• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2009

It is known that muzzle flash can be generated by the reaction between the oxygen in the air and unburned gunpowder contained in the propellant gas if a barrel is not long enough to burn gunpowder fully inside of the barrel. A hugh muzzle flash, which is a characteristic of small arms with short barrel length, disturbs a shooter in aiming at the target at night by making the shooter blind for a while and endangers the shooter's life by revealing firing position to enemies. In addition, the heat of muzzle flash can deteriorate the performance of thermal sights, which are attached to small arms for effective night combat. In this paper, flash suppressors of different shapes were designed for a newly developed 5.56mm caliber rifle with short barrel length and the performance of each flash suppressor to reduce the muzzle flash was compared by on-site test firing. Through the test firing, a highly efficient design of flash suppressor for reducing the muzzle flash was identified. The result of the paper can be referred when designing flash suppressors for small arms with short barrel length.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.1039-1043
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• 1996

In the firing operation, muzzle jumping phenomenon was investigated, and a method of reducing muzzle jump was suggested. The muzzle jumping force was determined from the torque acting on the rifle due to a recoil force. For the purpose of reducing a muzzle jump, the gas flowing through the M16A1 flash suppressor was considered. A flash suppressor, improved in reducing a muzzle imp, was modeled and tested. The experiment shows that muzzle jump has quantitative relation to shape of a flash suppressor, and can be reduced by the improved modeling of a flash suppressor.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.979-985
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• 2011

This paper includes that there are results of designing the flash hider and analyzing fluid dynamics of a front area of the barrel to shorten the length of small arms. Generally, the muzzle flash can be generated out of the barrel by the reaction between the oxygen in the air and unburned gunpowder contained in the propellant gas if a barrel is not long enough to burn gunpowder fully inside of the barrel. Though, the hugh muzzle flash, which is a characteristic of small arms with short barrel length, caused a soldier to aim at the target at night by making the soldier blind for a while and endangers his life by revealing firing position to enemies. Besides, the heat of muzzle flash can weaken the performance of thermal sights, which are attached to small arms for night battlefield. In this paper, flash hiders with several different shapes were designed for a newly developed 5.56mm caliber rifle with short barrel length. The performance of each flash hider to reduce the muzzle flash was compared theoretically and experimentally. Through the authorized test procedure, a highly efficient design of flash hider for reducing the muzzle flash was identified. The result of the paper can be helpful when designing flash hiders for small arms with short barrel length.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.16-23
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• 2011

Muzzle flash based on gunnery is the target that has huge energy. So, gunnery target in a long range over xx km is distinguishable in the IR(infrared) images, on the other hand, is not distinguishable in the CCD images. In this paper, we propose the classification method of gunnery targets in a infrared images and in a long range. The energy from gunnery have an effect on varous pixel values in infrared images as a property of infrared image sensor, distance, and atmosphere, etc. For this reason, it is difficult to classify gunnery targets using pixel values in infrared images. In proposed method, we take the profile of pixel values using high performance infrared sensor, and classify gunnery targets using modeling GMM and shape of profile. we experiment on the proposed method with infrared images in the ground and aviation. In experimental result, the proposed method provides about 93% classification rate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.700-709
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a novel method which can detect ordnance firing events in IR images. The proposed algorithm is comprised of effective target detection and robust clutter rejection methods based on the temporalspatial cooperative filter. And additional clutter reduction is performed based on the proposed two features, NTFF (Number of Temporal Filter Frames) and SNS(Size-Normalized Signal). Experimental results show the effectiveness and feasibilities of our proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.43-53
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• 2014

Gunnery has been used to detect and classify artilleries. In this paper, we used electro-optical data to get the information of muzzle flash from the artilleries. Feature based approach was applied; we first defined features and sub-features. The number of sub-features was 38~40 generic sub-features, and 2 model-based sub-features. To classify multiclass data, we introduced tree structure with clustering the classes according to the similarity of them. SVM was used for each non-leaf nodes in the tree, as a sub-classifier. From the data, we extracted features and sub-features and classified them by the tree structure SVM classifier. The results showed that the performance of our classifier was good for our muzzle flash classification problem.