• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.501-510
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to establish primary bovine muscle satellite cell (MSC) culture conditions and to investigate the effects of various steroid hormones on transcription of the genes involved in muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Of three different types of proteases (type II collagenase, pronase and trypsin-EDTA) used to hydrolyze the myogenic satellite cells from muscle tissues, trypsin-EDTA treatment yielded the highest number of cells. The cells separated by hydrolysis with type II collagenase and incubated on gelatin-coated plates showed an enhanced cell attachment onto the culture plate and cell proliferation at an initial stage of cell growth. In this study, the bovine MSCs were maintained in vitro up to passage 16 without revealing any significant morphological change, and even to when the cells died at passage 21 with decreased or almost no cell growth or deformities. When the cells were incubated in a steroid-depleted environment (DMEM(-)/10% CDFBS (charcoal-dextran stripped FBS)), they grew slowly initially, and were widened and deformed. In addition, when the cells were transferred to an incubation medium containing steroid (DMEM(+)/10% FBS), the deformed cells resumed their growth and returned to a normal morphology, suggesting that steroid hormones are crucial in maintaining normal MSC morphology and growth. The results demonstrated that treatments with 19-nortestosterone and testosterone significantly increased AR gene expression (p<0.05), implying that both testosterone and 19-nortestosterone bind with AR and that the hormone bound-AR complex up-regulates the genes of its own receptor (AR) plus other genes involved in satellite cell growth and differentiation in bovine muscle.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1987

The tentacular retractor muscle has many arrays of muscle fiber bundles under the epithelial layer. Most of muscle fiber bundles are arranged in parallel to the longitudinal axes of muscle fibers and a small number of them perpendiculary to them. These smooth muscle cells are filled with compactly arranged myosins and actins. These microfilaments, when the tentacle is protracted, keep abreast with straight for-ward-lined shapes while these microfilaments, when it is retracted, with curved shapes. The foldings in the sarcolemma of the muscle cell, when the tentacle is retracted, lead to the formation of normal subsurface tubules along with which a few mitochondria are included. It is thought that the formation of the sarcolemmal differentiation like the subsurface tubules has a close relation with the protraction and retraction of the tentacle. Mitochondria are found throughout the muscle cell, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) developed greatly in the exoplasm close to the sarcolemma and associated with the cell membrane. Dense bodies are distributed irregularly and thin filaments are scattered around the thick filament in cross-sections, but the thin filaments may be arranged in complete or partial orbits around thick filaments. Complete orbits are infrequent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1349-1353
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• 2007

Calcineurin is a calmodulin dependent protein that functions as a regulator of muscle cell growth and function. Agents capable of interacting with calcineurin could have important applications in muscle disease treatment as well as in the improvement of livestock production. Calsarcins comprise a family of muscle-specific calcineurin binding proteins which play an important role in modulating the function of calcineurin in muscle cells. Recently, we described the first two members of the calsarcin family (calsarcin-1 and calsarcin-2) in the pig. Here, we characterized the third member of the calsarcin family, calsarcin-3, which is also expressed specifically in skeletal muscle. However, unlike calsarcin-1 and calsarcin-2, the calsarcin-3 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle kept rising throughout the prenatal and postnatal development periods. In addition, radiation hybrid mapping indicated that porcine calsarcin-3 mapped to the distal end of the q arm of pig chromosome 2 (SSC2). A C/T single nucleotide polymorphism site in exon 5 was genotyped using the denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) method and the allele frequencies at this locus were significantly different among breeds.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권5호
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• pp.1195-1200
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• 2022

과립 세포 종양은 드문 연조직 종양으로써 주로 혀의 줄무늬 근육에서 발생한다. 과립 세포 종양이 대흉근에서 발생한 예는 매우 드물게 보고되었다. 이에 저자들은 유방 아래의 대흉근에 발생한 과립 세포 종양의 증례를 다양한 영상 소견과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.742-747
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of mast cell and histamine as typical product of mast cell in ischemia-reperfusion injury of muscle flap using H2 receptor blocker and mast cell stabilizer. Methods: Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 gm were divided into four groups; Group I: Control group without ischemia, Group II: Normal saline injection group with ischemia, Group III: Cimetidine injection group with ischemia, Group IV: Sodium cromoglycate injection group with ischemia. Well established single pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous(TRAM) flap was designed in all rats and were rendered ischemia by clamping the artery for 150 minutes. All injections were applied intramuscular around gluteal area 30 minutes before reperfusion. The flap survival was evaluated at 7 days after operation. Neutrophil counts and mast cell counts were evaluated 24 hours after reperfusion. Results: The difference of skin flap survival between control group and cimetidine injection group was not significant. In the normal saline injection group flap survival was markedly decreased compared to that of control group. The muscle flap survival was similar to the results of skin flap survival. The neutrophil counts were significantly decreased in control group and sodium cromoglycate injection group than normal saline injection group. The mast cell counts were significantly decreased in cimetidine injection group and control group than both normal saline injection and sodium cromoglycate injection groups. The protective effect of sodium cromoglycate was not seen in the skin flap, but the muscle flaps showed protective effects of sodium cromoglycate compared to normal saline injection group. Conclusions: It is suggests that commonly used antihistamine(H2 receptor blocker) has protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury to skin and muscle flaps by reducing neutrophil and mast cell. The mast cell stabilizer was not effective for skin flap but, possibly, for muscle flap.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Embryologically, mesodermal development is closely related to the development of various organs such as muscles, blood vessels, and hearts, which are the main organs that make up the body. However, treatment for mesoderm developmental disorders caused by congenital or acquired factors has so far relied on surgery and drug treatment for symptom relief, and more fundamentally, treatment for mesoderm developmental disorders is needed. Methods and Results: In our study, microRNA (miRNA), which plays an important role in the mesoderm development process, was identified and the developmental function was evaluated. miRNAs consist of small nucleotides, which act as transcription factors that bind to the 3' untranslated region and suppressed target gene expression. We constructed the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) knockout cell line and analyzed the function and characteristics of miR-5739, which plays an important role in mesoderm lineage. miR-5739 acts as a transcription factor targeting SMA, Brachyury T, Hand1, which controls muscle proliferation and differentiation, and KDR gene, which regulates vessel formation in vitro. In vivo results suggest a role in regulating muscle proliferation and differentiation. Gene ontology analysis confirmed that the miR-5739 is closely related to genes that regulate muscle and vessel proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, abnormal expression of miR-5739 was detected in somatic cells derived from patients with congenital muscle disease. Conclusions: Our study demonstrate that miR-5739 gene function significantly affects transcriptional circuits that regulate muscle and vascular differentiation during embryonic development.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2013

The calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is considered one of the major contributors for vascular disease. Phosphate is known as the inducer for VSMC calcification. In this study, we assessed whether phosphate affected cell viability and fetuin-A, a calcification inhibitor protein, both which are related to VSMC calcification. Also, VSMC viability by zinc level was assessed. The results showed that phosphate increased Ca and P deposition in VSMCs (A7r5 cell line, rat aorta origin). This phosphate-induced Ca and P deposition was consistent with the decreased A7r5 cell viability (P<0.05), which implies phosphate-induced calcification in A7r5 cells might be due to the decreased VSMC cell viability. As phosphate increased, the protein expression of fetuin-A protein was up-regulated. A7r5 cell viability decreased as the addition of cellular zinc level was decreased (P<0.05). The results suggested that zinc deficiency causes the decreased cell viability and it would be the future study to clarify how zinc does act for VSMC cell viability. The results suggest that the decreased VSMC viability by high P or low Zn in VSMCs may be the risk factor for vascular disease.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2005

Transactivation of EGF-receptor (EGFR) by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is emerging as an important pathway in cell proliferation, which plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerotic lesion. Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been identified to have a major role in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. We hypothesize that Ang II promotes the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells through the release of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor (HB-EGF), transactivation of EGFR and activation of Akt and Erk 1/2, with matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) playing a dispensable role. Primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells were used in this study. Smooth muscle cells rendered quiescent by serum deprivation for 12 h were treated with Ang II (100 nM) in the presence of either GM6001 ($20{\mu}M$), a specific inhibitor of MMPs or AG1478 ($10{\mu}M$), an inhibitor of EGFR. The levels of phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt and Erk 1/2 were assessed in the cell lysates. Inhibition of MMPs by GM6001 significantly attenuated Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation of EGFR, suggesting that MMPs may be involved in the transactivation of EGFR by Ang II receptor. Furthermore Ang II-stimulated proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells were significantly blunted by inhibiting MMPs and EGFR and applying HB-EGF neutralization antibody, indicating that MMPs, HB-EGF and EGFR activation is necessary for Ang-II stimulated migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Our results suggest that inhibition of MMPs may represent one of the strategies to counter the mitogenic and motogenic effects of Ang II on smooth muscle cells and thereby prevent the formation and development of atherosclerotic lesions.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2010

암세포의 전이, 죽상경화증, 당뇨성 망막병증과 같은 병적인 과정에서 혈관내피세포는 핵심적인 역할을 담당한다. 죽상경화증의 죽종 형성에 혈관민무늬근육세포가 직접적으로 관여한다. 배꼽정맥, 혈관내벽, 그리고 망막에 있는 이들 내피세포들은 다양한 효소용액들을 이용하여 얻는다. 순수하게 분리된 이들 세포는 내피세포와 관련된 질병의 시험관 내 연구에 있어 중요한 모델이다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때 대동맥 벽의 중간막에서 분리한 후 배양한 민무늬근육세포도 죽상경화증의 발병을 설명할 수 있다. 이 종설에서는 사람배꼽정맥내피세포(HUVEC),대동맥의 내피세포 및 민무늬근육세포, 그리고 망막미세혈관내피세포(RMEC)의 분리 뿐 만 아니라 이들 세포를 이용한 질병연구에 관한 논문들을 소개하고자 한다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2000

Cell growth and DNA synthesis were studied from a cultured early- and late- pas- sage mouse aorta smooth muscle cell (MASMC) because the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a key factor in development of atherosclerosis. In this study, the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and stimulated by growth factors such as thrombin and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Compared to the number of early-passage MASMC (passage 3 to 9) the number of late-passage MASMC (passage 30 to 40) in a normal serum state was increased 2 fold at Day 1, 3 and 6 in culture, respectively. Incorporation of $[^3H]$ thymidine into DNA induced by serum, PDGF and thrombin in late-passage MASMC was greater than those in early-passage MASMC. We also examined whether intracellular zinc levels would be an aging factor or not. The intracellular zinc level in early- and late-passage MASMC was monitored by using the zinc probe dye N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide. It is interested that late-passage MASMC increased the intracellular fluorescence level of zinc, more than the early passage MASMC did. The alterations of intracellular zinc level occur concurrently with changes in MASMC proliferation rate during aging. This data suggest that the age-associated changes in zinc concentrations may provide a new in vitro model for the study of smooth muscle cell differentiation.