• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.543-551
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• 2016

The study was aimed at investigating the relationship between biomechanical properties of cervical muscles and smartphone addiction score in fifty healthy males using smartphone more than 60 minutes each day. The usage of smartphone was evaluated by smartphone addiction survey developed from Korean International Society Agency. Biomechanical properties of three major cervical muscles; splenius capitis, sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius, were measured by Myoton, and conducted five parameters; frequency, decrement, stiffness, creep, and relaxation time. As results, all parameters had less than 2% of coefficient of variation(CV) between measurement intervals. Also, intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) indicated a high reliability(ICC>.9, p<.01). Moreover, the smartphone addiction score was significantly different in frequency(r=.353, p<.05) and stiffness(r=.346, p<.05) on upper trapezius; in addition, in decrement(r=-.284, p<.05) and creep(r=.288, p<.05) on sternocleidomastoid. Especially, splenius capitis was closely related with the overuse of smartphone(frequency, r=-.368, p<.01; decrement, r=-.405, p<.01; stiffness, r=-.424, p<.01). In conclusion, this study implied that the overuse of smartphone is significantly related with the damage of cervical muscles, cervical pain, and headache; furthermore, Myoton can be used as an effective device to assess mechanical properties of cervical muscles.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.991-997
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• 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to muscle properties analysis of SCM(sternocleidomastoid) Muscle according to posture type when using smartphone. Methods. This study was conducted on 73 college students who are using smartphone. Subjects were analyzed myotonPRO to confirm, prone posture group, stand posture group, drop head above $45^{\circ}$in sit posture on a chair group and drop head below $45^{\circ}$in sit posture on a chair group were measured SCM muscle. The myotonPRO were measured one measurer, total 3 times. Comparative analysis of the each groups were investigated of SCM muscle properties. Results. We found that Frequency, Stiffness, Creep and Relaxation were appeared difference in each posture. F index was increased at drop head below $45^{\circ}$group than stand posture group. S index was increased at drop head above $45^{\circ}$group than prone posture group. C index was decreased at drop head below $45^{\circ}$group and drop head above $45^{\circ}$group than prone posture group. R index was decreased at drop head above $45^{\circ}$group than prone posture group. Conclusions. The muscle properties were appeared difference in each posture of SCM muscle using smartphone.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of combined postural correction exercises (CPCE) on muscle stiffness and muscle activity in children with cerebral spastic diplegia(CSD). The subjects were 3 children (2 male and 1 female) with CSD from 4 to 7 years old. The measurement sites were upper trapezius muscle(UT), rectus abdominis muscle(RA), and gluteus maximus muscle(Gmax), muscle stiffness and muscle activity were measured using Myoton and surface EMG, and the symmetry of both sides was also examined. As a result, children with severe compensatory action showed decreased muscle stiffness and muscle activity in UT and RA and increase in Gmax after CPCE intervention. Especially, the left and right symmetry of the muscles was decreased. In this study, despite some limitations, CPCE have shown a positive effect in posture correction of children with CSD.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effects of using the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) contract-relax technique in the close kinetic chain position on the gait ability and gastrocnemius muscle tone of stroke patients. Methods: The subjects were patients who had strokes due to cerebrum infarction and hemorrhage. The subjects participated in exercise with the PNF contract-relax technique in the standing-on-elbow position with a high table, and the affected lower leg was placed in the posterior position. The PNF contract-relax technique was applied at the position in which the ankle plantar-flexors were in a sufficiently elongated position. After performing twice in each range, while the muscle was elongated, the affected side was moved further back and a new range was set. In each session, the time of contraction was set to 8 seconds, and the resting time was set to 5 seconds; however, if the patient felt tired, they received more resting time during the intervention. The Myoton Pro and 10 m walking test were used to measure the muscle tone and gait ability both pre- and post-intervention. Results: After participating in the program, the muscle tone decreased and the gait ability improved in the ankle plantar-flexors, as determined by the Myoton Pro and 10 m walking test. Conclusion: The PNF contract-relax technique can help to decrease muscle tone in ankle plantar-flexors with hypertonus and increase the gait ability in stroke patients.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on the thera-tainment intervention method and to relieve dysmenorrhea by identifying the effects of silver spike point therapy on menstrual pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness among 30 women in their 20s. The subjects had a regular menstrual cycle, had a visual analog scale score of more than 4 for dysmenorrhea pain, and did not have any gynecological disease. SSP therapy was applied for 20 minutes on San-Yin-Jiao on the first day of their menstrual cycles. Muscle tone and stiffness were measured with Myoton before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 3 hours after treatment. SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the collected data. Using Friedman test, muscle tone and stiffness were measured before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 3 hours after treatment. The results indicate that after treatment dysmenorrhea pain steadily decreased and muscle tension and stiffness decreased significantly. This shows that using SSP therapy is effective on reducing primary dysmenorrhea and improving women's health care. This shows that using SSP therapy is effective at reducing primary dysmenorrhea and improving women's health care.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effect of sling-applied plank exercise on the frequency, stiffness, and decrement of the rectus abdominis and longissimus muscles of the trunk according to the stability of the base of support. Methods: Thirty-three young adults volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to one of three groups (SS, stable support; LES, lower extremity support; and ULES, upper and lower extremity support) according to the stability of the base of support. The muscular properties of the rectus abdominis and longissimus muscles during sling-assisted plank exercise according to the stability of the base of support. were measured by using Myoton PRO (Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia). Statistical analysis was performed MANOVA to determine the effect of sling-assisted plank exercise on the muscular properties of the rectus abdominis and longissimus muscles according to the stability of the base of support. Post hoc analysis was conducted using Bonferroni. The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: When comparing the muscular properties, the muscle frequency and stiffness of the left rectus abdominis of ULES were significantly decreased compared to that of SS (p < 0.05). In the measurement time, the muscle frequency and the muscle stiffness of the right rectus abdominis increased significantly after the intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the more unstable the base of support (ULES), the higher the exercise strength, and the muscle frequency and stiffness decreased on the rectus abdominis at rest.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2024

