• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.398-405
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• 2021

Objective: The interest of clinicians is increasing due to the newly established medical insurance for pulmonary rehabilitation. Improvement of respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function is an important factor in pulmonary rehabilitation, and this study aims to investigate the correlation between changes in respiratory muscle contraction thickness that can affect respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: Thirty-one subjects (male=13, female=18) participated in this study. The respiratory muscle strength was measured by dividing it into inspiratory/forced expiratory muscles, and the pulmonary function was measured by forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC. To evaluate the respiratory muscle length increase, in resting and concentric contraction thickness of diaphragm, external/internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and rectus abdominis were measured by using ultrasonography. Results: Inspiratory muscle strength showed a significant correlation with the length increase of the inspiratory muscle (r=0.368~0.521, p<0.05), and forced expiratory muscle strength showed a significant correlation with length increase of forced expiratory muscle (r=0.356~0.455, p<0.05). However, pulmonary function was not correlated with the length increase of the respiratory muscle. Conclusions: In this study, a correlation between respiratory muscle strength and respiratory muscle length increase was confirmed, but no correlation with the pulmonary function was found. It is considered that the respiratory muscle strength can be improved by increasing the respiratory muscle thickness through appropriate respiratory muscle training.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.96-106
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• 2019

Background: Factors affecting oral function include tooth number, oral muscle strength, and oral diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among oral environment, muscle, and microbiology. Methods: Fifty-six elderly individuals in a day care center were included in the study. The survey regarding tongue and lip muscle strength and oral microorganisms was conducted from November to December 2018. Results: Tongue and lip muscle strength were greater in men than women (p>0.05). Tongue muscle strength was greater in the ${\leq}80-year-old$ group ($34.94{\pm}9.85$) than the ${\geq}90-year-old$ group ($25.57{\pm}7.54$) (p<0.05). Tongue muscle strength and lip muscle strength were greater in the ${\geq}15$ functional teeth group ($34.08{\pm}9.31$ and $9.25{\pm}1.63$, respectively) than in the <15 functional teeth group ($28.08{\pm}7.53$ and $7.76{\pm}1.51$, respectively) (p<0.05). Age was significantly correlated with functional tooth number, denture use, and tongue muscle strength. The number of functional teeth was positively correlated with tongue muscle strength, lip muscle strength, and oral microorganisms. Denture use was negatively correlated with tongue and lip muscle strength. Tongue muscle strength was significantly correlated with lip muscle strength. The number of Eubacterium nodatum was higher in men than women. The number of Parvimonas micra and Enterococcus faecalis was higher in the groups with ${\geq}15$ functional teeth, denture use, and greater tongue and lip muscle strength. The number of Lactobacillus casei was higher in the group that uses dentures and with greater tongue strength. Conclusion: Oral microbiology is more important in oral environment and management than oral muscle function. The correlation between oral muscle and oral microorganism requires further study. Therefore, oral care training should be conducted to improve the oral care practice of elderly individuals, maintain oral health through oral care, and prevent the decrease in saliva secretion by aging.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the quantitative isometric muscle strength of shoulder girdle and the test reliability using by the equipment, named 'IsoTrack', selected by authors in the former studies. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (9 men, 21 women) were recruited in two sessions, one for intratester and intertester reliability tests and the other quantitative isometric muscle strength tests. The neck flexion, extension and scapular elevation muscle strength was measured using a force measuring device as IsoTract. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for intratester reliability of the all subjects ranging between 0.96 and 0.97. For intertester reliability, the ICC and Pearson correlation correspond to 0.84 and 0.78. We gauged muscle strength of shoulder girdle muscles based on it and indicated quantified isometric muscle strength of women and men in left and right side. Conclusion: We concluded that there were high reiliability of isometric muscle strength of neck and shoulder girdle. Also, we gauged muscle strength of shoulder girdle muscles based on it and indicated quantified isometric muscle strength in left and right side in women and men. So this findings may assist in the measure of whole body muscle strength.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of quadriceps setting exercise(N= 10) and electrical stimulation(N= 10) on improvement of quadriceps muscle strength. The experiment were performed for 6weeks. The subject of this study was 20 college students(male) who had not any medical problems. The quadriceps muscle strength was evaluated by make use of the KIN COM(Isokinetic dynamometer). The electrical stimulator was used to stimulate the quadriceps muscle. The results were as follows: 1. The mean increment ratio was 29.6% for concentric muscle strength and 36.4% for eccentric muscle strength after quadriceps setting exercise(p<0.05). 2. The mean increment ratio was 21.2% for concentric muscle strength and 24.3% for eccentric muscle strength after electrical stimulation, but did not significantly higher than pre-electrical stimulation In this study, we have found that quadriceps setting exercise on left side affect the improvement of the muscle strength in college students(male). However, electrical stimulation did not affect on the muscle strength.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum knee strength and endurance of elderly Korean women with Kellgren-Lawrence grade (K-L II) by age. METHODS: In this study, the total number of participants was 50, divided into five groups of 10 by age. Maximum knee muscle strength was measured at a low speed of 60°/sec using Biodex, an isokinetic device for comparison of maximum knee muscle strength, whereas muscle endurance was measured by muscle contraction at a high speed of 180°/sec. The peak torque values of the extensor and flexor muscles in the muscle strength and muscle endurance tests were collected according to each classification. RESULTS: The results of the experiment show that maximum muscle strength and muscle endurance decreased significantly at 60°/sec and 180°/sec during flexion and extension according to age (p<.05). In particular, the age group of 71 to 75 years showed the most significant correlation with other age groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be used as basic data for increasing physical activity and muscle strength in women with knee osteoarthritis.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 1995

