• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.363-363
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 1999

The recovery activation energy, the order of reaction and the recovery rate constant were detemined by isochronal and isothermal annealing treatment to investigate the recovery behaviors of neutron irradiated Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steels$(fluence: 2.3\times10^{19}ncm^{-2}, 553K, E\geq1.0 MeV)$. Vickers microhardness tests were conducted to trace the recovery behavior after heat treatments. The results were analyzed in terms of recovery stages, behavior of responsible defects and recovery kinetics. It was shown that recovery occurred through two annealing stages(stage I : 703-753K, stage n : 813-873K) with re$\infty$very activation energies of 2.5 eV and 2.93 eV for each stage I and n, respectively. From the comparison of unirradiated and irradiated isochronal anneal curves, a radiation anneal hardening(RAH) peak was identified at around 813K. Most of recovery have occurred during about 120 min irrespective of isothermal annealing temperatures of 743K and 833K. Recovery rate constants were determined to be $3.4\times10^{-4}min^{-1} and 7.1\times10^{-4}min^{-1}$ for stage I and II, respectively. The order of reaction was about 2 for both recovery stages. Comparing the obtained data with those of previously reported results on neutron irradiated Mn- Mo- Ni steels, the thermal recovery be­havior of the present material seems to occur by the dissociation of point defect clusters formed during irradiation, and by the recombination process of self-interstitials and vacancies from dissociated vacancy clusters.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2005

Mast cells and goblet cells have been known to protect the host against parasites. In this study, we examined the response of the mast cells and goblet cells over a period of 6 weeks in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice infected with Echinostoma hortense (E. hortense). In addition, we investigated whether the worm recovery rate of uninfected mice (the control group) or E. hortense-infected mice (the experimental group) was associated with the number of mast cells and goblet cells. The worm recovery rate was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice. The number of goblet cells significantly increased in the experimental group of the C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice compared with the control group of both strains (P<0.005). Worm recovery peaked 3 weeks after the infection of the C57BL/6 mice and at 2 weeks after the infection of the C3H/HeN mice, and it was higher in the duodenum than in the jejunum and ileum. However, the infected site in the intestine had no relation with worm expulsion. In the C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice, the number of goblet cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.005). The number reached a peak 2 weeks after the infection and it even increased in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The increased number of goblet cells was retained 6 weeks after infection. The number of goblet cells was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice (P<0.01). These results indicate that goblet cells are related with the worm expulsion. Furthermore, immunohistostaining of the antral intestinal walls for lectin showed the significant increase of the number of goblet cells in the experimental group (P<0.001). The high infection rate in the duodenum was found during the early infection. An increased infection rate in the jejunum and ileum was found 3 weeks after infection and the infection rate was higher in the C3H/HeN mice than in the C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, the present study indicates that goblet cells, rather than mast cells, may play critical roles in parasite expulsion.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2017

Struvite precipitation has been proven to be an effective method in removing and recovering ammonia nitrogen (N) and phosphate phosphorus (P) from wastewater. In this study, effects of pH, molar ratios and pre-treatment of effluent of anaerobically digested swine wastewater were investigated to improve struvite crystallization. The magnesium : ammonium : phosphate ratio of 1.2 : 1.0 : 1.0 was found to be optimal, yet the molar ratio in the wastewater was 1 : 74.9 : 1.8. From the analysis, the optimum pH was between 8.0 and 9.0 for maximal phosphate P release and from 8.0 to 10.0 for maximal ammonia N and phosphate P removal from real wastewater. Analysis from Visual MINTEQ predicted the pH range of 7-11 for ammonia N and phosphate P removal and recovery as struvite. For pre-treatment, microwave pre-treatment was ineffective for phosphate P release but ultrasound pre-treatment showed up to 77.4% phosphate P release at 1,000 kJ/L of energy dose. Precipitates analysis showed that phosphorus and magnesium in the collected precipitate had almost same values as theoretical values, but the ammonia content was less than the theoretical value.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.422-428
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• 2012

The present study purposed to examine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage on the recovery of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction. The subjects of this study were 45 healthy students. They were divided into transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group(n=15), self-stretching group(n=15) and functional massage group(n=15), and using Primus RS. We observed the pattern of changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) after causing muscle fatigue in quadriceps femoris muscle through sustained isotonic contraction. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) were greatly increased after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage. In the comparison of recovery rate of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction among the treatment groups, it did not show any significant differences. However, it showed that each treatment may be effective in recovery of muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2001

