• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.326-333
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• 2016

본 연구는 무릎손상 엘리트 배구선수에 관절가동운동이 무릎통증, 등속성근력, 근긴장도, 근경직에 미치는 효과를 확인한 사례연구이다. 사례자는 왼쪽 무릎관절에 연골결손과 수술경험이 있고 평소 지속적인 통증과 운동 시 통증을 호소하였다. 연구기간은 2015년 8월 5일부터 12월 24일이며, 왼쪽 무릎관절에 관절가동술을 1일 1회 15분씩 총 8회 적용하였다. 연구의 측정은 시각적사상척도를 이용하여 무릎통증, 등속성 근력측정장비를 사용하여 넙다리네갈래근과 넙다리뒤근육 동심성 최대회전력, 근긴장도측정장비를 사용하여 손상쪽에 넙다리곧은근, 안쪽넓은근, 가쪽넓은근의 근긴장도와 근경직을 중재 전과 중재 후 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 단기간 관절가동운동이 손상 쪽 무릎통증 감소, 양쪽 넙다리네갈래근과 넙다리뒤근육 동심성 최대회전력의 증가, 손상 쪽 넙다리네갈래근의 근경직 증가에 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 특히 손상 쪽 넙다리네갈래근의 경우 관절가동운동 횟수가 증가할수록 동심성 최대회전력이 크게 증가되어 손상 쪽과 정상 쪽 다리의 동심성 최대회전력의 차이가 크게 감소되었다. 하지만 손상 쪽 넙다리뒤근육/넙다리네갈래근의 근력 비율의 개선에는 효과가 없었다. 본 연구를 통해 엘리트 배구선수에 무릎통증, 등속성 근력, 근경직 개선을 위해 단기간에 관절가동운동이 효과적인 중재방법이 될 수 있지만 적절한 근력비율을 위해 트레이닝을 함께 실시할 필요가 있겠다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of eccentric training applied to the calf muscles on muscle tone, muscle strength, and gait variables in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Twenty-two participants were divided into experimental (n=12; eccentric training) and control (n=10; static stretching and stretching board) groups. The participants completed 30-minute physical therapy sessions five times a week for three weeks. Calf muscle tone, muscle strength, and gait variables were measured using MyotonPRO, a hand-held dynamometer, and Optogait, respectively, before and after each intervention. Results: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a significant interaction effect between measurement points and groups in frequency, stiffness, and decrement of the lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles (p<.05). Paired t-tests showed that the experimental group exhibited significantly decreased frequency and stiffness scores for the lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles (p<.05), as well as significantly increased decrement and muscle strength scores, gait speed, step length, and stride length (p<.05). Conclusion: The application of eccentric training to the calf effectively reduced muscle tone, increased muscle strength, and improved the gait speed, step length, and stride length of patients with chronic stroke.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.989-993
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occipital bone stimulation by cervical stabilizing exercise on the muscle tone, stiffness, ROM, and cervical lordosis in patient with forward head posture(FHP). This study was a case study of a single patient with forward head posture. This study used a ABA' design, A and A' were the baseline phases and B was the intervention phase. The intervention was occipital bone stimulation by cervical stabilization exercise. It was administered once daily for 7 days. The therapist kept hands together, and placed the two index fingers under the subject's occipital bone. The subject performed the chin-in exercise with a maximum isometric contraction for 20 sec.The exercise was implemented by performing the movements 10 times as a set and repeating the set three times. The muscle tone was not significantly changed after intervention. However, the stiffness was decreased and lasted the effect lasted without intervention. The cervical flexion angle was increased, but the cervical extension angle was not significantly changed after the intervention. The left and right lateral flexion angles were increased and the effect lasted without any intervention. However, the left and right rotation angles were significantly changed after the intervention. Cervical lordosis increased not from $37^{\circ}$ to $41^{\circ}$ after the intervention. These results suggest that occipital bone stimulation by cervical stabilizing exercise had a positive effect on cervical stiffness, flexion and lateral flexion ROM, and lordosis in a patient with forward head posture.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

Objective: The human body is often modelled as a spring-mass system. Lower extremity stiffness has been considered to be one of key factor in the performance enhancement of running, jumping, and hopping involved sports activities. There are several different classification of lower extremity stiffness consisting of vertical stiffness, leg stiffness, joint stiffness, as well as muscle and tendon stiffness. The primary purpose of this paper was to review the literature and describe different stiffness models and discuss applications of stiffness models while engaging in sports activities. In addition, this paper provided a current update of the lower extremity literature as it investigates the relationships between lower extremity stiffness and both functional performance and injury. Summary: Because various methods for measuring lower extremity stiffness are existing, measurements should always be accompanied by a detailed description including type of stiffness, testing method and calculation method. Moreover, investigator should be cautious when comparing lower extremity stiffness from different methods. Some evidence highlights that optimal degree of lower extremity stiffness is required for successful athletic performance. However, the actual magnitude of stiffness required to optimize performance is relatively unexplored. Direct relationship between lower extremity stiffness and lower extremity injuries has not clearly been established yet. Overall, high stiffness is potentially associate risk factors of lower extremity injuries although some of the evidence is controversial. Prospective injures studies are necessary to confirm this relationship. Moreover, further biomechanical and physiological investigation is needed to identify the optimal regulation of the lower limb stiffness behavior and its impact on athletic performance and lower limb injuries.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between smartphone use, body composition, posture and muscle properties of elementary school students. Methods : A total of 22 healthy elementary school students in Daejeon, South Korea, participated in this study with informed consent. Smartphone use was evaluated with Smartphone addiction self-report scale (S-scale) for youth. Body composition (BMI, percent body fat, body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass) was measured using Inbody. To assess posture, forward head posture and round shoulder posture were measured using Dartfish motion analysis. Muscle properties (muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity) were measured on the upper trapezius, splenius capitis and sternocleidomastoid muscles using Myoton. To investigate the correlation between the main variables, Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Results : Disturbance of adaptive function, which is one of sub-component of S-scale, had a weak positive correlations with BMI (r=.538, p<.01), and body fat mass (r=.453, p<.05). However, scores of S-scale showed no correlation with posture and muscle properties. The correlation between posture and muscle properties was analyzed, and round shoulder posture revealed a weak positive correlation with respect to stiffness (r=.418, p<.05) and elasticity (r=.502, p<.05) of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Conclusion : Scores of S-scale demonstrated a weak correlation with body composition (BMI) among elementary school students, whereas S-scale scores were not correlated with the posture and muscle properties. Further research is needed to identify and focus on potential high-risk user groups of elementary students who are more dependent upon smartphones.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.13
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• 2021

