• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1044-1046
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• 2009

Here we report the architecture for a non-volatile n-type memory paper field-effect transistor. The device is built using the hybrid integration of natural cellulose fibers (pine and eucalyptus fibers embedded in an ionic resin), which act simultaneously as substrate and gate dielectric, with amorphous GIZO and IZO oxides as gate and channel layers, respectively. This is complemented by the use of continuous patterned metal layers as source/drain electrodes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

This study was to investigate an effective biological control of forage diseases and provide a basic data and a model in improving variety of antagonistic bacteria, with growth promoting effect on forage, through cell fusion. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The antagonistic himbacterium against soil-borne phathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from continuous cropping himsphere soil of forage, and its biological and physiological characteristics were investigated. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subrilis and named BS 101. Another strain for cell fusion was Bacillus thur ingiensis ssp. kurstaki HD-I(BT 37669) with insecticidal crystal. 2. The auxotropic mutants of BS 101 and BT 37669 were derived after mutagenesis using N-methyl-N'nitro- Nitrosoguanidine(NTG) to give amino acid requirement marker. n e s e auxotropic mutants of BS 101 and BT 37669 were named BS 1013(his-) and BT 69(asp-), respectively. 3. The best protoplast requirement was obtained using DM 3 medium, containing 5% casamino acid, 1 M $MgCI_2$ and 2% bovine semm albumin, to give Fusant 3, 7 and 8. BT toxin gene was not identified with fusants by Southern blotting. However, SDS-PAGE analysis of strains showed various protein patterns among fusants. 4. From the dark culture experiment, growth of forage in inoculated soil with antagonistic bacteria was delayed than that of non-inoculated soil with antagonistic bacteria in each continuous cropping soil and in each sterilized soil. On the other hand, growth duration of forage was different between continuous cropping soil and sterilized soil. 5. Seed germination of Alfalfa, Italian ryegrass and Orchardgrass were significantly improved by inoculation of antagonistic bacteria(p< 0.05).

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.339-345
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of continuous force application for extrusive tipping movement and occlusal interference on periapical root resorption in the rat mandibular first molar. Methods: We constructed an appliance comprising a titanium screw implant with a cobalt-chromium post as the anchorage unit and a nickel-titanium closed coil spring (50 cN) as the active unit. Force was applied on the mandibular left first molar of rats for 8 (n = 10) and 15 days (n = 10; experimental groups), with the tooth in occlusion. Five rats were included as a non-treated control group to examine the body effect of the appliance. Active root resorption lacunae, identified using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, were evaluated in terms of the length, depth, and area. Results: The rat mandibular first molars were mesially tipped and extruded in the occlusal direction. This mesio-occlusal tipping movement and occlusion resulted in the formation of a compression zone and active root resorption lacunae in the distoapical third of the distal roots. However, there was no significant difference in the amount of root resorption between the two experimental groups. The control group did not exhibit any active root resorption lacunae. Conclusions: Periapical root resorption was induced by continuous extrusive tipping force and occlusal interference in rat mandibular molars. These data suggest that we orthodontists had better take care not to induce occlusal interference during our orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.809-814
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• 1997

Continuous epidural pain block with a local anesthetic agents is a commonly employed technique for pain relief after thoracotomy. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the continuous epidural pain block in 19 patients undergoing elective lateral or posterolatrral thoracotomy with control group(n=19) from November 1994 to July 1995, Epidural lidocaine and morphine mixtures were injected via an epidural catheter as a bolus after operation, and then bupivacaine and morphine mixtures were injected continuously following 5 or 6 days. The pain score, upper arm elevation(ROM score), and respiratory rate were significantly changed(P<0.05) from 30min after injection. The CO2 tension of arterial blood was decreased significantly(P<0.05) from 2hr after injection. The postoperative hospital days were decreased significantly(P<0.05). Side effects of the epidural pain block were urinary retention(n= 10), urticaria(n=2) and a case of headache. There was no postoperative lung atelectasis. We conclude that the continuous epidural pain block is good for prevention of the postoperative lung complication and early recovery after thoracotomy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.88-98
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• 2007

The control of nonpoint source pollution from the urban paved areas with high imperviousness in is required to improve the water quality of aquatic resources. This research investigated the characteristics of urban runoffs and evaluate the effectiveness of the continuous deflective separation systems for stormwater best management practice. The systems were installed in the vicinity of a high-level road, an apartment complex, and the Cheonggye stream. Stormwater runoff was sampled in these sites. Biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorus (T-P) were analyzed. The removal efficiency of $BOD_5$, TSS, and T-P for the road was 10.9-81.0%, 11.7-93.4%, 0-37.5%, respectively. That of $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N, and T-P for the complex was 12.5-65.8%, 26.5-77.6%, 1.8-28.7%, and 20.0-37.5%, respectively. The abatement efficiency $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N, and T-P for the stream was 7.2-85.2%, 41.7-98.2%, 11.3-65.6%, and 2.0-71.5%, respectively. This study shows that the systems can be used to remove $BOD_5$ and TSS from urban runoffs efficiently.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.359-369
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• 2018

This note, we first show that the famous Carleman's inequality can be improved if we find a positive sequence $\{c_n\}$ such that $c_n{\sum\limits_{j=n}^{\infty}}{\frac{1}{j\(\prod_{k=1}^{j}ck\)^{\frac{1}{j}}}}$ < e. Then we list a lot of known results in the literature improving Carleman's inequality by this method. These results can be a good source to a further research for interested students. We next consider about similar improvement of Polya-Knopp's inequality, which is a continuous version of Carleman's inequality. We show by a manner parallel to the case of Carleman's inequality that Polya-Knopp's inequality can be improved if we find a positive function c(x) such that $c(x){\int}_{x}^{\infty}\frac{1}{t\;{\exp}\(\frac{1}{t}{\int}_{0}^{t}{\ln}\;c(s)\;ds\)}dt$ < e. But there are no known results improving Polya-Knopp's inequality by this method. Suggesting to find a new method, we lastly show that there is no nice continuous function c(x) that satisfies the inequality.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.515-521
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• 1993

Separation of deasphalted oil from atmospheric residue using n-pentane as a solvent was carried out to obtain the valuable heavy hydrocarbon products that can be used lube base oil. After separation experiments, it is shown that the separation yield of oil from atmospheric residue was dependent on n-pentane density and increased in the critical region of n-pentane. Also, the metal content of separated oil was much lowered when compared with that of atmospheric residue. However, there's slight differences in sulfur removal between above two cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.91-98
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• 2007

This paper describes the development of the calibration system for a multi-axis force/moment sensor and its uncertainty evaluation. This calibration system can generate the continuous forces (${\pm}Fx,\;{\pm}Fy$ and ${\pm}Fz$) and moments (${\pm}Mx,\;{\pm}My$ and ${\pm}Mz$). Many kinds of multi-axis force/moment sensors in industries should be carried out the characteristic test or the calibration with the calibration system that can generate the forces and the moments. The calibration systems have been already developed are the disadvantages of the low capacity, the generation of step forces(10N, 20N ...) and step moments(1Nm, 2Nm ...) with weights, the high coasts in manufacture and so on. In this paper, the calibration system for a multi-axis force/moment sensor that can generate the continuous three forces and three moments was developed. Their ranges are $0{\sim}2000N$ in all force-directions and $0{\sim}400Nm$ in all moment-directions. And the system was evaluated in the expanded relative uncertainty. They were ${\pm}0.0004$ in all forces ${\pm}Fx,\;{\pm}Fy$ and ${\pm}Fz$, and ${\pm}0.0004$ in all moments ${\pm}Mx,\;{\pm}My$ and ${\pm}Mz$.

• MALSORI
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• no.59
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• pp.53-68
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• 2006

We report the evaluation results of the Korean speech recognition platform called ECHOS. The platform has an object-oriented and reusable architecture so that researchers can easily evaluate their own algorithms. The platform has all intrinsic modules to build a large vocabulary speech recognizer: Noise reduction, end-point detection, feature extraction, hidden Markov model (HMM)-based acoustic modeling, cross-word modeling, n-gram language modeling, n-best search, word graph generation, and Korean-specific language processing. The platform supports both lexical search trees and finite-state networks. It performs word-dependent n-best search with bigram in the forward search stage, and rescores the lattice with trigram in the backward stage. In an 8000-word continuous speech recognition task, the platform with a lexical tree increases 40% of word errors but decreases 50% of recognition time compared to the HTK platform with flat lexicon. ECHOS reduces 40% of recognition errors through incorporation of cross-word modeling. With the number of Gaussian mixtures increasing to 16, it yields word accuracy comparable to the previous lexical tree-based platform, Julius.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2005

In order to estimate the effective horse power(EHP) in towing net of a bottom trawl ship, the ship's resistance was calculated by using a series data of Yamagata and Wigley formula. Also the effective horse power for a ship(EHPs) was estimated versus the ship speed in sailing and the propulsive efficiency was calculated with the brake horse power and the effective horse power. Then the effective horse power for a ship and a trawl net were estimated in the application of the propulsive efficiency in towing net. The total effective horse power($EHP_T$) was average 187.6kW and the effective horse power for a 1.awl net($EHP_n$) was average 176.7kW at a smooth sea state in towing net. The ratio of $EHP_n$ to $EHP_T$ was about 94.0% and the value was higher slightly than was already informed at a smooth sea state. The power for keeping up a townet speed was required more about 20% of a maximum continuous power at a rather rough sea state than a smooth sea state. In the future, if the residual resistance is considered with a sea state, $EHP_n$ will be estimated more correctly Also the data of EHP estimated by this method will be used as the basic data to design a trawl net.