• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2008

A total of 41 microsatellite markers were used with 29 genotypes to examine the relationship between SSR polymorphisms and N-use efficiency related traits with a goal to identify the putative QTLs related to these traits. These primers yielded a total of 183 alleles (average 4.46 alleles per primer), and polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the SSRs ranged from 0.119 to 0.805 with mean value of 0.425. Correlation coefficients were obtained among the four N-use efficiency traits in the 34 accessions and significant positive correlations of relative ratios between grain yield and harvest index (r=0.3404) and total dry matter (r=0.7976), while N uptake showed a moderate level of correlation with the ratios of the grain yield and total dry matter, respectively. 36.5% (15/41) SSR markers were monomorphic among the 25 japonica accessions out of the 29 accessions. Association between SSR genotypes and phenotypic performances from the total (29) or japonica (25) accessions was tested based on a single point analysis. Three putative QTL regions were detected for the ratio of grain yield. These include the chromosomal region containing the RM283 locus on chromosome 1 and RM25 on chromosome 8 (all and japonica accessions) and the region with the SSR marker, RM206 on chromosome 11 (the japonica accessions). For the total dry matter ratio, two chromosomal regions were identified as the putative QTL region. One is the region with the SSR marker, RM162 on chromosome 6 (all and japonica accessions) and the other was the one with the SSR marker RM25 on chromosome 8 (the japonica accessions). Among these markers, RM25 showed associations with both traits.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2006

The nitrogen (N) absorption and partition of the rice plants are important indicators that can be used to improve the N use efficiency (NUE) of the plants. Improving the plant NUE can help to avoid nutrient waste that may cause environmental pollution. To investigate the N absorption and partition of the rice plants, Hwaseongbyeo (Japonica) and Dasanbyeo (indica/japonica) were applied with N fertilizers at the rates of 60, 120, and 180 kg N per ha in paddy field. Also micro plots of $0.81m^2$ were established inside each plot for application of $^{15}N-labeled$ fertilizer. The differences in N utilization of the rice plants were associated with the total N absorption and partitioning after the heading stage. In the grain filling period, the increase of nitrogen content in the total and leaf blades of Dasanbyeo was higher than that of Hwaseongbyeo. Soil N was the main contributor for the increase of total N of Dasanbyeo during the grain filling period. The N fertilizer uptake rate of Hwaseongbyeo rapidly increased with the increment of N fertilization rate. In Dasanbyeo, N fertilizer uptakes were similar under all rates and times of N application. From heading stage to harvest, Dasanbyeo continued accumulating nitrogen, whereas Hwaseongbyeo had small changes. In conclusion, the difference in nitrogen absorption and partition after heading of the two cultivars was caused by the ability of Dasanbyeo to accumulate and remobilize soil nitrogen to the grains during the grain filling period.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.142-149
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• 1982

유수형성기추비(幼穗形成期追肥)(30%)한 표식질소(慓識窒素)의 이용율(利用率)은 $23{\sim}61%$(5개포장(個圃場))였으며 품종간차이(品種間差異)가 없었다. 고수답(高收沓)에서 추비질소(追肥窒素)의 이용율(利用率)이 컸으며 식물체내비료(植物體內肥料) 유래질소(由來窒素)의 50% 이상(以上)이 유수형성기이후(幼穗形成期以後)에 흡수(吸收)된 것으로 보였다. 정조(正租)에서 중질소과잉율(重窒素過剩率)이 가장 컸으며 이는 추비(追肥)된 질소(窒素)가 정조(正租)로 쉽게 전류(轉流)됨을 나타낸다. 일반계(一般系)보다 통일계(統一系)에서 정조(正租)와 엽간(葉間)의 중질소과잉율(重窒素過剩率)의 차이(差異)가 커서 통일계(統一系)에서 질소(窒素)의 전류(轉流)가 빠른것을 나타낸다. 지상부추비유래질소(地上部追肥由來窒素)는 $14{\sim}27%$였다. 특별(特別)한 관리(管理)를 한다면 포장조건(圃場條件)에서 중질소이용(重窒素利用)한 시험(試驗)은 처리당(處理當) 2구(區)에 구당(區當) 3주(株)로 충분(充分)할 것 같다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2011

