• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.255-268
• /
• 2004

The purpose of the research is to compare the distribution of Black-pigmented Bacteroides between Chronic Periodontitis and Aggressive Periodontitis. P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens were examined in order to evaluate their distribution in patients with Chronic Periodontitis(CP) and Aggressive Periodontitis(AP). PCR and dot-blots hybridization of 16s rRNA gene were used to compare bacterial distribution of two groups - CP group and AP group, which were divided into two subgroups. Subgingival plaque taken from the diseased sites(pocket $depth{\geq}6$ mm) and healthy sites(pocket $depth{\leq}3$ mm) were grouped into the experimental group and the control group. The result are as follows ; 1. The distribution of P. gingivalis was 98.33% for chronic Periodotitis(CP), 94.17% for Aggressive Periodontitis(AP), the distribution of P. intermedia was 77.50% for CP, 64.17% for AP, and the distribution of P. nigrescens was 35.00%, 29.17%. In all 3 types of bacteria, CP group showed higher distribution compared to AP group, but only P. intermedia showed statistically significant difference. 2. In the case of CP, every type of bacteria showed higher distribution in the experimental group with statistically significant difference. 3. In the case of AP, every type of bacteria also showed higher distribution in the experimental group, but P. gingivalis and p..intermedia showed the result with statistically significant difference, and the other did not 4. In 3 all bacteria type, N-AP showed higher distribution than N-CP without statistically significant difference These results suggest that the comparison of the distribution of Bacteroides between Chronic Periodontitis and Aggressive Periodontitis has no statistically significant difference, except P. intermedia.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2003

We have examined the relaxational response to the water extract of Angelica gigas $N_{AKAI}$ (AG), Gingko biloba $L_{INNE}$ (GB), Acanthopanax senticosus $H_{ARMS}.$ (AP) and Augumented-Four-Substance Decoction (AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD) in isolated thoracic aorta from sprague dawley(SD) rat. Rat thoracic aorta was investigated in vessel segments suspended for isometric tension recording by polygraph. Responses to AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD were investigated in vessels precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) were compared in vasodilation effect. We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD with a dose-dependent vasodilation. The 5-hydroxytryptamine induced contraction at $10^{-4}M$ were inhibited by 26.3%, 75.8%, 87.5% and 6.9%, 22.6%, 30.8% after addition of the 0.1 g/mL water extract of AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD. In conclusion, AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD induced relaxation in the isolated rat thoracic aorta were composed of dose-dependent relaxation. AP-FSD has very potent vasodilation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.41 no.12
• /
• pp.661-665
• /
• 1997

Recently ADN was disclosed to replace AP or AN as a solid oxidizer. 3-N,N-Dinitraminopropanitrile, a key intermediate in the preparation of ADN, was synthesized from bis(2-cyanoethyl)amine by the sequence: nitration of bis(2-cyanoethyl)amine followed by decyanoethylation by base and the second nitration with NO2BF4. 3-N-Nitro-bis(2-cyanoethyl)amine could also be obtained by the oxidation of the corresponding N-nitroso compound.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 1990

The dioxygen transfer reaction from $N^5$-ethyl-4a-hydroperoxy-3-methyllumiflavin anion (4a-FlEtOO-) has been extended to isomeric aminophenol systems (1a-4a). O-aminophenol (o-AP, 1a & 2a) and p-aminophenol(p-AP, 3a & 4a) were turned out to be good substrates, whereas m-aminophenol(m-AP, 5a) was not. This is due to the charge location which is not on the carbon bearing the amino group. o-AO's react with 4a-FlEtOO- to give isophenoxazine derivatives (6 & 7) and with p-AP's to produce p-benzoquinone derivatives (8 & 9). The partition coefficients $(k_2/k_3)$ of 1a & 2a were $4.84{\times}10^{-4}\;&\;1.66{\times}10^{-5}M$, respectively and those of methylated aminophenolates, 2a & 4a were 4-10 times greater than nonmethylated substrates, 1a & 3a.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2018

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that is widely distributed in the plasma membrane of cells of various organs and also found in many organisms from bacteria to humans. The complete amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure of human placental alkaline phosphatase have been reported. Based on the literature data, AP consists of two presumptive glycosylation sites, at Asn-144 and Asn-271. However, it only contains a single occupied N-linked glycosylation site and no occupied O-linked glycosylation sites. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has been primarily employed for the characterization of the glycan structures derived from glycoproteins. N-glycan structures from human placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) were investigated using HILIC-Orbitrap MS, and subsequent data processing and glycan assignment software. 16 structures including 10 sialylated N-glycans were identified from PLAP.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2009

