• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the improvement effect of obesity by treatment with a developed low frequency electrical stimulation system. Thirty female in their 20's as an experiment subjects divided 3 groups(control, commercialized device, developed device) were treated with electrical stimulation on abdomen for 4 weeks. The body weight, body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), muscle strength, muscle(transverse abdominis(TrA), internal obliquus abdominis(IO), external obliquus abdominis(EO)), fat thickness and abdominal surface temperature were measured by electromyogram(EMG), ultrasound and digital infrared thermal image(DITI). In the result, the body weight and BMI were decreased. Subcutaneous abdominal fat were significantly reduced after 4 weeks. The muscle strength and TrA muscle thickness was increased 13.2%(p<0.05), and 35.5%, respectively. The fat thickness showed decrease in abdomen (p<0.05). Infrared measurement on abdominal surface temperature as a parameter of improvement in blood circulation was significantly increased(p<0.05). Therefore, the low frequency stimulation showed positive effects on parameters of the obesity improvement.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Purpose : Delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both trascutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) Micro current(MC) and only normal Therapy on Delyed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). Method : The Methods ten untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (60Hz) MC($60{\mu}A$, 3pps) a control group that received no MC treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24hours and 48hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of paining(visual analogue scale: VAS) and CK(Creatine kinase) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Results : 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by two-way repeated ANOVA. The Results that t-test for VAS revealed significant differences within TENS group. 3) The t-test for VAS, and Creatine Kinase of time revealed significant differences within MC group. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both TENS and MENS had effect on DOMS.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1882-1892
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• 1996

This paper is concerned with the position control of the ond degree-of freedom manipulator using pneumatic artificial muscle actuator which is built to have a proper compliance. For t his pneumatic artificial muscle actuator though, it is difficult to make an effective control scheme due to the nonlinearity and uncertainties on the dynamics of the actuator. In this paper, a third-order equation of motion is derived for the actuator including the dynamics of the pneumatic servovalve. Later, various modeling uncertainties due to the nonlinearity and unmodeled dynamics of the servo vlave and the actuator are taken care of, as a trade-off between the closed-loop performance of the controlled system and its robustness to uncertainties. A controller using .mu. synthesis thchnique is designed, and robust performance against measurement noise, various modeling uncertainties due to the dynamics of the servo valve and actuator is achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed control methods is illustrated through simulations and experiments.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.9-25
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to film up computerized analyses for both kinematic posture(film analysis) and muscle dynamics (EMG) during a weight-lifting motion. (Snatch, Clean and Jerk) Using a motor drive camera (3.5 frames/sec) and a Location Analyzer, motion tracks of 13 landmarks, which were attached to the major joints, during the motion were converted into digital values. At the same time, EMG amplitudes from 11 major muscle groups were recorded. Recorded data were processed via analog/hybrid computer (ADAC 480) and digital computer (PDP 11/44). Landmark locations and EMG amplitude were integrated by a computerized routine. Computer output included graphic reproductions on sepuential dislocations of body segments, center of gravity of body segments and the associated changes on EMG amplitude such as % EMG's of major muscle group during a weight lifting motion. The results strongly suggest that the computerized motion-EMG integration can provide a further working knowledge in selection and in training of workers and athletes. Suggestions for a further study include additional device for velocity measurement, expansion of the link model for biomechanical analysis and other implementations necessary for athletic application.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2000

We have examined whether bile acids can affect the electrical and mechanical activities of circular smooth muscle of canine colon and ileum, using isometric tension measurement or patch clamp technique. It was found that a dilution of canine bile $(0.03{\sim}2%\;by\;volume)$ enhanced or inhibited the amplitude of spontaneous contractions. An individual component of bile, deoxycholic acid (DCA) enhanced the frequency and amplitude of the spontaneous contractile activity at $10^{-6}\;M,$ while DCA at $10^{-4}\;M$ inhibited the contraction. Similarly, the response to cholic acid was excitatory at $10^{-5}\;M$ and inhibitory at $3{\times}10^{-4}\;M.$ Taurocholic acid at $10^{-4}\;M$ enhanced the amplitude of muscle contraction. Electrically, canine bile at 1% reversibly depolarized the colonic myocytes under current clamp mode. Bile acids also elicited non-selective cation currents under voltage clamp studies, where $K^+$ currents were blocked and the $Cl^-$ gradient was adjusted so that $E_{Cl}^-$ was equal to -70 mV, a holding potential. The non-selective cation current might explain the depolarization caused by bile acids in intact muscles. Furthermore, the bile acid regulation of electrical and mechanical activities of intestinal smooth muscle may explain some of the pathophysiological conditions accompanying defects in bile reabsorption.