Urea intercalated into montmorillonite (MT) exhibits remarkably enhanced N use efficiency, maintaining its fast effectiveness. This study dealt with the release property of urea from metal-urea-clay hybrid with MT (MUCH) under continuous-flow conditions and the cumulative impacts of its successive application on physicochemical properties of soils. Releases of urea were completed within 4 hrs under continuous-flow condition regardless of the types and the leaching solutions. However, urea release property was significantly affected by both the form of fertilizer and the presence of electrolytes in solution. The fast release property of urea from MUCH in continuous-flow condition was not significantly affected by soil properties such as soil pH and soil texture. In addition, its successive application did not lead to any noticeable change in soil physicochemical properties, water stable aggregate rate, water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity in both sandy loam and clay loam soils. Therefore, this study strongly supported that urea intercalated into MT could be applied as fast-effective N fertilizer, in particular for additional N supply.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.70-91
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• 2022

Organizations today depend and thrive on timely, accurate and strategically relevant information. Business analytics (BA) holds the key to many of these issues. This paper validates a model on how the usage of BA leads to operational efficiency. We identified the factors of basic analytical usage from the Business Capacity Maturity Model (BCMM). The scope of the study is restricted to the Information Technology Infrastructure and Application management domain. A survey was conducted among the managers of the IT companies in Bengaluru, India. The results showed a significant influence of data-oriented culture and BA tools and infrastructure on BA usage. We found a significant influence of BA usage and pervasive use on operational efficiency. The speed to insight is still not practised in organizations. The awareness level of analytical skills in organizations is very low.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1997

본 연구(硏究)는 2년간 ('95~'96) 벼 무논골뿌림직파재배시(直播栽培時) 완효성비료(緩效性肥料) (LCU)의 시용량(施用量) 및 분시방법(分施方法)에 따른 시비질소(施肥窒素)의 토양중 $NH_4-N$발현량(發現量), 질소흡수량(窒素吸收量) 및 이용율(利用率)에 미치는 영향과 수량성(收量性) 변이(變異)를 조사하기 위하여 호남평야지(湖南平野地)의 대표토양(代表土壤)인 전북통(全北統)에서 시험한 결과로서 다음과 같이 요약할수 있다. 1. 완효성비료(緩效性肥料)는 생육초기(生育初期) 기온(氣溫)이 높으면 질소(窒素)가 조기(早期)에 용출(溶出)되었고, 최고분얼기(最高分蘖期)의 시비질소(施肥窒素) 이용율(利用率)은 절반으로 감소(減少)되었다. 2. 수도체(水稻體)의 질소흡수량(窒素吸收量)과 질소이용율(窒素利用率)은 관행시비량(慣行施肥量)의 완효성비료(緩效性肥料)를 전량기비(全量基肥)로 시용한것보다 관행시비량의 20%감비(減肥) 그중 60%를 완효성비료(緩效性肥料)로 기비(基肥)에 시용하고 요소(尿素) 40%를 수비(穗肥)로 시용(施用)한 구(區)에서 월등히 높았다. 3. 정조(正租)로의 질소(窒素) 전이율(轉移率)은 기온(氣溫)이 높은 해에 증가(增加)하였으나 단비(單肥)(요소(尿素))시용구(施用區)에서 완효성비료(緩效性肥料) 시용구(施用區)보다 높았다. 4. 완효성비료(緩效性肥料)를 전량(全量) 내지 20%감비(減肥)하여 80%를 전량기비(全量基肥)로 시용시(施用時) 기온(氣溫)이 높은 해는 유효분얼수(有效分蘖數)와 수수(穗數)가 감소(減少)되어 수량(收量)이 크게 감소(減少)되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1999

