• International Journal of Contents
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

The music industry of the digital age has witnessed seemingly endless battles involving copyright. Though continuous efforts to strengthen copyright under romantic understating have benefited major actors in the industry, it has threatened creativity and net activism in the digital age. This study argues rhetoric used by the industry regarding how file sharing and digital environments hurt music sales is inadequate. It has enabled the industry and its major labels to embolden copyright and protective legislation with the government's support. This article will reveal that the issue surrounding copyright under the romantic notion is not an outdated one confined to the early era of digital music This article will argue that major players in the industry are repeating the old strategic approach of controlling the music market. This is achieved by limiting practices of music audiences and future creativity such as the creation of amateur content and emergence of new business models.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2023

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the implications of the metaverse on the music industry, focusing on copyright issues and potential solutions. It delves into the concept and characteristics of metaverse platforms, describing them as environments that immerse users in a variety of virtual experiences. A significant portion of the paper is dedicated to exploring music use and copyright infringement in the metaverse. It examines how users incorporate existing music into their content, often leading to legal challenges due to copyright infringement. The paper discusses the role of online service providers (OSPs) in this context and the legal implications of their actions. The paper also addresses the 'safe harbor' provisions for OSPs and examines the balance between protecting rights holders and limiting OSP liability. It highlights the challenges and limitations of copyright enforcement in the metaverse, especially given the unique nature of content on platforms such as Roblox. Finally, the article proposes solutions to simplify music licensing in the metaverse, suggesting a shift from property rules to liability rules and the establishment of Collective Management Organizations (CMOs) to streamline the licensing process and better protect copyright holders' interests.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2023

현대에 이르러 인터넷의 확산으로 인한 피해들이 매우 다양해지고 있다. 특히, 2008년 이후 K팝의 열풍으로 국내외 음악 시장의 다양해진 저작권 침해로 인한 피해는 인터넷 시장의 가장 큰 문제로 대두되고 있다. 그러나 계속 지능화되어 가는 이러한 범죄들을 해결하기 위한 경찰과 저작권 보호기관들의 인력은 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 공권력의 보완인력으로서 또, 음악저작권 침해 예방과 분쟁에서 피해자를 위한 합법적인 도움을 줄 수 있는 저작권 보호 기관의 대체인력으로서 공익적 탐정의 역할을 찾아보려 한다. 이 연구를 위해 먼저 음악저작권의 개념과 유형, 공익탐정의 개념, 음악저작권의 현황과 제도를 파악하고 보호기관의 제도운영 및 현황 분석과 문헌 고찰을 통하여 음악저작권 보호를 위한 탐정의 역할들을 찾아 보았다. 본 연구결과를 통해 음악저작권 보호라는 공익적 차원에서의 전문탐정의 역할이 앞으로 탐정 산업발전을 성장시키는데 좋은 토양이 될 수 있기를 바란다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

In this paper, in order to protect music copyrights, we propose a music identification system which is scalable to the number of pieces of registered music and robust to signal-level variations of registered music. For its implementation, we define the new concepts of 'music word' and 'music phoneme' as recognition units to construct 'music acoustic models'. Then, with these concepts, we apply the HMM-based framework used in continuous speech recognition to identify the music. Each music file is transformed to a sequence of 39-dimensional vectors. This sequence of vectors is represented as ordered states with Gaussian mixtures. These ordered states are trained using Baum-Welch re-estimation method. Music files with a suspicious copyright are also transformed to a sequence of vectors. Then, the most probable music file is identified using Viterbi algorithm through the music identification network. We implemented a music identification system for 1,000 MP3 music files and tested this system with variations in terms of MP3 bit rate and music speed rate. Our proposed music identification system demonstrates robust performance to signal variations. In addition, scalability of this system is independent of the number of registered music files, since our system is based on HMM method.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.59-81
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find a solution to disputes in the process of producing digital music sources. At present, the center of the world music market including the domestic market has been completely transformed from the tangible musical record market to the intangible sound source market. Due to these environmental changes, the music production process becomes industrialized and specialized, causing conflicts of interest among the individuals in the process. First of all, this study examined changes in the music market which is the background of the dispute, identified the problems of the process and suggested solutions while summarizing the meaning and role of each process of producing a sound source that may arise during the sound production process. This study covers plagiarism between producers, copyright infringement of the creator against assistant creator caused by the industrialization and division of the production environment, issues related to the rights of sound engineers whose role and importance become bigger as acoustic technology develops and music genres become more diverse, and vertical hierarchy due to the formation of oligopoly by several distributors with huge capital. As a result of the study, it was concluded that Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) system is suitable for solving these problems. Specific methods of using ADR include activation of the dispute settlement system of the Korea Copyright Commission, active use of the arbitration clause specified in the standard contract, and recalculation of labor costs and earnings from copyright through mutual negotiations. This paper can be differentiated from previous studies in that it studied overall problems that might arise in the process of digital music source production and suggested ADR utilization as the solution.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2021