An Effect of Muscle Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in the Institutionalized Elderly Recent statistics shows that the aged are the fastest growing segment of our population by increasing life span. The age group of over 60 shows multiple health problems and the most serious handicapping problem of these. are related to the changes in muscular skeletal system. With aging, people lose. their muscle mass and muscle strength resulting from biological changes and physical inactivity. Studies documented a 30-50% loss of muscle mass in an advanced age and thus, ordinary life activities can be seriously affected due to weakened muscle strength. Preservation of muscle strength of lower limb is especially important in the aged. Since it is readily affected from reduced physical activity in old age, sometimes to the detriment of moving or walking. So muscle strength exercise program designed for the elderly to improve leg muscle strength and leg muscle endurance. The research design used was nonequivalent control group pretest - protest design. The purposes of this study were to test the effect of muscle strength exercise program utilizing Leg Press on muscle strength, muscle endurance, instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), cognitive perceptual variables and quality of life. Forty nine subjects participating in this study consisted of twenty four male and twenty five female. Twenty four experimental group subjects were selected from C-institution in Chung Buk province, and twenty five control group subjects were selected from O-institution in Chung Nam province. The mean age of subjects was 72.8 years. Muscle strength training program utilizing Leg Press for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 9 weeks. The data was collected from August, 1993 to October, 1993. Data were analyzed with $X^2-test$, t-test, ANCOVA test, Kruskal Wallis 1-Way ANOVA test using SPSS PC program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The experimental group showed significantly higher scores on muscle strength (leg lift strength, back lift strength and grip strength) and muscle endurance than control group after the experiment $\ulcorner$F=52.35(p=.001), F=54.07(p=.001), F=6.97(p=.011), F=18.17(p=.001)$\lrcorner$ 2) Experimental group were significantly higher scores on IADL than control group(F=7.51, p=.009). 3) Experimental group showed significantly higher scores on economical state and self esteem aspects of the quality of life scale than control group $\ulcorner$F=10.59(p=.002), F=6.97(p=.011)$\lrcorner$. But there were no differences in emotional state, physical and functional state and relationship with reatives in the quality of life between groups. 4) Scores on IADL showed a significant difference with the level of muscle strength and muscle endurance $\ulcornerx^2=7.73(p=.025),\;x^2=8.86\;(p=.011)\lrcorner$ 5) Scores on self esteem and physical and functional state aspects of the quality of life scale showed a significant difference with the level of IADL $\ulcornerx^2=11.39(p=.003),\;x^2=9.02(p=.011)\lrcorner$. 6) Scores of experimental group after the experiment in cognitive perceptual variables (perceived benefit on exercise, perceived health status, self efficacy, emotion on exercise) were significantly higher than those of control group $\ulcorner$F=32.09(p=.001), F=5.07(p=.029), F=20.63 (p=.001), F=30.38(p=.001)$\lrcorner$. As a result of this study, the effect of strength training exercise program with Leg. Press had improved muscle strength, muscle endurance, IADL, and the perception of self esteem, physical and funtional state, and economical state. Thus strength training program could be beneficially applied for the prevention of disablity and promotion of health and wellbeing in the aged easily and safely. The subjects in the experimental group have maintained their exercises till six months after the cessation of the experiment. This seem to illustrate that changes in cognitive perceptual variables and the improvement in health status have reinforced motivation for the continuation of voluntary exercises. A further study is necessary to determine the factors affecting maintainance of muscle strength exercise and to assess the effect of weight training program on bone density.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.827-831
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• 1994