벼 집약적(集約的) 재배증계하(栽培證系下)에서 화학비료 시용량 절감 및 퇴비의 이용가능성(利用可能性)을 검토키 위하여 영남농업시험장에서 30년간 실시한 동일비료(同一肥料) 장기연용(長期連用)시험을 중심으로 벼 수량성 및 질소이용효율의 연도별 변이를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 동일비료(同一肥料)연용년도별 벼 수량성(收量性)변화는 퇴비단용구에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 보인 반면 무비구와 질소결제구에서는 감소의 경향을 보였고, 퇴비(堆肥)의 효과(效果)는 초기(初期) 10년간(年間)은 뚜렷한 차(差)가 없었으나 그 후(後) 점증(漸增)하여 30년(年)이 경과(經過)한 1996년(年)의 수량(收量)은 3요소구(要素區)의 80%수준(水準)이었다. 처리별(處理別) 요소흡수량(窒素吸收量)은 3요소+퇴비구가 $167kg\;ha^{-1}$로 높았으며 질소회수율(窒素回收率)($RE_N$)은 퇴비단용시(堆肥單用時) 0.74로 가장 높은 반면, 인산(燐酸) 및 칼리결제구(缺除區)가 0.30낮았다. 3요소(要素) 시용구(施用區)에서 질소(窒素)의 농업적(農業的) 효율(效率)($AE_N$)은 평균 12.8 kg/kg N인 반면, 질소비료생산성(窒素肥料生産性)($PFP_N$)은 37.7 kg/kg N으로 높았으며 AE_N과 PFP_N 공히 시험초대에는 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 후기 연대에는 $AE-N$의 경우 증감이 없는 반면, $PFP_N$은 증가하였다. $AE_N$와 $PFP_N$ 차(差)를 천연질소공급력(天然窒素供給力)(INS)으로 표시할 수 있으므로 그 차는 3요소(要素)+퇴비구(堆肥區)가 28.4로 3요소구(要素區)에 비해 높았으며 시험년수(試驗年數)가 진행됨에 따라 INS는 더욱 커졌다.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 1999년도 KOBA 방송기술 워크샵 KOBA Broadcasting Technology Workshop
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• pp.171-176
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• 1999

Template matching is one of the most often used techniques for machine vision applications to find a template of size M$\times$M or subimage in a scene image of size N$\times$N. Most template matching methods, however, require pixel operations between the template and the image under analysis resulting in high computational cost of O(M2N2). So in this thesis, we present a two stage template matching method. In the first stage, we use a novel low cost feature whose complexity is approaching O(N2) to select matching candidates. In the second stage, we use conventional template matching method to find out the exact matching point. We compare the result with other methods in terms of complexity, efficiency and performance. Proposed method was proved to have constant time complexity and to be quite invariant to noise.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2012

탄질비가 다른 유기자재를 시용하여 벼를 유기재배 할 때 자재별 무기화 정도와 벼의 질소 이용효율을 조사하기 위해서 2009년부터 2011년까지 시험을 수행하였다. 유기자재 처리는 질소함량 90kg/ha 수준으로 가축분퇴비, 유박, 유박2배, 헤어리베치, 헤어리베치+호밀 처리구를 두었고 화학비료구와 대조구를 두었다. 유기자재 중 유박은 가장 낮은 탄소:질소비(탄질비)를 나타내었고 가축분퇴비가 가장 높은 탄질비를 보였다. 토양 pH, 탄소, 질소, 칼슘, 그리고 마그네슘 농도는 처리간에 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 2009년과 2010년의 질소 이용효율은 유박처리구가 화학비료구와 헤어리베치 그리고 퇴비구보다 높았다. 강수량이 많았던 2011년에는 축분퇴비구가 질소이용효율이 높은 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.292-301
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• 2021

Objectives: Wearing medical masks has been recommended since the declaration of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) as a pandemic disease. Certified medical masks are evaluated according to filtration efficiency and facial inhalation resistance. However, some people use non-certified common masks. This study aimed to evaluate various non-certified commercial masks based on the certification criteria for medical masks. Methods: Twenty mask products (three anti-droplet, three disposable dental, eight fashion, three cotton, and three children's masks) were selected. For performance evaluation, filtration efficiency and facial inhalation resistance tests were conducted. The evaluation method followed the certification method for KF-certified masks of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) and the N95 respirator of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Results: None of the 20 masks met the KF94 certification standard set by the MFDS. Four and three masks respectively met the KF80 certification standard and the N95 standard of NIOSH. Filtration efficiency was significantly higher in three-layer masks than in single layer masks. Pleated-type masks had higher filtration efficiency than cone-type masks. There was no correlation between the structure of masks and facial inhalation resistance. Conclusion: While no masks complied with the KF94 certification standard, a few masks met the KF80 and the N95 certification standards of NIOSH. Although some people wear non-certified commercial masks, protection from aerosols is not guaranteed by such masks. Evaluation of the protection efficiency of non-certified mask against microbiological infection is needed for the prevention of infectious disease.