The current settlement and distribution used in theme, background and signal music market other than conventional music is being carried out with either the comprehensive settlement method or the measured meter-rate settlement method in the payment process of collected user fees and compensation depending on the use-permission types. In this settlement and distribution process, however, the reliability issues are often being raised because of the difficulty of tracking rights due to changes in music source rights management information, etc, and the opaque settlement and distribution method itself. This paper proposes a new settlement and distribution platform using a blockchain for the reliable collection and distribution of copyright fees among music user group, monitoring organization group, trust organization group and copyright holders, based on the monitoring information of the theme, background and signal music usage. This platform also provides the transparency in settlement and distribution process among stakeholders through smart contract system.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2015

한국의 음악저작권은 신탁체제를 도입하고 있으며 대부분의 음악저작물들이 정부에서 승인한 신탁관리단체에 의해 관리되고 있다. 음악의 산업구조가 음반산업에서 온라인 음악시장위주로 변하면서 음악저작물에 대한 권익이 필요한 부분들이 늘어났다. 한국 정부는 시대적 요구 및 산업환경의 변화와 업계와 저작작들의 요구에 따른 징수체제를 계속적으로 개정하여 발표하였다. 그러나 실질적인 창작의 주체인 저작권자들의 수익분배가 제대로 이루어지지 못하고 있는 상황이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 저작권료 분배체제와 현황을 파악하고, 최근 논쟁의 중심에 있는 온라인 상에서 음원서비스에 대한 징수 체제인 정액제와 종량제를 고찰하여 창작자에 대한 저작권료 분배를 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 결과로 우선 정액제와 종량제는 아직도 창작자에 대한 권익이 타당하게 책정되지 못하고 있다. 그러므로 제도적 개선이 여전히 필요하다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1370-1376
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• 2008

최근 우리는 인터넷 상에서 여러 뮤직 콘텐츠를 쉽게 접할 수 있으며, 이를 음원 저작권의 허가 없이 개인의 목적에 따라 쉽게 사용하고 있다. 이것으로 인해 뮤직 콘텐츠 시장의 피해가 심각해지고 붕괴의 우려 또한 가지고 있다. 이에 따라 지적 재산권 보호법이 개정되고 지적 재산권 소유자의 소유권 행사가 시작되고 있다. 이는 그들의 지적재산권을 보호하기 위한 방법으로서, 본 논문에서는 음원에 대한 지적 재산 소유권자와 이를 이용하려는 사용자간의 문제를 해결하고 뮤직 콘텐츠의 새로운 시장을 형성하고자 본 연구를 진행한다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1228-1236
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• 2019

Recently, media platforms such as YouTube and Twitch provide services that can generate personal revenue by utilizing media content produced by individuals. In this regard, interest in the copyright of media content is increasing. In particular, in the case of an audio source, competition for securing audio source copyright is fierce because it is an essential element for almost all media content production. In this paper, we propose a method to store the audio source and its signature using a blockchain and distributed storage system to verify the copyright of music content. To identify the possibility of extracting the audio signature of the audio source and to include it as blockchain transaction data, we implement the audio source and its signature file upload system based on the proposed scheme. In addition, we show the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments on uploading and retrieving audio files and identify future improvements.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2020

Due to social distancing caused by COVID 19, music concerts have not been allowed at home and abroad, and it is not known when overseas concerts will be able to resume unless the pandemics calm down, even if they are available. Meanwhile, people consume much more content through online services such as Netflix and YouTube than before. Under these circumstances, the music industry expects the virtual livestreamed performance to restore sluggish live performances again and bring about a digital renaissance. It also leads to the issue of reestablishing a copyright system regarding a livestreamed performance and of preparing a new rate of royalty standards for the use of works in OTT. In addition, a multi-territorial licensing of r ights in musical works is necessary to resolve copyright issues efficiently by applying the same term s to all countries from where the audience comes. In this paper, I examine the legal nature and the decision of copyright fees of performances as an integral part of the music industry.