• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2009

We monitored 38 hibernation sites of Myotis formosus in South Korea and recorded the number of bats occupying each site and assessed the micro-climate at the sites during four winters from 2005 to 2009 at. The mean rock temperature of the bat roosting sites was $13.2{\pm}1.4^{\circ}C$ and the mean body temperature of the hibernating bats was $13.3{\pm}1.3^{\circ}C$. The number of hibernating bats was negatively related to the size of the entrance and positively related to the minimum ambient temperature and humidity in the site interior. More bats hibernated in roosts with smaller entrances and higher minimum ambient temperatures, and more bats selected sites presenting a narrow temperature range. This study showed that the internal environments of hibernacula of M. formosus were highly stable despite dramatic variation in the external environment.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.411-421
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• 2017

Understanding the need for temperature regulation, behavior, and ecology of hibernating bats provides the possibility of conservation and management for target species. Our objective in this study was to improve understanding of the population trend and ecological requirement in Myotis formosus population in South Korea. From 2007 to 2016, total of 58 hibernacula for Myotis formosus were found across the country. Of the 58 hibernating sites of Myotis formosus, 86% (n=49) were abandoned mines and 14% (n=8) were natural caves. During the survey period, 28 (5%) bats of total 570 bats were observed in natural caves (n=8) and 542 (95%) bats were observed in abandoned mines (n=49). The internal environments of hibernacula of M. formosus were highly stable despite dramatic variation in the external environment. Specifically, we examined the population trend of the endangered bat Myotis formosus in South Korea by long-term monitoring for hibernation sites. The population trend of endangered species M. formosus showed a marked stable in hibernating population. Our results indicate that a tightly collected long-term data set may help to establish the initial approximation of population trends and manage to threats for the endangered bat species.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.173-192
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• 1990

A taxonomic review of four Myotis species (M. formosus tsuensis , M. macrodactylus, M. daubentonii ussuriensis and M. nattereri bombinus) belonging to the Vespertilionidae was carried out. based on the external and skeletal (cranium, mandible and humerus ) morphology. The queston whether M. nattereri inhabiting Korea and eastern Siberia is a good separate subspecies (M. nattereri amurensis ) or a synonym of M. nattereri bombinus has remained unsolved. Through a detaile dexaminatin of Koreaan and Japanese speciemens, the author follows the concept of Wallin (1969) who has regarded M. nattereri amurensis as a synonym for M. nattereri bombinus.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2016

We investigated structure and intensity of 267 echolocation calls that were collected from the five Korean Myotis species (M. nettereri, M. petax, M. ikonnikovi, M. macrodactylus and M. formosus). All the Myotis species produced typical FM call pattern with similar echolocation call shapes and outer shapes, producing steep, downward frequency-modulated calls. A pulse has two harmonies, which consist of the first harmony with wider bandwidth and the second harmony with narrower bandwidth. The PF of the first harmony is higher than that of the second harmony. The typical FM call structure, with two harmonies and wide bandwidth, might be highly related to fast flying and wide screening in the dense forests. In classification of the echolocation calls by DFA, most of calls from the five species could be well correctly classified. All calls of M. nettereri (100% of 17 calls), M. formosus (95.5% of 22 calls) and M. ikonnikovi (85.7% of 70 calls) could be well discriminated from those of the other species, whereas calls of M. petax and M. macrodactylus could be discriminated by 70.4% of 98 calls and 76.7% of 60 calls, respectively. Our results indicate that the five Korean Myotis species can be well identified by the echolocation calls with high correct classification by DFA.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.258-272
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• 2014

