• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.817-822
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• 2000

A proper flashing light is expected to enhance microalgal biomass productivity and photosynthetic efficiency. The effect of flashing light on high-density Chlorella kessleri (UTEX 398) cultures was studied using light-emitting diodes. A frequency modulator was designed to flash LEDs, and the device successfully provided wide range of frequencies and various duty cycles of flashing. A relatively high frequencies of 10, 20 and 50 kHz were used in this study. These frequencies have very short flashing time ($2-50{\mu}s$), which corresponded to the time constant of the light reaction of photosynthesis. The specific oxygen production rates of photosynthesis under flashing light were compared with those under an equivalent continuous light in specially designed illumination cuvette. The specific oxygen production rates under flashing light were 5-25% higher than those under the continuous light. A range of cell concentration was discovered, where the benefit of flashing light was maximized. The photosynthetic efficiency was also higher under flashing light with frequencies of over 1 kHz, which was a clear indication of flashing light effect and the degree of mutual shading could by overcome by flashing lights, particularly at high-density algal cultures.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.117-136
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• 2016

External knowledge search is critical to expand the firm's knowledge base, increasing the innovation performance. However, prior literature has paid less scholarly attention on the boundary condition of the search activity. In particular, the few literatures on the contingency factors are either conceptual or focus on the firm characteristics such as resources and capability. In this regard, this study argues the negative moderating effect of knowledge protection and environmental uncertainty of a firm on the positive relationship between external knowledge search and innovation performance, because these contingency factors hamper the reciprocity and the mutual trust between the firm and its external partner that provides knowledge needed in the innovation process. The empirical analysis is based on the sample drawn from Korean Innovation Survey, provided by STEPI in Korea. The sample consists of 1,637 respondent firms that experienced product innovation during the survey period. We could find statistically supporting results for the negative moderating effect on the positive relationship between external knowledge search and innovation performance. This study extends the academic debate on the boundary conditions of external knowledge search and provides managerial implications for successful product innovation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-76
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• 2018

This paper studies the influence of the bilateral expansion of Korean and Chinese banks on performance. To conduct the empirical analysis, we select eleven Banks in South Korea and thirteen Banks in China over the 2000-2014 time frame. The main regression results are as followed. First, the sample bank's overseas subsidiaries have a significant effect on profitability and the profitability is somewhat deteriorates. Second, the sample bank's overseas branch and subsidiaries have a significant effect on the bank's risk. That is, the loan loss provision ratio is slightly increased but impaired loan ratio is highly decreased. Third, the sample banks' overseas branch and subsidiaries also have a significant effect on bank efficiency. The ratio of customer deposits per employee worsens somewhat but the gross loan per employee are increased. In conclusion, as time passes, bank profitability or efficiency from mutual expansion of Korean banks and Chinese banks seem to be improving somewhat, and this phenomenon is more prominent at Korean banks than at Chinese banks.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.291-304
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• 2011

Recently concern for subsea tunnels is increasing, The effect of high water pressure can not be ignored in the case of a deep subsea tunnel. Reinforcement like grouting is necessary for the stability of such a subsea tunnel. In this study, therefore, it was investigated how the water barrier and shear strength increment resulted from grouting had an effect on the stability of a subsea tunnel. To this end, two-dimensional hydromechanical coupled analyses were performed for a sensitivity analysis in terms of different range, permeability coefficient, and cohesion of grouting reinforcement for the rock classes I, III, and V with respect to RMR system. The mutual relationship between strength increment and water pressure increased by barrier effect due to grouting was investigated by analyzing the numerical results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.76-90
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• 2018

Despite the growing use of SNS and the increasing number of recruitment related to SNS, little research has been conducted between career preparation activities and relationship with SNS. Therefore, this study investigates the relationships among purpose of using instagram, flow of instagram and career preparation behavior using structural equation model, and by investigating the adjustment effect of the personal characteristic among them. To this end an online survey was conducted for students who want to be cabin crew. The results of this study show that motivation of using instagram had a positive and significant effect on flow of instagram, which in turn positively influenced career preparation behavior. Furthermore, it could be confirmed that there was a adjustment moderating effect on personal characteristic between purpose of using instagram and flow of using instagram. The results of this study suggest that the likelihood of recruitment for being cabin crew can be achieved by identifying mutual relationships among motivation of using instagram, flow of instagram, career preparation behavior, and personal characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.175-182
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• 2019

