• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 2015

Vitamin D contents in agricultural products and foods were quantified by high performance liquid chromomatography (HPLC) with a UV/Vis detector, using external standard methods. The results were confirmed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After homogenization, samples were hydrolyzed by direct alkali saponification. Thereafter, fat-soluble components were extracted with n-hexane containing 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Vitamin D contents in cereals were found to be in the range of $1.882{\sim}4.856{\mu}g/100g$. Juda's ear and oak mushroom contained high amounts of vitamin D, at 363.85 and $199.42{\mu}g/100g$ of edible portion, respectively.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2021

According to the report of the Korea Agro-Fisheries and Food Trade Corporation (2019), the size of the HMR food market in 2019 exceeded 4 trillion won. On the other hand, the consumption of agricultural products continued to decrease. As reported by Woo (2020) who analyzed consumer panel survey data, when the 2010 agricultural product purchase index was 100, the crop purchase index in 2019 was 72 and the vegetable and special crop purchase index was 69. Therefore, the Rural Development Administration promoted the research projects to develop the technologies for producing stably raw materials of HMR and for optimizing local foods as HMR ingredients. Researches on the development of HMR using local agricultural products has been being promoted in Cheonan, Chungju, and Jeju in 2020. In the case of Jeju, it has been prepared and realized the B2B commercialization of Jeju agricultural products in connection with the convenience store ingredients supplier in the province. In the case of Cheonan, development of HMR foods like as Sundae, dumpling, sausage, and Tteokgalbi using willd chive, cherry tomatoes, shiitake mushroom, fortified perilla, and licopene fortified watermelon has been being promoted. Lastly, in the case of Chungju, a diverse HMR foods have been developed using beans, centella asatica, Japanese lady bell, apples and peaches such as blended juices, frozen boiled rice, and tofu kit. In the future, in connection with the regional specialized crop cultivation project promoted by the Rural Development Administration, we intend to support the convergence commercialization of R&D technology based on regional characteristics.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

The composition of artificial soil in a containerized seedling production plays an important role in seedling quality as well as environmental issues. We investigated the effects of different types of biomaterials and mixed ratio with artificial soil on the growth of Fraxinus rhynchophylla seedlings. Soil medium was supplemented with 3 levels (0%, 10%, 20%) of pine bark, mushroom sawdust and rice husk. Root collar diameter (RCD), height growth, and biomass have significantly increased when rice husk was applied. Compared with the control, RCD and height growth showed highest in 20% rice husk treatment with an increase of 5.7% and 17.6%, respectively. In contrast, the treatments of pine bark and mushroom sawdust showed lower results in growth parameters (RCD, height growth, and total biomass) than control. Seedling quality index was also highest at the 20% rice husk treatment, but there was not statistically different among treatments. Our results suggested rice husk can be substituted up to 20% of substrates for containerized F. rhynchophylla seedling production system.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2022

The ascomycete fungus Cordyceps militaris infects lepidopteran insect pupae, forming characteristic fruiting bodies called "Dong Chung Ha Cho" in Korean. They have been used as medicines owing to their anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing effects. This fungus can be grown on the geminated soybeans Rhynchosia nulubilis, which also contains several novel isoflavones. We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis to determine core gene sets or pathways contributing to biologically active products such as isoflavone. Initially, we sequenced 2-week-old fungal cultures on different soybean agar media, where different amounts of water agar were implemented to show different surface topology. We selected 830 upregulated and 188 downregulated genes by comparing linear models of the samples (two-fold change threshold). Gene ontology analysis identified that the "IMP biosynthesis" term was significantly found in the upregulated gene sets. The pathway is involved in the synthesis of cordycepin, the reference chemical for C. militaris. This finding in the transcriptome data is consistent with the previous observation: increased cordycepin concentrations in the C. militaris cultured on germinated soybean.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 1994

Visual features of a mushromm(Lentinus Edodes L.) are critical in sorting and grading as most agricultural products are. Because of its complex and various visual features, grading and sorting of mushrooms have been done manually by the human expert. Though actions involved in human grading look simple, it decision making underneath the simple action comes from the result of the complex neural processing of visual image. Recently, an artificial neural network has drawn a great attention because of its functional capability as a partial substitute of the human brain. Since most agricultural products are not uniquely defined in its physical properties and do not have a well defined job structure, the neuro -net based computer visual information processing is the promising approach toward the automation in the agricultural field. In this paper, first, the neuro - net based classification of simple geometric primitives were done and the generalization property of the network was tested for degraded primitives. And then the neuro-net based grading system was developed for a mushroom. A computer vision system was utilized for extracting and quantifying the qualitative visual features of sampled mushrooms. The extracted visual features of sampled mushrooms and their corresponding grades were used as input/output pairs for training the neural network. The grading performance of the trained network for the mushrooms graded previously by the expert were also presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.902-908
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• 2010