In this thesis, we present a simple and efficient recovery method, called ARIES/SR(ARIES/Selective Redo) which is based on ARIES(Algorithm for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics) ARIES performs redo for all updates done by either nonloser transaction or loser transaction, and thus significant overhead appears during restart after a system failure. To reduce this overhead, we propose ARIES/SR recovery algorithm. In this algorithm, to reduce the redo operations, redo is performed, using log record for updates done by only nonloser transaction. Also selective undo is performed. using log record for update done by only loser transaction for reducing recovery operation.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1874-1885
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• 2000

When a receiver of ciphertext message can not decrypt a message because he has lost his private-key, the private-key of receiver and session-key of the message should be recovered. In this paper, we developed an Encapsulation based Key Recovery System (EKRS). EKRS is a new key encapsulation based key recovery system which is characterized by secretly choice of KRA, randomized target keys. n-way recovery type, and useful for commercial key recovery. EKRS is formally specified by a pictorial model, an Extended Cryptographic Timed Petri Net (ECTPN). Secure information flow and reachability of a session-key are verified by using reachability graph of ECTPN. EKRS, executing over a Public Key Infrastructure, can be used as a security solution in Web based applications such as CALS, EC an EDI.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.73-82
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of perceived justice associated with service recovery on perceived service quality, and the relationships among perceived service quality, customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in online apparel shopping contexts. Justice theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. The research strategy employed an online survey methodology. Online shoppers (N=669) who had experiences in service failure and dissatisfactions completed a questionnaire. The model of the study was tested by structural equation modeling (SEM) and the results of SEM revealed positive effect of perceived justice regarding service recovery on perceived service quality, positive effect of perceived service quality on customer satisfaction, and positive effect of customer satisfaction on behavioral intention. The results of this study have implications for online retailers. Online retailers need to understand the importance of service recovery by which service failures are managed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.512-512
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• 2000

Some planorbid snails such as Hippeutis cantori and Segmentina hemisphaerula have reported as the molluscan intermediate hosts of Neodiplostomum seoulense, one of important snail-borne human intestinal trematodes in Korea. However, one of the Korean lymnaeid snail species, Austropeplea ollular was also found to be the first intermediate ho of N. seoulense. In field-collected Austropeplea snails from Sorae and Kimpo out of se collected localities, the bifurcated cercariae of N. seoulense were shed (infection rat 0.3%), whereas no Radix auricularia and Fossaria truncatula were found shedding cercariae. Each of 12 tadpoles of Rana nigromaculata, known as the second intermedia host of N. seoulense, were exposed to 200 cercariae shed from field-collected A ollula. F tadpoles of R. nigromaculata were found to be massively infected with metacercariae o N. seoulense (recovery rate: 62.1%). Each of five rats (Sprague-Dowley strain) was or fed with 200 metacercariae, and eggs of N. seoulense were detected in the rat feces on week later. These rats were killed 4 weeks after postinfection and adult worms of N seoulense were recovered from the small intestines (recovery rate: 9%). This is the f report of A. ollula as the first molluscan intermediate host for N. seoulense in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2003

Dramatic changes in the patterns of satellite-derived pigment concentrations, sea-level height anomaly, sea surface temperature anomaly, and zonal wind anomaly are observed during the 1997-1998 El Ni$\bar{n}$o. By some measures, the 1997-1998 El Ni$\bar{n}$o was the strongest one of the 20$^{th}$ century. A very strong El Ni$\bar{n}$o developed during 1997 and matured late in the year. A dramatic recovery occurred in mid-1998 and led to La Nina condition. The largest spatial extent of the phytoplankton bloom was fellowed recovery from El Ni$\bar{n}$o over the equatorial Pacific. The evolution towards a warm episode (El Ni$\bar{n}$o) started from spring of 2002 and continued during January 2003, while equatorial SSTA remained greater than +1$^{\circ}C$ in the central equatorial Pacific. The OSMI (Ocean Scanning Multispectral Imager) data are used for detection of dramatic changes in the patterns of pigment concentration during next El Ni$\bar{n}$o.