This study aims to identify causal variables by examining the mutual influences of community consciousness and life satisfaction. We used some data of KCYPS. A longitudinal study of 1952 adolescents selected as a sample was conducted using the Aautoregressive crossover delay model. The results of this study are as follows: First, it showed that life satisfaction is consistently affecting the later life satisfaction with the passage of time. Second, community consciousness showed that the previous community consciousness has a constant influence on the subsequent community consciousness as time passes. Third, the effect of previous life satisfaction on community consciousness was significant. Therefore, the cross-delay effect of life satisfaction on community awareness was stable with time. In other words, life satisfaction level was a causal variable that takes precedence over community consciousness, and the higher the life satisfaction of the previous time, the higher the level of community consciousness in the future. Fourth, the cross-delay effect of community consciousness on life satisfaction was not significant because community consciousness at previous time had no meaningful effect on life satisfaction at later time, so consciousness of community at previous time affects life satisfaction. This study provided some implications basing on this results.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.180-189
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to confirm the relationship between nursing students' nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence, and to clarify the mediating effect of moral sensitivity which has a mutual influence on nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence. Methods: The data collection for this study was conducted from January 23 to February 1, 2021 with junior and senior nursing students enrolled in five nursing departments in two regions. The data collected in this study were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics version 23.0 program. Results: Through this study, it was found that nursing professionalism (β=.47) and moral sensitivity (β=.32) acted as important influencing factors on the ethical decision-making confidence of nursing students, with an explanatory power of 31.2%. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a partial mediating effect of moral sensitivity in the relationship between the nursing professionalism and ethical decision-making confidence of nursing students, and the mediating effect coefficient of moral sensitivity was .16. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it is suggested to prepare a plan to increase ethical decision-making confidence and moral sensitivity when planning interventions to improve nursing professionalism in nursing students.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.77-85
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of the ASBR under critical conditions of solid-liquid separation, caused by extremely high solids concentration, for wider application of the ASBR to various wastes. The ASBRs and completely-mixed daily-fed control runs were operated using a municipal mixed sludge at 35$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$. Conversion of completely-mixed daily-fed reactor to sequencing batch mode and changes in HRT of all ASBRs were easily achieved without adverse effect, regardless of digestion temperature. Solids accumulation was remarkable in the ASBRs, and directly affected by settleable solids concentration of the feed sludge. Noticeable difference in solids-liquid separation was that flotation thickening occurred in the mesophilic ASBRs, while gravity thickening was a predominant solid-liquid separation process in the thermophilic ASBRS. Solids profiles at the end of thickening step dramatically changed at solid-liquid interface, and slight difference in solids concentrations was observed within thickened sludge bed. Organics removals based on subnatant or supernatant after thickening always exceeded 80% in all reactors. Thickened sludge volume and gas production of the ASBRs affected mutually. Gas production increased as thickened sludge accumulated, and continuous gas evolution during thickening could cause thickened sludge to expand or resuspend. Thickened sludge volume exceeding a predetermined withdrawal level resulted in loss of organic solids as well as biomass during withdrawal step, leading to decrease in gas production ind SRT. Such an adverse mutual effect was significant in gravity thickening, while it was not sensitive in flotation thickening. Changes in organic loading had no significant effect on organic removals and gas production after build-up of solids in the ASBRs.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.587-603
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• 1998

Being in Learning-accomplishing rate on mutual cooperation studies of small group by different class, we can find that the sujective class of high group is much more efficient than the compared class of high group and that the subjective class of low group is more efficient than the compared class of low group as times goes. Moreover, in analysis of all directions on mathematical attitude, high group appears to be a great efficient in all areas such as confidence, flexibility, reaction, value, etc. and low group seems to have a little effect, by comparing the subjective class with the compared class. A. The result of a scholastic ability test High group had a great effect in the result of the first (Number and an expression) and second(An equation of a figure) scholastic ability test. As the time of research goes, the difference of average between the subjective class and the compared class has increased. Low group had no effect in the result of the first (Number and an expression) and the second (An equation of figure) scholastic ability test. But the difference of average grade between the subjective class and the compared class proved to be some efficient as time goes. (the first test is 0.94 and the second test is 3.33)We can find that the result of the third test (An exponent and log function) turned out be efficient. B. The change of mathematical attitudeHigh group had a great effect in confidence(+1.21), fiexibility(+1.92), will(-0.06), curiosity(+2.64), reaction(+1.50), value(+1.44). Low group appeared to be a little efficient in comparison between the subjective class and compared class. the average of both the subjective class and the compared class in low group decreased if not the result of pre-test but in that of pose-test. Therefore, we can find that the difference between mathematics of maddle school and that of high school gets bigger in Low group.C. The result of a question examinationAfter this research, the reaction that It is helpful to studying accomplishm- ent is 33.7%, the reaction that It is not helpful is 14.7%. After all, this research appears to be a positive reaction. After this study, the change of studying will seems to be much more not in Low group but in High group.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.12.1-12.4
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest that compassion is used as a mechanism to improve immunity by activating people's parasympathetic nerves. Compassion is pity and heartbreak for the misfortune of others. The instinctive emotion of compassion is the basis for humans to achieve and develop society. This is also linked to the laws of nature and the factors of evolution that Kropotkin, famous for his "mutual assistance (mutualism)" that all things help each other. Compassion is an individual's instinctive emotion and at the same time a driving force for forming and developing society. If the Hopeful World (希望世上) performs Korean traditional music healing at a nursing home, first, it will have a positive healing effect on the elderly in the nursing home, who are the audience. Second, positive healing effects can also be expected from performers. The stronger the compassion, the greater the healing effect. Third, people who watch the performance also enjoy the healing effect. This seems to have brought about a synergistic effect by combining the feelings felt while looking at the excellent behavior felt by seeing the poor person. It seems that this effect can be named the compassion effect that developed the Mother Teresa effect. The Mother Teresa effect refers to a significant improvement in the body's immune function just by volunteering or seeing good things. By expanding this Mother Teresa effect, it can be inferred that a pitying heart, helping behavior, and being with good behavior will all help improve the human immune system. This can also be called the compassion effect. Therefore, we think having compassion activates the parasympathetic nerves, improving your mood, and increasing your immunity.