• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3267-3274
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• 2012

371 균주의 해양박테리아를 광양만에서 분리하였다. 우점종은 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, P. fluorescens, P. paucimobilis, Chryseomonas luteola, P. vescularis 등이었다. 영양염과 유기물을 제거할 수 있는 해양박테리아를 탐색하기 위하여 암모니아성 질소(100 mg/L), 질산성 질소(100 mg/L) 및 인(10 mg/L)이 각각 포함된 10 mL의 marine broth 2216 (DIFCO)에 해양박테리아를 접종(1.0%, v/v)하고 12시간 배양하였다. 스크리닝 테스트 결과 25% 이상 $COD_{Cr}$을 제거하는 해양박테리아는 16종, 15% 이상의 암모니아 질소를 제거하는 해양박테리아는 9종, 60% 이상의 질산 질소를 제거하는 해양박테리아는 11종 그리고 90% 이상의 인을 제거하는 해양박테리아는 13종이 분리되었다. Aeromonas hydrophila, Chryseomonas indologenes, Pseudomonas diminuta, Vibrio parahaemolyticus 균주가 유기물 및 영양염류 제거실험을 위해 선정되었다. 회분식 시험을 위해 4종의 해양박테리아를 $COD_{Cr}$ 250 mg/L, $NH_3-N$ 40 mg/L, ${NO_3}^{-}-N$ 40 mg/L, ${PO_4}^{3-}-P$ 10 mg/L이 각각 첨가되어 있는 변형 marine broth에 접종하고, 10시간 배양하면서 제거효율을 측정하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.813-821
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• 2007

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in two sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs). SBBR1 had a short first non-aeration period and SBBR2 had a long first non-aeration period. The removal characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in each SBBR were precisely observed according to the variation of influent TOC concentration, and the operation control parameters (pH, DO concentration, ORP) in each reactor were measured. In biological nitrogen removal, there was little difference between SBBR1 and SBBR2 and the nitrogen removal efficiencies were very low. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal characteristics in high influent TOC concentration were different from those in low TOC. Nitrogen removals by simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND) were occurred in both SBBR1 and SBBR2. The P removal in SBBR1 was superior to that in SBBR2. The second P release was observed in SBBR1 which had long second non-aeration period.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2005

세균배양이 해양환경정화를 궁극적인 목적으로 사용 가능한지에 대하여 조사하였다. 본 연구는 새우양식장에서 분리한 균주 CK-10과 CK-13을 이용하여 질소와 인을 제거하는 연구이다. BIOLOG 시험을 통하여 세균들은 Bacillus subtilis CK-1과 Bacillus sp. CK-13으로 각각 명명되었다. 호기적 조건하에서 단일 N/P 원으로서 질소 $(NH_4^+,\;NO_2^-,\;or\;NO_3^-)$와 인$(PO_4^{3-})$의 제거에 대한 연구가 CK-10이나 CK-13의 단일배양에 의하여 수행되었다. 주어진 배양기간 이내에 $100-400{\mu}M$ 농도범위에 있는 $NH_4^+,\;NO_2^-$, 또는 $NO_3^-$의 완전제거가 단일배양과 혼합배양에서 이루어졌다. $125-599{\mu}M$ 농도의 $PO_4^{3-}$을 포함하는 배양에서 유사한 결과가 얻어졌다. 혼합배양에서 N/P의 동시제거 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, $400{\mu}M\;NH_4^+$와 $NO_2^-$는 12시간 이내에 제거되었고, $NO_3^-$는 36시간 이내에 각각 제거되었으며, $500{\mu}M\;PO_4^{3-}$도 36시간 이내에 제거되었다. 이 연구를 통해서 혼합배양은 N/P의 동시 제거율을 크게 향상시키는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.209-231
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• 1999