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was compare and analyze the Cobb's angle, core muscle strengthening in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and provide scientific basis for effectively treating idiopathic scoliosis in the future. Methods: The subjects of this study were 20 members of adolescent girls. Measurement tools were comprised Cobb's angle test, core muscle strengthening test. After 8 weeks of program, both groups had the same measurements as before program start. Results: The results of the study are as follows. First, the experimental group was decreased statistically significantly in Cobb's angle than the control group. Second, Both groups were increased statistically significantly in core muscle strengthening. The experimental group was increased statistically significantly direction in front, back l than the control group. Conclusion: Sling exercise with core exercise was effective in the decrease of Cobb's angle and core muscle strength than general scoliosis exercise in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide guideline of muscle strengthening exercise for preparing ambulation by presenting suitable ratio of muscle power of agonist & antagonist, and that of concentric & eccentric contraction on behalf of amputee's normal ambulation training and it's strenthening as well. 7 Subjects who have femur amputee for experimental group were able to ambulate naturally without inconvenience and 20 adult subjects of comparison group for comparison were considered to be free from disturbance of ambulation. The method of study was to measure the muscle power of hip pint, was to figure out the ratio of agonist & antagonist, concentric contraction & eccentric contraction, and was to find out mean and standard deviation of each measurement. Every numerical value of comparison was tested by Mann-whitney and comparison group's comparison between left & right value was done with t-test. Results are as followings : 1) Extension force was stronger than flexor force and had no remarkable difference(p<0.05) 2) For normal adults, adduction farce was stronger than abduction force and for amputees, abduction force was stronger while adduction force was the same as the normal without showing remarkable difference(p<0.05) According the result above, I make an assumption that maintaining a proper ratio of muscle power on strengthening exercise for amputee's ambulation training & rehabilitation and finally bring out an improvement of transfer and ambulation.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ballistic stretching techniques on the flexibility, muscle strength and electrophysiologic nature. Methods : The subjects of the study were 20 young adults including 10 for the ballistic-stretching group, and 10 for the control group. This study measured hamstring flexibility, muscle strength, median frequency and root mean square on electromyography signals. All measurements were analyzed using independent sample t-tests. Results : VAS, FPRS, and ODI showed significant pain decrease in all groups except for the ODI measurement in the 0.5㎐ group. There were no significant differences according to frequency levels. Conclusion : It was understood that the effect of stretching was greater when performing ballistic stretching techniques.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.203-213
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the respiratory and aerodynamic function of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) patients. Participants were (1) 18 females SD patients with non- Botulinum toxin injection (2) 14 females SD patients who had taken treatment of Botulinum toxin injection. (3) 14 age- and sex- matched normal female controls. Spirometer and phonatory function analyzer were used for respiratory muscle pressure (MIP: Maximum inspiratory pressure), MEP: Maximum expiratory pressure)& MPT(Maximum phonation time) and aerodynamic(F0:Fundamental frequency, intensity, MFR: Mean flow late, Psub: Subglottal pressure) measurement. The results were as follows: (1) Normal group was significantly higher in MIP, MEP, MPT than two SD groups (p < .05); (2) MPT was significantly lower in SD with non-Botulinum toxin injection group than SD with the treatment experience of Botulinum toxin injection (p < .05); (3) All aerodynamic parameters, F0, intensity, MFR, Psub, were not significantly different among three groups(p > .05).The reason of short MPT in ADSD may use lower respiratory pressure than normal group as strategy to decrease their tremulous voice quality. Moreover respiratory muscle pressure was lower than normal group regardless of botulinum toxin injection treatment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Recently, importance of the rehabilitation of hand pathologies as well as the development of high-technology hand robot has been increased. The biomechanical model of hand is indispensable due to the difficulty of direct measurement of muscle forces and joint forces in hands. In this study, a three-dimensional biomechanical model of four fingers including three joints and ten muscles in each finger was developed and a mathematical relationship between neural commands and finger forces which represents the enslaving effect and the force deficit effect was proposed. When pressing a plate under the flexed posture, the muscle forces and the joint forces were predicted by the optimization technique. The results showed that the major activated muscles were flexion muscles (flexor digitorum profundus, radial interosseous, and ulnar interosseous). In addition, it was found that the antagonistic muscles were also activated rather than the previous models, which is more realistic phenomenon. The present model has considered the interaction among fingers, thus can be more powerful while developing a robot hand that can totally control the multiple fingers like human.