Background: Multifidus muscle stiffness decreases in patients with lumbar intervertebral disk herniation; however, age-related changes in humans have not been reported. Objectives: The reliability of ultrasound shear wave elastography in dogs, and changes in the shear elastic modulus of the thoracolumbar multifidus muscle with aging in dogs, were investigated. Methods: Twelve beagle dogs were divided into 2 groups based on the age of onset of intervertebral disk herniation: young (aged not exceeding 2 years; 1.3 ± 0.6 years old, n = 5) and adult (4.9 ± 1.2 years old, n = 7). The shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle, from the thirteenth thoracic spine to the fourth lumbar spine, was measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The length, cross-sectional area and muscle to fat ratio of the multifidus muscle, and the grade of intervertebral disk degeneration, were assessed using radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Results: The length and cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle increased caudally. In the young group, the shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle of the thirteenth thoracic spine was less than that of the third lumbar spine. In the adult group, the shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle of first and third lumbar spine was lower than that of the same site in the young group. Conclusions: Ultrasound can be used to measure shear wave elastography of the thoracolumbar multifidus in dogs. If the multifidus muscle stiffness decreases, we should consider age-related change.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effects of motion taping on muscle activity and the WOMAC in a rehabilitation exercise program for elderly women with knee joint osteoarthritis. Methods: The subjects were 28 elderly women aged over 65 years with knee joint osteoarthritis. The subjects were divided into two groups: one experimental and one control group. During the study period, a total of 26 patients completed the experiment, with one drop each from the experimental group and control group. The experimental group applied motion taping and conducted a rehabilitation exercise program. The control group experienced a rehabilitation exercise program without motion taping. The rehabilitation exercise program consisted of warm-up exercises, maximum isometric exercises, the range of motion of the joints, and leg stretching exercises. The intervention was conducted three times a week for six weeks. To investigate the effects of the intervention, muscle activity and the WOMAC were measured. The WOMAC is a tool that can be used to evaluate the pain, stiffness, and physical function of osteoarthritis patients; it has 29 items in three areas. Results: The change in muscle activity according to the intervention showed a statistically significant increase in both the experimental group and control group. The WOMAC also showed statistically significant changes in terms of pain, stiffness, and physical function in both the experimental and control groups. The experimental group showed a greater functional improvement than the control group. Conclusion: For older women with osteoarthritis of the knee, a rehabilitation exercise program is a good intervention. When motion-taping is applied, it is considered to be an intervention program that can be expected to have a better effect on knee joint osteoarthritis.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study was conducted to find treatment of forward head posture and shoulder instability with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept. Methods : This is literature study with books, seminar note and international course. Results : Forward head posture and shoulder instability has related each other. Forward head posture will make muscle instability, weakness and stiffness on neck and shoulder girdle. It will make pain also. Important muscle are suboccipital muscle, omohyoid muscle, sternoclaidomastoid muscle, scaleni, pectoralis minor, levator scapular and digastric. Conclusion : Treatment of the forward head posture and shoulder instability is provided. It is that treatment of stiff muscle with eccentric muscle work, muscle elongation, muscle strengthening at the structure level and at the functional level for daily activities.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2012

Currently, high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) is increasingly used in various muscle disorders like muscle tension. Our proposed study includes the development of the real-time monitoring system using a myotonometer for HILT. The developed system consists of a piezoelectric sensor and laser distance sensor for muscle stiffness monitoring during the treatments. The results demonstrated that the level of muscle tension was rapidly decreased after 3 minutes of the high-intensity laser treatment when compared to the control group. The combined HILT and realtime muscle tension monitoring system may help to evaluate the therapeutic procedure and efficient treatments for various muscle pains.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was conducted to find treatment of forward head posture and shoulder instability with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept. Methods : This is literature study with books, seminar note and international course. Results : Forward head posture and shoulder instability has related each other. Forward head posture will make muscle instability, weakness and stiffness on neck and shoulder girdle. It will make pain also. Important muscle are suboccipital muscles, omohyoid muscle, sternoclaidomastoid muscle, scaleni, pectoralis minor, levator scapular and digastric. Conclusion : Treatment of the forward head posture and shoulder instability is provided. It is that treatment of stiff muscle with eccentric muscle work, muscle elongation, muscle strengthening at the structure level and at the functional level for daily activities.