This study utilized the non-invasive MyotonPRO^® device to analyze the stiffness in breast muscles of commercial broilers (Ross 308 and Arbor Acres) and compared these findings with data reported for Ross 708, where Woody Breast (WB) symptoms had been previously documented. The research revealed that Ross 308 and Arbor Acres displayed relatively lower stiffness values compared to Ross 708, suggesting a lack of WB expression. These results indicate differentiation in breast muscle traits across strains and underscore the necessity for further research into factors influencing WB manifestation. The study also measured additional muscle tone characteristics such as Frequency, Decrement, Relaxation, and Creep across various growth stages (2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks), finding significant variations with pronounced severity at weeks 2 and 8. An increase in stiffness was observed as the broilers aged, pointing to potential growth-related or stress-induced changes affecting WB severity. A strong positive correlation was established between increased breast meat weight and WB severity, highlighting that heavier breast meat could exacerbate the condition. This correlation is vital for the poultry industry, suggesting that weight management could help mitigate WB effects. Moreover, the potential for genetic selection and breeding strategies to reduce WB occurrence was emphasized, which could aid in enhancing management practices in commercial poultry production. Collectively, these insights contribute to a deeper understanding of WB in broilers and propose avenues for future research and practical strategies to minimize its impact.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2018

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of changing the tilt angle of the exercise bed on physiological characteristics of trapezius, multifidus, and hamstring muscle function. Methods: Twenty elderly who complains of back and lumbar pain or discomfort participated in this study (average age: $64.70{\pm}4.55$ years). The physiological characteristics, including muscle tone (F), dynamic stiffness (S), and elasticity (D) of trapezius, multifidus, and hamstring muscles were measured by a Myoton device at three tilt angles (0, 15, and 30 degrees) during exercise. Results: The muscle tone, dynamic stiffness, and elasticity of the right trapezius and left hamstring muscle showed significant differences (p<0.05) according to exercise bed tilt angle, while the other muscles showed no significant differences. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that physiological characteristics of the upper and lower extremity muscles are affected ipsilaterally, according to the tilt angles of the exercise bed.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1468-1474
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• 2018

The purpose of the study was to investigate the immediate effects of negative pressure soft tissue therapy on muscle tone, muscle stiffness and balance in patients with stroke. In total, 20 patients with stroke and assigned to the negative pressure soft tissue therapy group (NPST, n=10) or, placebo-negative pressure soft tissue therapy group(Placebo-NPST, n=10). Both groups underwent NPST or placebo-NPST once a day during the experimental period. MyotonPRO was used to assess the parameters for muscle tone and stiffness. Biorescue was used to assess the parameters for balance. Each group showed improvements in muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and balance ability (p<.05). Especially, Muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and anterior length in the limit of stability were the significant improvement on NPST group (p<.05). The results of the study suggest that the NPST is effective in improving muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and balance ability in patients with stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of crocodile breathing exercise on pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness of non-specific low back pain patients. METHODS: The subjects were 37 patients with nonspecific low back pain. The patients were divided into two groups. The experimental group (EG) performed crocodile breathing exercise and the control group (CG) performed chest expansion breathing exercise. The intervention was conducted for 10 minutes every day for a total of eight weeks. Pain was measured using a VAS. Muscle tone and stiffness were measured using Myoton PRO. Two points were measured for muscle tone and muscle stiffness. They were measured at 30mm from the spinous process of the L1 and T10 vertebra. RESULTS: Pain, muscle tone and muscle stiffness at the T10 level showed a significant decrease in both EG and CG. Muscle tone and muscle stiffness in the L1 level area decreased significantly in the experimental group but the control group did not show any difference. The only statistically significant difference was observed in the L1 muscle tone between the pre and post intervention values. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Crocodile breathing is a good method for managing pain, muscle tone, and muscle stiffness in non-specific low back pain patients.