 EMI 필터의 측정된 삽입손실 값은 3.2MHz에서 -74.4[dB], 4MHz에서 -75.4[dB], 13.56MHz에서 -75.3[dB]로 나타났다. 따라서 제안한 EMI 필터는 다양한 전자기기에 사용되는 전원 노이즈 저감에 이용될 것이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1106-1110
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• 2000

New 14-membered tetraaza macrocycles 1,8-diallyl-3,5,7,7,10,12,14,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane $(L^2)$ and 1,8-bis(n-propyl)-3,5,7,7,10,12,14,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane $(L^3)$ have been prepared by direct react ion of 2,5,5,7,9,12,12,14-octamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane $(L^1)with$ allyl bromide or n-propyl bromide. The nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of $L^2andL^3have$ been prepared. The macrocycles show high copper(II) selectivity against nickel(II) ion in methanol solutions containing water. The wavelengths (ca. 505 nm) of the d-d bands for the nickel(II) complexes are extraordinarily longer than those for the complexes of $L^1and$ other related di-N-alkylated 14-membered tetraaza macrocycles. Crystal structure of $[NiL^2](ClO4)_2$ shows that the average Ni-N bond distance $(1.992\AA)$ of the complex is distinctly longer than those of other related nickel(II) complexes. Effects of the N- and C-substituents on the properties of the macrocyclic compounds are discussed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine optimum design parameters in nitrification and denitrfication of chemical fertilizer wastewater using pilot plant, Jet Loop Reactor. The chemical fertilizer wastewater which contains low amounts of organic carbon and has a high nitrogen concentration requires a post-denitrfication system. Organic nitrogen is hydrolyzed above $86\%$, and the concentration of organic nitrogen was influent wastewater 126mg/L and of effluent wastewater 16.4mg/L, respectively. The nitrification above $90\%$ was acquired to TKN volumetric loading below $0.5\;kgTKN/m^3{\cdot}d$, TKN sludge loading below $0.1\;kgTKN/kgVSS{\cdot}d$ and SRT over 8days. The nitrification efficiency was $90\%$ or more and the maximum specific nitrification rate was $184.8\;mgTKN/L{\cdot}hr$. The denitrification rate was above $95\%$ and the concentration of $NO_3-N$ was below 20mg/L. This case was required to $3\;kgCH_3OH/kgNO_3-N$, and the effluent concentration of $NO_3^--N$ was below 20mg/L at $NO_3^--N$ volumetric loading below $0.7\;kgNO_3^--N/m^3{\cdot}d$ and v sludge loading below $0.12\;kgNO_3^-N/kgVSS{\cdot}d$. At this case, the maximum sludge production was $0.83\;kgTS/kgT-N_{re}$ and the specific denitrfication rate was $5.5\;mgNO_3-N/gVSS{\cdot}h$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.1017-1025
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• 2016

기관지질환에 우수한 기능성을 가지고 있는 도라지는 수십종의 다양한 사포닌 종류를 함유하고 있다. 이러한 도라지를 젖산발효 시킬 경우 사포닌 조성의 변화와 기관지질환 유발 세균에 대한 항균 활성의 변화를 측정하였다. 도라지 발효를 위하여 사용된 젖산균은 Leuconostoc mesenteroides N12-4, Leuconostoc mesenteroides N58-5, Lactobacillus plantarum N76-10, Lactobacillus plantarum N56-12, Lactobacillus brevis N70-9 및 Lactobacillus brevis E3-8 등 6종이었다. 도라지 발효 시 젖산균 생육은 L. plantarum균이 가장 활발하였으며 pH 값도 가장 많이 내려가 발효 24시간째 pH는 3.73을 보였고 colony 수는 $10^7CFU/g$ 이상으로 증가하였다. 젖산발효 시간 동안 도라지 사포닌 9종에 대한 조성 변화는 사용된 도라지 시료에서 함량이 높았던 platycoside E, diapioplatycoside E, platycodin A, polygalacin D 등이 발효기간 중 일정량 감소하다가 발효 72시간 이후부터는 증가하는 경향이었고 platycodin D는 약간 증가하다가 72시간 이후부터는 오히려 감소하는 경향이었으며, 총사포닌 함량은 발효기간 동안 함량의 변화가 없었던 L. brevis E3-8균을 제외하고는 발효 72시간 이후 96시간째 증가하였다. 기관지질환 유발세균에 대한 항균 활성의 변화를 보기 위하여 사용된 세균은 Corynebacterium diphtheriae KCTC 3075, Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC 2246, Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1621 및 Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615균 등 4종으로 각 균에 대한 항균 활성이 발효에 의하여 증대되는 젖산균은 L. plantarum균으로, 특히 L. plantarum N56-12균이 강한 항균 활성을 보여주었다. 이에 따라 각 기관지질환 유발세균에 대한 MIC를 조사한 결과 각 균에 대하여 도라지 무발효물은 200, 180, 210 및 90 mg/mL였고, L. plantarum N56-12균으로 발효된 도라지 상등액은 45, 10, 50 그리고 25 mg/mL였다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

비대칭키 RSA의 공개키 e와 합성수 n=pq은 알고 있고 개인키 d를 모를 때, ${\phi}(n)=(p-1)(q-1)=n+1-(p+q)$을 구하여 $d=e^{-1}(mod{\phi}(n))$으로 개인키 d를 해독한다. 암호해독은 일반적으로 n/p=q 또는 $a^2{\equiv}b^2$(mod n), a=(p+q)/2,b=(q-p)/2를 구하는 소인수 분해법이 널리 적용되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지도 많은 RSA 수들이 해독되지 않고 있다. 본 논문은 ${\phi}(n)$을 직접 구하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 이산대수의 아기걸음-거인걸음법과 모듈러 지수연산의 $2^k$-ary법을 적용하였다. 이 알고리즘은 역-아기걸음과 $2^k$-ary 성인걸음법을 적용하여 기본적인 성인걸음법 수행횟수를 $1/2^k$로 줄이고, $m={\lfloor}\sqrt{n}{\rfloor}$의 저장 메모리 용량도 l, $a^l$ > n로 감소시켜 ${\phi}(n)$을 l회 이내로 구하였다.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2022

This paper aims to investigate characterizations on parameters k₁, k₂, k₃, k₄, k₅, l₁, l₂, l₃, and l₄ to find relation between the class of 𝓗(k, l, m, n, o) hypergeometric functions defined by $$5_F_4\[{\array{k_1,\;k_2,\;k_3,\;k_4,\;k_5\\l_1,\;l_2,\;l_3,\;l_4}}\;:\;z\]=\sum\limits_{n=2}^{\infty}\frac{(k_1)_n(k_2)_n(k_3)_n(k_4)_n(k_5)_n}{(l_1)_n(l_2)_n(l_3)_n(l_4)_n(1)_n}z^n$$. We need to find k, l, m and n that lead to the necessary and sufficient condition for the function zF([W]), G = z(2 - F([W])) and $H_1[W]=z^2{\frac{d}{dz}}(ln(z)-h(z))$ to be in 𝓢^*(2^-r), r is a positive integer in the open unit disc 𝒟 = {z : |z| < 1, z ∈ ℂ} with $$h(z)=\sum\limits_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{(k)_n(l)_n(m)_n(n)_n(1+\frac{k}{2})_n}{(\frac{k}{2})_n(1+k-l)_n(1+k-m)_n(1+k-n)_nn(1)_n}z^n$$ and $$[W]=\[{\array{k,\;1+{\frac{k}{2}},\;l,\;m,\;n\\{\frac{k}{2}},\;1+k-l,\;1+k-m,\;1+k-n}}\;:\;z\]$$.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.469-479
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• 2003