In 2008, we monitored residual pesticides of 15 agricultural products such as rice, corn, pea, chestnut, mandarin, lemon, onion, pineapple, lettuce, chard, sweet potato stalk, burdock, squash, sweet pepper and mushroom. Agricultural commodities were collected from markets in 22 provinces (Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Ulsan, Daejeon, Gwangju, Wonju, Pohang, Gumi, Changwon, Gimhae, Suwon, Seongnam, Bucheon, Goyang, Yongin, Cheongju, Cheonan, Jeonju, Yeosu, and Jeju). Total 48 pesticides were analysed by multi-residue method using GC/MS/MS. We analysed 1,064 samples and 34 samples (3.20%) were detected. Sweet potatostalk, burdock, chestnuts, peas, corn, chard, squash, mushroom and onions were found to be free from pesticide residues. 6 other agricultural products did not exceed MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits) by the Korean Food Code. Chloropyrifos and fenobucarb were particularly prevalent and also they were detected over 10 times in this monitoring. Nonetheless, the exposed quantity of the 7 residual pesticides is to be considered relatively safe, compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of residual pesticides.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.2
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• pp.319-331
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• 2015

The marketing system of non-timber forest products has been criticized as it mainly depends upon private local dealers, having too many steps between producers and consumers, we believe, which makes it less efficient. Meanwhile, there were only a few empirical studies of how they are delivered to consumers. In order to devise and implement targeted forest policies efficiently, it is quite necessary to understand the distribution channel of them. We analyzed the distribution channel of chestnut, bitter persimmon, oak mushroom, and wild greens by data analysis, field and phone survey, and then drew an implication for improving the marketing system. First of all, the number of middle step has to be reduced and the direct transaction has to be expended. In addition, we need to have more active involvement of Forest cooperative in production sites, adding values by processing, and the upgrade of current marketing centers of non-timber forest products, which have been launched since 2004 by Korea Forest Service.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2007

Application of sludge wastes into the field may help soil fertility with physical, chemical and biological properties. Efficient use of sludge waste, however, requires an individual assessment of the waste products. A lot of experiment into the organic waste-treated soils has been done for decade. However, studies have not been carried out on the assessment of agricultural soil by Basidiomycota. This study was assessed the influence of sludge application on soil healthy in agricultural upland soils. The organic wastes selected for long-term application experiment in this study were municipal sewage sludge (MSS), industrial sewage sludge (ISS), leather processing sludge (LS), alcohol fermentation processing sludge (FS), and pig manure compost (PMC). To develop the soil healthy assesment method, soil samples were diluted by 20X with distilled water. After shaking at 200rpm for 30 minutes, the shaked sample was mixed on PDA(Potato Dextrose Agar). And sterilized at $121^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes. Coriolus hirsutus (MKACC 50560) was inoculated on petri-dish including PDA mixed sample. After the media was incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for five days, the mycelial growth of C. hirsutus was measured. When the mycelial growth on sample media was compared with growth on media contained PDA only, well grown media contained sample soil was assesed as healthy soil. The results suggest that the simple method by Coriolus hirsutus is a handy way to assess the healthy of waste sludge-applied upland soils.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

An in situ ruminal disappearance trial and an in vivo sheep metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of spent mushroom substrate (SMS, originated from Pleurotus osteratus bed-type cultivation). The raw SMS was ensiled (ESMS) for 30 days with 5% (w/w, DM basis) molasses, 0.5% (v/w) yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and 0.5% (v/w) lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum). Two ruminally cannulated Holsteins (average BW 620 kg) were used to evaluate in situ disappearance. Six sheeps (average BW 48 kg) were fed, in $3{\times}3$ Latin square design, rice straw alone (Control), 25% (ESMS-25) and 50% (ESMS-50) of rice straw were replaced with ensiled SMS. For an in situ trial, ruminal DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) disappearance of SMS were increased after ensiling (P<0.05). For a sheep trial, protein and fiber (NDF, acid detergent fiber, crude fiber) digestibilities were decreased (P<0.05), crude ash digestibility was increased (P<0.001), and nitrogen retention was not affected (P>0.05) as rice straw was replaced with ensiled SMS. Ruminating time was decreased by an average of 28% by feeding ensiled SMS (P<0.05). Ensiled SMS (Bed-type cultivation) had 76% of energy value of rice straw. Consequently, ensiled SMS (Bed-type cultivation, 100% cotton waste) could be used as a roughage source appropriate for maintenance type rations for ruminants.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

pH of oriental medicine sludge was 5.3, which was similar to 5.2 of the main ingredient, corncob. Its sugar content, however, was 4.8 mg/g, which was 2.5 times higher than concorb's 1.9 mg/g. According to the addition content analysis of oriental medicine sludge by using blood agar plate, the experimental group showed much more robust growth than the control group. 10% of oriental medicine sludge was added to corncob and pine tree sawdust for test-tube culture. Then they were cultivated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 days after inoculating Flammulina velutipes liquid spawn. The control group and experimental group showed 2.2~3.4 and 5.8~6.4 cm hypae growths respectively. At the field test for 10% herbal medicine refuse, mushroom yield dropped by 5% compared to the control group. However, it had distinctively lower number of deformity and the 2nd grade products. An economic analysis was conducted based on the cultivation facility that produces 160,000 mushrooms per day. The analysis demonstrated that the facility can save 50,000,000 won in the starting year and 130,000,000 won in the following years from the unit cost of production excluding labour and operation cost.