Even though titanium(Ti) and its alloys are the most used dental implant materials, there are some problems that Ti wears easily and interferes normal osteogenesis due to the metal ions. Ti coated with bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite has also such problems as the exfoliation or resorption of the coated layer, Recent studies on implant materials have been proceeding to improve physical properties of the implant substrate and biocompatibility of the implant surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to examine the physical property and bone tissue compatibility of bioinert nitrides ion plated Ti, Button type specimens(14mm in diameter, 2.32rrun in height) for the abrasion test and cytotoxicity test and thread type implants(3.75mm in diameter, 6mm in length) for the animal experiments were made from Ti(grade 2) and 316LVM stainless steel. Ti specimens were ion plated with TiN, ZrN by the low temperature arc vapor deposition, and the depth profile of the TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti ion plated surface was examined by Auger Electron Spectroscopy. Three kind of button type specimens .of TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti and Ti were used for abrasion test, and HEPAlClC7 cells and CCD cells were cultivated for 4 days with the specimens for cytotoxicity test. Thread type implants of TiN/Ti, ZrN/Ti, Ti, 316LVM were implanted on the femur of 6 adult dogs weighing 10kg-13kg. Two dogs were sacrified for histological examination after 45 days and 90 days, and four dogs were sacrified for the removal torque test of the implant') after 90 days. The removal torque force was measured by Autograph (Shimadzu Co., AGS-1000D series, Japan). Abrasion resistance of TiN/Ti was the highest, and that of ZrN/Ti and Ti were followed. The bioinert nitride ion plated Ti had much better abrasion resistance, compared with Ti, In the cytotoxicity test, the number of both cells were increased in all specimens, and there were no significant difference in cytotoxic reaction among all groups (p>0.1), In histological examination, 316LVM showed the soft tissue engagement in interface between the implant and bone, but the other materials after 45 days noted immature new bone formation in the medullary portion along the implant surface, and those after 90 days showed implant support by new bone formation in both the cortical and the medullary portion, The removal torque force of Tilv/Ti showed significantly higher than that of Ti(p(O,05). The difference in removal torque force between TiN/Ti and ZrN/Ti was not significant(p>0.05), and that of 316LVM was lowest among all groups(p<0.05). These results suggest that bioinert nitrides ion plated Ti can resolve the existing problems of Ti and bioactive ceramics, and it may be clinically applicable to human.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

In this study, the International Maritime Organization (IMO)'s guideline MEPC. 277 (64) was developed and evaluated for the removal efficiency of T-N in a SBR and MBR combined process. This combined process of resized equipment based on large capacity water treatment device for a protection of marine aquatic life. In this experiment, T-N concentration of influent and effluent was measured through with the artificial wastewater. The SBR reactor operation time was varied according to the C : N : P ratios so that different conditions for mixing and aeration period in mins (90 : 60, 80 : 40, 70 : 50) and two C: N: P ratios (10 : 5 : 3, 10 : 3 : 1) were used. During experiment in the reactor's aeration and anoxic tank DO concentrations were 3 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L respectively. Furthermore, in the reactor MLSS concentration was 2000 mg/L and flowrate was 2 L/hr. Experiment results showed that C : N : P, 10 : 3 : 1 ratio with 90 mins mixing and 60 mins aeration maximized removal efficiency at 97.3% T-N as compared to other conditions. The application of the SBR and MBR combined process showed efficient results.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 논에서의 영양물질 제거능력에 대하여 평가하였다. 논을 인공습지라는 관점으로 보고 전라남도 함평군 엄다면 화양리의 논 지구(이하 학야지구)를 시험지구로 선정하여 2004년 5월부터 9월까지 영농기 기간동안 조사하였다. 학야지구를 대상으로 물수지 및 물질수지를 조사하여 논에서의 T-N, T-P의 제거능력을 조사한 결과 지표유출 부하로 T-N, T-P가 각각 20.82 kg/ha, 1.55 kg/ha로 나타났으며, 이는 연구대상 논에 총 투입된 T-N, T-P의 13.2%와 6.4%에 해당되는 양이다. 연구 결과는 투입된 대부분의 영양물질이 논에서 처리됨을 보여주었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 혐기조 및 무산소조, 호기조로 구성된 미생물이 부착된 고정상 담체를 이용한 $A^{2}O$ 생물막 장치와 부유 수생식물인 부레옥잠을 이용한 자연정화장치에서 생활오수를 이용하여 성능실험을 수행한 후 HRT에 따른 유기물 및 T-N, T-P의 제거 특성을 알아보았다. 평균 SS 제거율과 $COD_{Cr}$ 제거율은 HRT가 증가함에 따라 증가하다가 HRT 12 hr 이상에서는 각각 제거율이 93%, 89% 정도의 일정한 수치를 나타내었다. 반면에 평균 $BOD_5$ 제거율 및 평균 $COD_{Mn}$ 제거율은 HRT가 증가함에 따라 제거율은 계속 증가하는 양상을 보여주고 있으며 HRT 26 hr일 때 각각의 제거율은 84.91%, 76.03%이었다. 한편 평균 T-N 제거율 및 T-P 제거율은 HRT 61 hr까지는 계속 증가하다가 HRT 61 hr 이상에서는 거의 비슷한 수치이었으며 HRT 61 hr일 때의 평균 T-N 및 T-P 제거율은 각각 70.20%, 77.86%이었으며 영양염류 제거 관점에서 최적 HRT는 61 hr임을 알 수 있었다. 부레옥잠의 잎에서는 실험 전 후의 질소 함량이 비슷하였으나 뿌리에서는 5.5%가 더 많은 질소가 발견되어 부레옥잠이 질소를 흡수한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.957-962
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• 2002