Purpose : To evaluate the cause of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) or aseptic pyuria (AP) on physiologic phimosis and to evaluate the effect of topical steroid therapy and preputial hygiene on the resolution of AB and AP. Methods : Ninety uncircumcised boys (age 1-72 month, median 16 month) with AB or AP were examined for physiologic phimosis and allocated by the preputial retractibility into the non-retractile group (n=59) or the retractile group (n=31). Topical steroid therapy [topical application of hydrocortisone (0.1%) cream with physiotherapy] were prescribed (three times a day) and the method of preputial hygiene (gentle retraction of prepuce and water cleansing) was instructed to the non-retractile group. After 2-4 weeks, the preputial retractibility was reevaluated and urine examination was repeated. To the retractile group, only the method of preputial hygiene was instructed and urine examination was repeated two weeks later. Results : Among 90 boys with AB and AP, 65.6% (59/90) had the nonretractile prepuces and nonperformed preputial hygiene. In the nonretractile group, the prepuces became retractile in 81.4% (48/59) after topical steroid therapy. Among boys (n=48) whose prepuces became retractile after topical steroid therapy, AB or AP resolved in 77.1%, decreased in 18.7% and persisted in 4.2%, which were significantly different to 18.2%, 2.37%, 54.5% in boys (n=11) whose prepuces were persistently nonretractile (P=0.0114). In the retractile group (n=31), 65.2% was compliant to preputial hygiene. In boys (n=23) who were compliant to preputial hygiene, AB or AP resolved in 65.2%, decreased in 26.0% and persisted in 8.2%, which were significantly different to 12.5%, 50%, 37.5% in boys (n=8) who were not compliant (P=0.0457). Conclusion : Physiologic phimosis was an important cause of AB or AP. Simple topical steroid therapy on the nonretractile prepuces and good preputial hygiene could improve AB or AP.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.42-47
• /
• 1999

Phorbol ester, growth factors activities are mediated by unclear transcription factors, the c-Fos and c-Jun, which can regulate transcriptional activation through specific DNA sites and by forming the transcription factor AP-l, which usually mediates cell proliferation and differentiation signals. We explored effects of Pini Folium extract (API-l) on AP-l activity. Western blot analysis confirmed that API-l decreased levels of c-Fos or c-Jun protein induced by the tumor promoter Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 200 nM). Transient transfection assays with a c-fos promoter reporter construct showed that API-l decreased transcription activity by ore than 50~60%. However, treatment of API-l activity studied further. The main substances were fractionated into dichloromethane layer. Futhermore, API-l extract repressed the [$^3H$]-thymidine uptake in C6 glioma cells, indicating that this extract could be included in a new type of modulator in the mitogenesis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.258-267
• /
• 1998

The acetaminophen (AP AP), an antipyretic and analgesic agent, induces the hepatotoxicity by increasing influx of calcium and destabilizing the cellular membrane which can be caused by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine generated by cytochrome P-450 (CYF-450) when it is overdosed. Diltiazem (DIL), a calcium channel blocking agent, has been known to suppress the CYF-450 activities. To study the effect of DIL in APAP treated rats, the serum biotransformational enzyme analyses and the liver histopathologic examination were conducted on the rats which had been administered DIL at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after the 3,000 mg/kg of APAP administration. Following a single dose of DIL administered 12 hours after AP AP administration, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, malondialdehyde and calcium contents of liver and microsome were significantly reduced. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly increased. Histopathologic studies showed that DIL had prevented the development of centrilobular necrosis induced by AP AP in liver tissue. Our results suggested that diltiazem could inhibit the formation of free radical and the influx of calcium and could increase GST activity. Therefore, diltiazem can be administered at the time of 12 hours after overdosed AP AP to diminish the liver damage.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.323-344
• /
• 1999

First, having noticed that the paper on which the Mugujongkyong from the Sokgat'ap was Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold, produced under the Tochim process, it is confirmed that the paper used for printing the Mugujongkyong form the Sokgat'ap was Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold produced in Shilla, by introducing the common fact that the papers on which : written in 755 A.D.) and in Soochung-sokt'ap Hwaomasa were written were the same paper fabricated by the Tochim process. Therefore it is proved that the printing place of the Mugujongkyong from the Sokgat'ap was also Kyongju region in Shilla. Furthermore it is proved that the year of storing Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold n which tarani of the Mugujongkyong was written was circa 705 A.D., provin12g that Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold was in production in Shilla in 8th Century. Also by confirming the fact that very thin -- mere 0.019mm thick -- Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold was in production in Shilla in 8th Century, it is proved that Shilla has ability to produce Broussonetia Kazinoki Siebold for Woodblock printing purpose. Second, concerning the Muju Characters written in the ugujongkyong from the Sokgat'ap, mixed use of the Muju Characters was noticeable in written in 755 A.D. from the Sooch'ungsokt'ap at the Hwaomsa written in the same era and the Tripitaka Koreana in Japan was printed in 690's A.D. because of appearance of the Muju Characters in the Saddhamapun-darika is erroneous.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2003

Osteoblasts are affected by TNF-${\alpha}$ overproduction by immune cells during inflammation. It has been suggested that functional $NF-{\kappa}B$ sites are involved in TNF-${\alpha}$-induced bone resorption. Thus, we explored the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), which potently blocks the activation of nuclear factor $(NF-{\kappa}B)$, on the induction of TNF-${\alpha}$-induced activation of JNK/SAPK, AP-1, cytochrome c, caspase and apoptosis in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. Pretreatment of the cells with PDTC blocked TNF-${\alpha}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. TNF-${\alpha}$-induced activation of AP-1, another nuclear transcription factor, was suppressed by PDTC. The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, implicated in the regulation of AP-1, was also down regulated by PDTC. TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptosis, release of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase-3 were abolished by PDTC. TNF-${\alpha}$-induced apoptosis was partially blocked by Ac-DEVD-CHO, a caspase-3 inhibitor, suggesting that caspase-3 is involved in TNF-${\alpha}$-mediated signaling through $NF-{\kappa}B$ in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. Thus, these results demonstrate that PDTC, has an inhibitory effect on TNF-${\alpha}$-mediated activation of JNK/SAPK, AP-1, cytochrome c release and subsequent caspase-3, leading to the inhibition of apoptosis. Our study may contribute to the treatment of TNF-${\alpha}$-associated immune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases.