• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Purpose - This study analyzes economic relations and mutual influence in the global equipment manufacturing industry (EMI) and China's influence. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected from the World Input-Output Database (WIOT), looking at 16 countries. The sample time period was 2002-2011. Influence and motivation coefficients were calculated. Results - 1) China's EMI showed a very strong influence coefficient, even surpassing world industrial powers like Japan, the USA, Germany, and Korea. 2) As for influence on added-value, China's EMI motivation coefficient was ranked third in 2011, which meant it had a negligible effect on added-value. 3) From 2002 to 2011, both the influence and motivation coefficients of China's EMI rose. Conclusions - China's EMI has strong influence and motivation coefficients. It has a significant impact on the world EMI, especially on the total output of the global EMI. Additionally, during 2002 to 2011, the ranking of China's EMI motivation coefficient improved year over year, and its economic efficiency obviously improved. By 2011, China's EMI's international influence was second only to the US and Japan.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2012

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of awareness on the characteristics of a consumers' social commerce. This study examines whether the characteristics of social commerce influence the purchase intentions in accommodating these types of social commerce. Research design, data, methodology - The data for the study were collected and analyzed from a sample of 126 adult customers, comprising both males and females, using social commerce. The survey was conducted and the results aggregated through distributing a copy to each participant. For statistical analysis of the data collected, SPSS 18.0 statistical package was used. Results - The results can be summarized as follows. First, the perceptions about the characteristics of Social Commerce demonstrated a significant effect for attitudes. Second, the attitudes demonstrated positive effects on purchase intention. Third, the subjective norm affected the purchase intention. Fourth, perceived behavioral control influenced the purchase intentions. Conclusions - As a result, perceptions about the characteristics of Social Commerce may be seen in the positive effects on purchase intention. Using social commerce in the future, retailers would need to increase the scope of the study, through applying more diverse characteristics of Social Commerce.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2005

The results of a study of the coordination effect in stocking and promotional markdown policies for a supply chain consisting of a retailer and a discount outlet (DCO) are reported here. We assume that the product is sold in two consecutive periods: the Normal Sales Period (NSP) and the subsequent Promotional Markdown Sales Period (PSP). We first study an integrated supply chain in which managers in the two periods design a common system so as to jointly decide the stocking quantities, markdown time schedule, and markdown price to maximize mutual profit. Next, we consider a decentralized supply chain. An uncoordinated contract is designed in which decisions are decentralized to optimize the individual party's objective function. Here, three sources of system inefficiencies cause the decentralized system to earn a lower expected system profit than that in the integrated supply chain. The three sources are as follows: in the decentralized system the retailer tends to (1) stock less, and (2) keep a longer sales period, and the DCO tends to (3) stock fewer leftovers inventories and charge a higher markdown price. Finally, a numerical experiment is provided to compare the coordinated model with the uncoordinated model to explore factors that make coordination an effective approach.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.228-238
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects which applies teaching program that search solution to prevent global warming in middle school gifted class. This program of total 10 class was theoretical and experimental class and the students presented after collecting the synthetic data about climate-change and roleplayed what they debated to firm their country's opinion about Kyoto Protocol. Finally, students as policymaker made mock Kyoto Protocol by discussion. Impression papers and images about climate-changes was made by students in last class. In discussion of making up mock Kyoto Protocol, developed and developing nations had an argument about carbon dioxide emissions because of their economic benefits. In the course of allocating mutual $CO_2$ reduction, they needed yield and negotiation among nations. Although they mainly took passive position about $CO_2$ reduction, atmosphere that all the country make greater effort for the future global environment was formed. Like this, students had more concepts over climate change by making mock Kyoto Protocol. And they could equipped global scientific literacy and responsibility by participating in social decision making process of solving global environmental issues.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 1999

The fuse used in the high voltage distribution line often fails due to the active ionization caused by the strong electric field at fuse terminal. To suppress the ionization at the high voltage and high capacity current limiting fuse, the particle size and compactness of silica sand, the design, length, notch number and material of element, the diameter and length of fuse body must be considered carefully. However, these are not many proper which is treated with the inherent interrupting characteristics from many parameters at present. Because of these reasons, time and effort are needed to develop the new type fuse by the fuse designers in relation with the inherent characteristics from each of parameters. In this paper we choose 7 parameters with weight value based on study and experimentation and analyzed the characteristics of arcing period. In addition, we proposed the experimental method to experimentation and analyzed the characteristics of arcing period. In addition, we proposed the experimental method to extract the optimal design parameters with minimal effort as related the mutual effect from each of the parameters.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1996

최근 선박, 해양구조물, 항공기 및 원자력 플랜트 등 대형구조물의 사용조건이 극도로 가혹해짐에 따라 이들에 대한 신뢰성 및 안전성 보장이 심각한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 이들 대형구조물에 있어, 파손사례의 대부분은 어떤 형태로든 피로현상과 관련된 것으로서 수명 및 잔여수명의 예측과 함께 안정성 평가기술의 확립이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 그러나, 실제 대다수의 결함은 복수표면 균열 상태로 존재하며, 이들은 단일균열의 경우와는 달리 급속히 합체, 성장할 가능성이 높고 따라서, 관통수명 또한 짧아지며, 관통시 표면균열의 길이가 상대적으로 커져 불안정 파괴의 위험성도 그만큼 높아지게 된다. 본 연구에서는 평판 및 필릿 용접부에 존재하는 복수의 직렬표면균열을 대상으로 인접균열간 간섭효과, 합체현상을 고찰하여 피로균열 진전거동 및 피로수명 예측프로그램을 개발하고, 이를 기존의 실험결과와 비교, 평가하여 그 정도 및 실용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2007

The residential space of super high-rise buildings, having a form of a huge three-dimensional vertical city, affect the residents psychologically and qualitatively according to the line of flow. Because of these affects, the system of the line of flows is a very important factor. In this study, we recognize the super high-rise apartment's line of flow as a semantic network system based on case studies. And we also understand the mutual relationship by analyzing each space to recognize what effect it does on the residential environment. Furthermore, to bring up a better semantic network system for super high-rise apartment's line of flows is our goal. According to the case studies, the semantic network of the line of flow consists of 3 parts: the functional network, economical network and unit network. The functional network is composed of the 'need' and 'has', while the economical network includes variable walls that can be changed following the user's taste and eccentric positioned living rooms that protect personal privacy. Therefore the economical network started to appear while the personal value changed according to the improvement of the social condition. Finally, the unit network is a network that effects each unit that has ambiguous boundaries due to the appropriate arrangement between transitional spaces. And the unit network is based on the functional network.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.812-817
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• 2004

Recently drastic improvement of railway technology has been accompanied by the construction of very high-speed tracks. It should be noticed that Continuously Welded Rail(CWR) has played significant role in technical development of railway and that installation of CWR is now being scheduled on existing lines as well as newly-built lines. In general, interaction between CWR and bridge deck takes place on bridge section and additional axial force and displacement is to be developed owing to temperature and braking/acceleration forces. This interaction is known to be mainly governed by span organizations and arrangements of foot bearings. In common practice, movable bearing is stationed and designed on the assumption that it is not able to transfer the horizontal force of upper decks. However, it is well known that horizontal resistance is developed in movable bearings due to friction and that friction coefficient of movable bearing is ranged from 0.03 to 0.20 depending on the material of bearings and magnitude of reactions. Therefore, it is easily reasoned out that friction of movable bearing can influence the mutual behavior of CWR and bridge decks. Suggested in this study is to investigate the validity and efficiency of friction effect of movable bearings in controlling the axial force and displacement of CWR on continuous railway bridges.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

Small park in the community is a public asset that is commonly used by the residents daily and performs an important role to activate the community. The purpose of this study is to draw a small park plan through community participation. In concrete, this study tries to find out the demand of the residents about their small park plan, observe the changes in their demand in the process of debate and analyze the effect of the residents' participation. Small group workshop method was adopted in the study and three groups were set up and surveys were made in two stages. Two dimensional pictogram cards and three dimensional digital park formation tools were used. The results of workshop study indicated as follows: Firstly, residents wanted to have community farming garden, green house and flower garden to grow plants, natural walls and safe resting facilities. Secondly, individual and diverse opinions presented at first could be converted to common opinions through mutual exchanges of opinions in the process of debates. Thirdly, digital park formation program functioned well as an effective visual tool to draw the attention and quick responses of the residents and to reach an agreement. It is expected that the results of this study show the effectiveness of residents' participation tools in the process of drawing agreements in the community society that requires the residents' demands and agreement and this study will be usefully utilized in planning community spaces with residents' participation hereafter.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.513-525
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• 2019

In this work, an experimental research has been performed on Steel Fiber-Steel Reinforced Concrete (SFSRC)specimens subjected to four-point bending tests to evaluate the feasibility of mutual replacement of steel fibers and conventional reinforcement through studying failure modes, load-deflection curves, stiffness of characteristic points, stiffness degradation curves and damage analysis. The variables considered in this experiment included steel fiber volume percentage with and without conventional reinforcements (stirrups or steel fibers) with shear span depth ratios of S/D=2.5 and 3.5. Experimental results revealed that increasing the volume percentage of steel fiber decreased the creation and propagation of shear and bond cracks, just like shortening the stirrups spacing. Higher crack resistance and suturing ability of steel fiber can improve the stability of its bearing capacity. Both steel fibers and stirrups improved the stiffness and damage resistance of specimens where stirrups played an essential role and therefore, the influence of steel fibers was greatly weakened. Increasing S/D ratio also weakened the effect of steel fibers. An equation was derived to calculate the bending stiffness of SFSRC specimens, which was used to determine mid span deflection; the accuracy of the proposed equation was proved by comparing predicted and experimental results.