In July, three trials were conducted to evaluate the best sponge type and optimum PMSG dose to be administered to sheep under the Jordanian Badia (arid) conditions. In trial 1, three flocks (n=77, n=18 and n=47 for flocks 1, 2 and 3, respectively) were administered with 40 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) intravaginal sponges for 12 days before receiving 600 IU of PMSG at the time of sponge removal. In trial 2, 95 ewes were assigned to 4 groups to receive 300 (n=25), 450 (n=27), 600 (n=22) or 750 (n=21) IU of PMSG following a 12 d FGA 40 mg sponge insertion period. In trial 3, 60 ewes were assigned to 3 groups (n=20) to receive either FGA 30 mg, FGA 40 mg or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) 60 mg intravaginal sponges all followed by an administration of 600 IU of PMSG at sponge removal. In all trials, rams were isolated 1 day before sponge insertion and were allowed back with the ewes at sponge removal. Estrual responses and lambing data were collected. The effects of treatment, milking status and face color on estrual responses and lambing data were examined. In trial 1, greater first cycle conception rate (p<0.05), twinning rate (p<0.01) and the number of lambs born/served ewe (p<0.01) were observed in flock 2 compared with flocks 1 and 3. Neither face color nor milking status had any influence on the measured parameters (p>0.05). Despite low lambing rate in trial 2, ewes receiving 600 IU of PMSG had greater (p<0.05) number of lambs born/served ewe compared with ewes receiving 450 IU of PMSG. Regardless of PMSG dose, intervals to detected estrus occurred 10 h earlier (p<0.01) in dry than lactating ewes. Similar to trial 2, lambing rate was depressed in trial 3. The expression of estrus was advanced (p<0.05) in ewes receiving MAP 60 mg sponges compared with those receiving FGA 30 and FGA 40 mg sponges (42$\pm$3.1, 49$\pm$3.1 and 49$\pm$3.1 h post sponge removal in ewes receiving MAP 60 mg, FGA 30 mg and FGA 40 mg sponges, respectively). Other parameters were not influenced (p>0.05) by sponge type, milking status and face color. Data show that a 600 IU dose of PMSG tends to give the best lambing results. In addition, results indicate that the use 60 mg MAP sponges for estrus synchronization may be more appropriate under the Jordanian Badia conditions during late seasonal anestrus.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.906-913
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• 2019

소성 굴 패각의 PO₄-P 및 NH₃-N의 제거성능을 평가하기 위해 100℃(POS100), 600℃(POS600), 800℃(POS800)로 소성시킨 굴 패각을 시료충전층에 채워 인공오수를 통과시키는 실내실험을 통해 PO₄-P 및 NH₃-N의 제거 성능을 확인하였다. 시료충전층을 통과한 유출수는 굴 패각에서 용출된 CaO의 영향으로 pH가 상승한 것으로 조사되었다. PO₄-P 제거량은 최대 약 23.1 mg/kg(POS100), 16.1 mg/kg(POS600), 15.9 mg/kg(POS800)으로, POS100의 PO₄-P 제거량이 높게 나타난 것으로 확인되었다. PO₄-P 제거 요인으로는 굴 패각의 Ca 및 Dolomite가 PO₄-P를 흡착·침전시킨 것으로 판단된다. NH₃-N 제거량은 최대 약 3.56 mg/kg(POS100), 5.72 mg/kg(POS600), 3.97 mg/kg(POS800)으로 나타났다. NH₃-N의 제거율이 낮은 요인으로는 불안정한 질산화 과정, pH의 상승으로 인해 NH₃-N가 NH₄⁺로 변환된 영향 등의 복합적인 원인으로 판단된다. 이상의 결과를 통해 소성 굴 패각은 화학 반응을 통해 PO₄-P 및 NH₃-N 농도를 감소시킨 것으로 판단되며, 본 연구의 결과는 향후 소성 굴 패각을 활용한 하수처리 기술개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1998

Activation bacteria, identified from commercial microbial products, were applied to leachate treatment. Total seven strains of bacteria Enterobacteriaceae spp. (5), Bacillus sp. (1), Aeromonas sp. (1) were seeded in the leachate and cultured in the shaking incubator at 25$^{\circ}$C and 250 rpm. While cultured, they were sampled in given time intervals and the removal rates of SS, COD, BOD, T-N.and T-P were measured an indicators of leachate treatment. Through the screening test, four of 7 strains of bacteria were considered to be effective and they were named as "effective group". The capability of leachate treatment was observed on three different groups of bacteria single, effctive, and total mixed. The result showed that the removal rates of COD and SS for the total mixed group were 64 and 71% respectively. BOD removal rate was reached nearly 99% by seeding of effective griup and removal rates of T-P and T-N were 83 and 82% respectively. However seeding of single strain was less effective than that of any mixed group in leachate treatment.