• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.831-844
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• 2008

Since cooperatives consist of many distinct members in the management environment and characteristics, it is necessary to make similar cooperatives into a few groups for the effective risk management of cooperatives' mutuality bank. This paper is a priori research for suggesting a guidance for effective risk management of cooperatives with different management strategy. For such purpose, we propose a way to group the members of cooperative's mutuality bank. The 30 continuous variables which is relative to cooperatives' management status are considered and six factors are extracted from those variables through factor analysis with empirical consideration to avoid wrong grouping and to enhance the practical interpretation. Based on extracted six factors and additional 3 categorical variables, six representative groups are derived by the two step clustering analysis. These findings are useful to execute a discriminatory risk management and other management strategy for a mutuality bank and others.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.167-183
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in infant-mother interactions and to measure infant-mother interaction, mutuality, and reciprocity at the 2nd and 6th postnatal monthperiods. Infant-mother interaction was assessed in the mornings, afternoons, and evenings in the 2nd and 6th postnatal months, by filming unstructured free play in the home and analyzing 28 of these infant-mother film recordingsusing two trained observers. This study can be summarized in five points. First, the separate frequency distribution of each category in MIIBR's maternal behavior was as follows: the frequencies of vocalization category, the kinesthetic exercise & physical contact category, the physical caregiving category, and theuse of play tool category. These all showed changes in the 6th postnatal month compared to the 2nd postnatal month. Second, the separate frequency distribution of each category in MIIBR's infant behavior was as follows: the frequencies of physical behavior category, the vocalization category, and the play behavior category. These also all showed changes in the 6th postnatal month compared to the 2nd postnatal month. Third, the mutuality and reciprocity of mother interaction decreased in the 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. Fourth, mutuality and reciprocity in the infant interaction increased in 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. Fifth, mutuality and reciprocity in the infant-mother interaction increased in 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. In conclusion, it is evident that infant-mother interactions change over time. This study bears particular significance in setting a foundation for the theoretical basis of the interaction between infant and mother by observation.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.197-222
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to investigate the determinants of trust between the producer and the distributor, focusing on relational norms (mutuality, flexibility, and solidarity) and environmental munificence, in agricultural marketing channels. More specifically, followings are investigated in cucumber marketing channels ; (a) the effects of environmental munificence on relational norms, and (b) tile effects of relational norms on trust. The major findings of this study are as follows ; (1) The cucumber producers' perceived output sector munificience positively affected the mutuality and solidarity of the relational norms. (2) The mutuality and solidarity of the relational norms positively affected the trust. Therefore, the efficient marketing transaction system, mutual efforts for a fair regard between producers and middlemen, and the development of sound moral and trading custom are required in the Korean agricultural market. And also the active roles of government to develop the infrastructure of agricultural marketing and the proper roles of agricultural cooperatives to keep transaction activity fair should be clarified and proactively conducted.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.363-370
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• 2004

This Paper presents the response force distribution factor(RDF) and its application to recalculation of member forces in case of partial changes of structures. Using RDF, the mutuality of response forces between members can be estimated. The reanalysis technique recalculates directly any displacement or member force under consideration in real time without a full reanalysis in spite of local changes in member stiffness or connectivity using RDF. It is expected that RDF and the reanalysis technique can be used to develop efficient analysis techniques for tall buildings.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study how flexibility and mutuality in determining trade terms impact logistics efficiency in the context of relational theory. Additionally, the effect of relational contracts on logistical efficiency relative to the value of the goods being traded is investigated. Design/methodology - According to the relational contract theory, we developed 17 factors utilizing a 7-point Likert scale to measure variables related to flexibility, mutuality, logistics efficiency, and the added value of goods. The survey occurred over four months, and was distributed directly, and via email, phone, and online Google surveys. A total of 403 surveys were collected out of 1,800 distributed, and 380 were analyzed. The principal respondents were import/export companies and members of the Korea International Trade Association and the Korea Small and Medium Business Export-Import Association. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and correlation analysis using SPSS ver. 26.0 statistical software, and hypothesis test results were derived using Process Macro ver. 3.5. Findings - This study provides evidence that negotiation flexibility for trade terms affects the efficiency of the logistics process, and the mutuality of such arrangements is shown to be associated with the flexibility and efficiency of logistics processes. Additionally, it has been established that companies whose trade goods possess a low degree of added value may experience increased efficiency in logistics operations if they agree to trade terms that are both flexible and mutually beneficial with their counterparts. Originality/value - This study suggests that in an environment of rapidly shifting global logistics and unpredictable related costs, trade companies may be able to improve logistics efficiency by establishing flexible, mutually beneficial trade terms when entering into contracts. Furthermore, it is suggested that companies dealing in low-value-added products may improve the logistical performance of approaching trade from a perspective of relational contracts.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.239-258
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• 1996