Let B be the open unit ball in $C^{n}$ and ${\mu}_{q}$(q > -1) the Lebesgue measure such that ${\mu}_{q}$(B) ＝ 1. Let ${L_{a,q}}^2$ be the subspace of ${L^2(B,D{\mu}_q)$ consisting of analytic functions, and let $\overline{{L_{a,q}}^2}$ be the subspace of ${L^2(B,D{\mu}_q)$) consisting of conjugate analytic functions. Let $\bar{P}$ be the orthogonal projection from ${L^2(B,D{\mu}_q)$ into $\overline{{L_{a,q}}^2}$. The little Hankel operator ${h_{\varphi}}^{q}\;:\;{L_{a,q}}^2\;{\rightarrow}\;{\overline}{{L_{a,q}}^2}$ is defined by ${h_{\varphi}}^{q}(\cdot)\;=\;{\bar{P}}({\varphi}{\cdot})$. In this paper, we will find the necessary and sufficient condition that the little Hankel operator ${h_{\varphi}}^{q}$ is bounded(or compact).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.2299-2303
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• 2014

Two diastereoisomers of cyclo(Pro-Tyr) have been synthesized simultaneously. The crystal structures and conformations of both cyclo($\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr) and a racemic mixture of cyclo($\small{D}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr) and cyclo($\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{D}$-Tyr), abbreviated as rac-cyclo($\small{D}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr/$\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{D}$-Tyr), have been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study at low temperature. The crystals of rac-cyclo($\small{D}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr/$\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{D}$-Tyr) belong to orthorhombic space group $Pna2_1$ with a = 10.755 (1), b = 12.699 (1), c = 9.600 (1) ${\AA}$ and Z = 4. The tyrosine side chain is folded towards the diketopiperazine (DKP) ring. The DKP ring adopts a twist boat conformation with pseudo symmetry $C_{2v}$. The pyrrolidine ring has an envelope conformation with the N5, C4, C7 and C8 atoms in a plane. The crystal of rac-cyclo($\small{D}$-Pro-$\small{L}$-Tyr/$\small{L}$-Pro-$\small{D}$-Tyr) is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between amide N2-H2 and carbonyl oxygen O2 in the neighbor. The hydroxyl group of tyrosine residue is also hydrogen bonded to the oxygen of the carbonyl group of the DKP ring in the next molecule. The spectroscopic properties of both isomers are also described.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.975-979
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• 2012

Structure and Dynamics of dilute two-dimensional (2D) ring polymer solutions are investigated by using discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations. A ring polymer and solvent molecules are modeled as a tangent-hard disc chain and hard discs, respectively. Some of solvent molecules are confined inside the 2D ring polymer unlike in 2D linear polymer solutions or three-dimensional polymer solutions. The structure and the dynamics of the 2D ring polymers change significantly with the number ($N_{in}$) of such solvent molecules inside the 2D ring polymers. The mean-squared radius of gyration ($R^2$) increases with $N_{in}$ and scales as $R{\sim}N^{\nu}$ with the scaling exponent $\nu$ that depends on $N_{in}$. When $N_{in}$ is large enough, ${\nu}{\approx}1$, which is consistent with experiments. Meanwhile, for a small $N_{in}{\approx}0.66$ and the 2D ring polymers show unexpected structure. The diffusion coefficient (D) and the rotational relaxation time ($\tau_{rot}$) are also sensitive to $N_{in}$: D decreases and $\tau$ increases sharply with $N_{in}$. D of 2D ring polymers shows a strong size-dependency, i.e., D ~ ln(L), where L is the simulation cell dimension. But the rotational diffusion and its relaxation time ($\tau_{rot}$) are not-size dependent. More interestingly, the scaling behavior of $\tau_{rot}$ also changes with $N_{in}$; for a large $N_{in}$ $\tau_{rot}{\sim}N^{2.46}$ but for a small $N_{in}$ $\tau_{rot}{\sim}N^{1.43}$.