Investigation on the extractability, Mg2+-, Ca2+ , EDTA-ATPase activity and solubility of actomyosin prepared from leg and breast muscle of silky fowol were as follows. The extractability of actomyosin in leg and breast muscle was 779mg/100g and 1, 318mg/100g respectively, breast muscle was higher than leg muscle . Mg2+-ATPase activity of actomyosin was high inionic strength 0.02-0.10 and Mg2+ATPase activity of low ionic strength was higher than high ionic strength not related to the part. Ca2+ ATPase activity was high in ionic strength 0.05-0.13, the activity of leg muscle was higher that breast muscle. And EDTA-ATPase activity showed low in low ionic strength and showed high in high ionic strength, and increased greatly depend ionic strength up to 0.4. The solubility of actomyosin was not different in leg and breast muscle , the solution started in KCI concentration of 0.3M and ended in DCI concentration of 0.4M.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

Purpose: To measure the cervical isometric force generation capacity of men and women, IsoTract was used. Also the aim of this study was to compare manual muscle testing with isometric muscle strength in women. Methods: Forty seven healthy subjects(25 men, 22 women; age range, 18-29) were recruited in two sessions, one for flexion and the other extension. The cervical strength was measured using a force measuring device as IsoTract. Results: Cervical isometric strength was found to be measure for flexion(27.78 Ibs maximum and 24.52 Ibs average) and extension(33.22 Ibs maximum and 29.90 Ibs average) in mans. And isometic muscle strength for women exerted significantly higher in the grade 4 over than in the grade 3 in women. Conclusion: We concluded that there were difference in isometric muscle strength for the grade of manual muscle testing. So this findings may assist in the measure of whole body muscle strength.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of muscle energy technique (MET) and instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) on knee extension ROM, knee extensor/flexor strength and muscle thickness immediately and after 24 hours. Methods: A total of 30 subjects participated in this study. The participants were assigned to either MET (n=15) or IASTM (n=15). 90-90 straight leg raise, knee extensor/flexor muscle strength, muscle thickness test were measured before, immediately after and 24 hours after the intervention. Results: Both groups significantly improved knee extension ROM on immediate (MET 10.7°, IASTM 10.21° increased) and after 24 hours assessment (MET 5.61°, IASTM 5.47° increased)(p<.05). In the MET group, knee extension and flexion muscle strength increased immediately after intervention (p<.05). In the IASTM group, knee extension muscle strength increased and knee flexor muscle strength decreased immediately after intervention (p<.05). Furthermore, both groups showed a pattern of returning to the initial strength after 24 hours. In both groups, no significant difference in muscle thickness immediately and after 24 hours was observed (p>.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, MET and IASTM technique showed lasting effectiveness in flexibility of shortened hamstring immediately after and in 24 hours after the intervention. In both groups, MET increased muscle strength and increased ROM, while IASTM decreased muscle strength and increased ROM, with no change in muscle thickness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to comparison of the effects of proprioception traning and muscle strength traning on the ankle strength and balance of obese middle-aged woman. Method : The subjects of this study are obese-middle aged woman; 8 woman who agreed with this research, were picked up. Participants were divided randomly into equal groups: experimental group receved proprioception traning for 6 weeks, which consists of 3 times per week, 30 min for each session. control group received strength training during the same period. Muscle strength and balance were measured dorsi flexion, plantar flexion, functional reach test and one leg standing. The intervention were compared by measuring before and after. Result : There were significant improvements in the subscales of the muscle strength of both group and balance test of those who practiced with the proprioception traning, while the muscle strength traning showed significant changes only muscle strength. Conclusion : Therefore, proprioception training is beneficial in improvement of to improve the muscle strength and balance in middle-aged woman with obesity.