This study deals with the measurement of relational norms, a safeguard for sustained exchange relationshipsim marketing channel systems. Here, the relational norm items are hypothesized to have a second-order factor model, in which mine observed items originate from the three first-order factors and the first order factors in turn originate from a second-order factor. The three first order construe comprising a higher order norm are mutuality(equity in the distribution of benefits and burdens over the course of the exchange on a long term basis), flexibility(expectation of friendly adaption for possible circumstance changes), and solidarity (the degree to which the preservation of the unique and continuing relationship is internalized by the exchange partners as being important in and of itself). 113 research questionnaires are obtained from four industries such as construction, telecommunication, iron, and electric ＆ electronic industries, Reliability and nomological. discriminant validity are tested, and in using the confirmatory factor analysis of Lisrel 7.16, and the chi-square difference test it is tested which has a better satisfactory fit to the data, the first-order model or the second-order one. The results of this study indicates that relational norms have a second order construct. In the electric and electronic industry the model as a while has a satisfactory fit to the data and the relevant first- and second-order factor loading to the mutuality is not significant. Same Results are happened to the flexibility in the telecommunication industry and to the mutuality and flexibility in the inn industry. In sum, the model lends support to our construct, but it is difficult to apply the measurement model to all kinds of industries.

• 산업공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.306-319
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to study customer-supplier relationships, particularly their partnerships, to help managers and practitioners successfully design, develop, implement and deploy tools and joint practices as a means for an effective supply chain management (SCM). To achieve this purpose, a total of 1,811 potential survey questionnaire respondents responsible for purchasing, sales/marketing, quality-, and production- or operations-related functions of U.S. private manufacturing companies in SIC 35, 36, and 37 were used to collect quantitative data. Using 172 usable survey questionnaire responses, eight hypothesized relationships were tested using two independent (joint use of specific tools and joint practices) and four dependent variables (informed partners, role integrity, conflict resolution, and mutuality). From the overall perspective (customer+supplier), organizations with higher levels of joint action have higher degrees of informed partners whereas organizations with higher levels of joint action resolve conflicts formally and do not have higher degrees of mutuality.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.799-812
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• 2010

최근 소매금융시장에 제1금융권의 진출로 인해 그동안 제2금융업의 주된 영역이었던 서민층과 개인고객 중심의 소매금융시장에서도 경쟁이 가속화되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 상황에서 생존을 위해 가장 핵심적인 요소는 고객만족을 통해 고객의 이탈을 방지하고 우수고객을 유치하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 고객만족경영이 가장 핵심적 생존전략으로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 상황에서 수협 상호금융업을 중심으로 서민층 중심의 소매금융업에서의 고객만족 요소가 무엇인지 확인하고, 조사를 통해 고객만족도, 충성도, NPS(NPS)를 산출한다. 이를 바탕으로 CS Portfolio분석을 통해 고객만족 제고를 위한 전략적 개선 요인을 도출하여 고객만족 경영을 위한 전략적 추진 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

• 광고학연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.57-90
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 한국 정부-국민 간 정책소통지수를 개발하고 정책 유형별 정책소통지수의적용을 통해 정책소통의 차원과 중요성을 평가하는데 있다. 대화커뮤니케이션을 이론적배경으로 하여 한국 정부-국민 간 정책소통지수를 개발하기 위해 2단계를 거쳐 지수를 정화하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 확보했다. 1단계에서는 문헌연구와 전문가 심층인터뷰를 거쳐서 정책소통구성요소를 도출하였고, 2단계에서는 일반인을 대상으로 한 서베이를 실시하여 확인적 요인분석과 구조방정식 모형분석을 통해 신뢰도와 타당도를 확보하였다. 최종 확정된 정책소통지수는 상호성과 개방성의 2개 차원을 지니며 상호성은 6개의 하위차원, 개방성은 3개의 하위차원을 지닌것으로 나타났다. 정책소통지수의 상호성과 개방성 차원은 정책유형별로 다르게 나타났는데 분배정책인 문화정책 소통에 있어서는 상호성 차원이 강하게 나타난 반면 재분배정책인 교육정책소통에 있어서는 개방성 차원이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 정부조직과 국민간의 대화커뮤니케이션에 초점을 맞추어 정책소통지수를 개발하고 정책유형별로 정책소통지수의 영향력을검증한 실증 연구로서 의미를 지니며, 정책소통의 차원을 이해함으로써 전략적 정책홍보에 적용가능성을 제시한데 실무적 함의가 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.625-632
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• 2003

가상 사설망에 계층간에 사용하는 프로토콜이 각기 다르다. 네트워크 상에서 정보의 상호 교환은 기밀성과 무결성의 확보가 중요하다. 그러나 보안 방식에 따른 여러 형태의 장비들에 따른 프로토콜의 다양화로 인해 호환성과 가용성에 따르는 문제점이 있다. 그래서 정보의 암호화와 인증을 통해서 전송이 이루어진다면 제 3자의 공격으로부터 안전할 수 있다. 그러므로 가상사설망(VPN) 시스템 통한 터널링을 통해서 계층간 상호교환의 전송이 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 인증된 공개키를 사용하여 계층2와 계층3에서 사용되는 각각의 프로토콜로서 정보가 전송될 경우 계층간의 성능분석 차이점을 파악하여 본다.