Bats hibernating in caves and unused mines were surveyed during six hibernation periods (from December to February, 2005 and 2011) in Korea. We recorded 13,288 individuals of 11 species at 140 hibernacula (60 caves and 80 abandoned mines): Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (n=3,509), Eptesicus serotinus (n=6), Hypsugo alaschanicus (n=349), Miniopterus fuliginosus (n=5,919), Murina hilgendorfi (n=417), Myotis aurascens (n=294), Myotis bombinus (n=2), Myotis formosus (n=401), Myotis macrodactylus (M.mac, n=151), Myotis petax (n=2,131) and Plecotus ognevi (n=109). We studied the thermal preference and selection of hibernacula of seven dominant bat species. Four species (Myotis petax, Hypsugo alaschanicus, Plecotus ognevi and Murina hilgendorfi) hibernated mainly at the cold site below than $7^{\circ}C$, while three species (Myotis formosus, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Miniopterus fuliginosus) hibernated at warm site above than $7^{\circ}C$. Rhinolophus ferrumequinum had broad-ranged temperature zone for their hibernating site. The mean body temperature of each species was $2.64{\pm}0.98^{\circ}C$ for Murina hilgendorfi, $2.76{\pm}1.68^{\circ}C$ for Hypsugo alaschanicus, $2.78{\pm}0.98^{\circ}C$ for Plecotus ognevi, $4.52{\pm}1.02^{\circ}C$ for Myotis petax, $7.83{\pm}1.94^{\circ}C$ for Miniopterus fuliginosus, $9.19{\pm}2.35^{\circ}C$ for Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and $13.64{\pm}0.76^{\circ}C$ for Myotis formosus, respectively. The body temperatures of hibernating bats were closely related to the rock surface temperatures rather than the ambient temperatures. In conclusion, the diversity of bats community in hibernacula were closely related to the range of inner ambient temperature of hibernacula, and more species of bats were occupied at sites presenting a broad range of ambient temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.394-402
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the bat (Chiroptera) fauna in Jeju Island. Bat distribution was monitored in lava tubes, sea caves, cave encampments and eco-corridors from July, 2006 to June, 2015. Bat specimens were also confirmed at the museums in Jeju Island. From the present study, we found 8 species of 6 genera belong to 3 families, which was different from the records had previously described in Jeju Island since 1928. Five species (Rhinolophus ferrumequium, Myotis bombinus, M. formosus, M. macrodactylus and Miniopterus schreibersi) were commonly found to live in lava tubes and cave enforcements. But only R. ferrumequium was found in a sea cave and five species including Murina leucogaster and Pipistrellus abramus were found in eco-corridors. We have also found seven species including Tadarida insignis in the specimens stored in local museums. From the results of this study, we actually could not found the remaining seven species (Hypsugo savii, Miniopterus fuscus, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis ikonnikovi, Myotis branditii, Myotis petax and Pipistrellus endoi). Interestingly, Myotis formosus which is known as one of endangered species and Myotis bombinus which is very rare in Korean Peninsula were currently found in Jeju Island. In addition, Tube-nosed bat (Murina leucogaster) that was discovered for the first time through this study. A variety of habitats for Chiroptera were identified, but the information is still not sufficient to understand. These results will be useful to provide a fundamental data in preserving the diversity of bats and in ecological study in Jeju Island.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 1996

To understand whether the bats inhabiting in Korea play role as hosts harboring Hantavirus that cause acute febrile diseases, a total number of 802 bats of 9 species were collected from seven provinces in Korea from 1989 to 1995 and tested for the presence of antibodies to Hantavirus by means of immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) technique. The results are summarized as follow. 1. Total 802 captured bats were classified into 9 different species with the following distribution. They were Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Eptesicus serotinus, Miniopterus sehreibersii, Vespertilio superans, Myotis mystatinus, Murina leucogaster, Myotis formosus, Myotis macrodactylus and Plecotus auritus with numbers and rates of 423 (52.74%), 291 (36.28%), 47 (5.86%), 28 (3.49%), 8 (1.00%), 1 (0.12%) and 1 (0.12%), respectively. The predominant species of the bats was Rhinolophus ferrumequinum with 52.74% of the captured. 2. Among 9 species of bats, species of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Eptesicus serotinus were positive with Hantavirus antibody of strain numbers 76-118. The rate of antibody positive was 3.78%. 3. The seasonal differences of Hantavirus antibody in 802 bats tested were 5.83%, 4.17%, 3.67% and 0.64% in winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively. Again the highest viral antibody prevalence was detected in winter. It could be concluded through the study that certain species of bats inhabiting in Korea play a definite role as the host animals of certain species of Hantavirus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.51-52
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• 2016

Hodgson's bats are critically endangered in South Korea. This study analyzed the concentrations of elements in liver, kidney, and intestine tissues from a Hodgson's bat found dead in the wild. The concentrations of essential elements followed the order Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Se in the three tissues. Hg was detected at the highest concentrations among the non-essential elements analyzed in the liver and kidney tissues, while As was the most highly concentrated non-essential element in the intestine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of tissue element concentrations in Hodgson's bats.