• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.177-189
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• 2004

Kinematic and kinetic analysis using 3D Motion Capture system are common, yet there is little in the literature that discuss the relationship and coactivity between muscles during the golf swing. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between the employed 16 muscles during golf swing. We could observe 3 muscle patterns such as 'Line' shape, 'L' shape, and 'Loop' shape for the golf swing activity. The 'Line' shape indicates that two muscles act almost perfectly in phase, and the 'L' shape represents that two muscles act in a reciprocating manner(When one is active, the other is quiescent and vice versa). And the 'Loop' shape indicates that two muscles act sequently(After one is active, the other act). In these results, we knew the muscle patterns during golf swing is similar to the patterns during gait. And we presented it was possible to show the consistence of golf swing through the frequency analysis of muscle patterns. We believe that the results potentially useful for the golf players and coaches to analyze their performance.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2019

Androgens act in almost all tissues throughout the lifetime and have important roles in skeletal muscles. The levels of androgens increase during puberty and remain sustained at high levels in adulthood. Because androgens have an anabolic effect on skeletal muscles and muscle stem cells, these increased levels of androgens after puberty should lead to spontaneous muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia in adulthood. However, the maintenance of muscle volume, myonuclei number per myofiber, and quiescent state of satellite cells in adulthood despite the high levels of androgens produces paradoxical outcomes. Our recent study revealed that the physiological increase of androgens at puberty initiates the transition of muscle stem cells from proliferation to quiescence by the androgen-Mindbomb1-Notch signaling axis. This newly discovered androgen action on skeletal muscles underscores the physiological importance of androgens on muscle homeostasis throughout life. This review will provide an overview of the new androgen action on skeletal muscles and discuss the paradoxical effects of androgens suggested in previous studies.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.1 s.40
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• pp.115-122
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• 1993

This study was undertaken to compare the activity of masticatory muscle between normal occlusion and anterior openbite. 33 subjects without the experience of orthodontic treatment, missing teeth and the symptom of T. M. disorders were selected for this study : 25 subjects were normal occlusion and 8 subjects were anterior openbite. The ten items were measured from the cephalometric headplates, and EMG recordings of the anterior temporal and masseter muscle were taken at rest position and during maximum clenching at centric occlusion. All data were analyzed and processed with the computer statistical method. The following results were obtained : 1. At rest position, the muscle activities of both temporal and masseter muscle were higher in anterior openbite than in normal occlusion. 2. During maximum clenching, the muscle activities of both temporal and masseter muscle were prominently lower in anterior openbite than in normal occlusion. 3. At rest position, the temporal muscle of anterior openbite showed the highest muscle activity, but showed the lowest muscle activity during maximum clenching. 4. Anterior openbite showed closer interrelationship between facial morphology and the muscle activity, and the muscle activity was more influenced by the form of mandible than that of maxilla.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to analyze the effects of the increase of the femoral anteversion angle on the unbalanced quadriceps femoris muscle causing the increase of the valgus force on the knee joints and patellofemoral pain syndrome by comparing with the group that shows the smaller femoral anteversion angle. The method for the research was to compare the femoral muscle's activity while the subjects were maintaining the knee joint flexed isometrically for 10 seconds. The evaluation tool for femoral muscle's activity was QEMG-4 (model LXM 3204). The results were as followings. Firstly, in case of the experimental group, the muscle strength of the vastus lateralis muscle was strong while the rectus femoris and vastus medialis were weak. In these facts, we can see the statistically meaningful difference in vastus medialis muscle activity. Secondly, in the muscle activity analysis for vastus lateralis and medialis of the two groups, we could see the vastus lateralis muscle was strong in anteversion wider for experimental group while the vastus medialis muscle contracted far more stronger in anteversion smaller for control group. From these results, we can see the significant differences in muscle recruitment between the two groups. Above results show that if the anteversion becomes wider, vastus medialis muscle will become seriously weaker, on the other hand, vastus lateralis act stronger.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1994

Substance P[SP] has been known to be a peptide which may be plays a role as a neurotransmitter in central nervous system as well as peripheral autonomic nervous system. It has been reported that SP was widely distributed in the nerve of the tracheal smooth muscle and induced the muscle contraction. However, definite action mechanism of SP in the tracheal smooth muscle was not clear, yet. Thus, present experiment was performed to elucidate an effect of substance P and an action mechanism on contraction of the smooth muscle in rabbits. In order to find a neural mechanism to the effect of SP on the tracheal smooth muscle contraction, atropine sulfate, tetrodotoxin, propranol and phentolamine were administered at 10 min before the addition of SP. Otherwise,to find effect of SP antagonists on the action of SP, [D-Pro2, D-Try7,9]SP, [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]SP and [D-Pro4, D-Trp7,9]SP were administered as a same fashion. These following results were obtained. 1] SP induced contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle under resting condition and the contraction was increased dose-dependently. 2] Cholinergic blocker[atropine], neural blocker[tetrodotoxin] and adrenergic blocker[propranol and phentolamine] didn`t have an effect on the contractile response. 3] Three SP antagonists inhibited the contractile response. 4] Isoproterenol relaxed the contraction induced by SP. The above results suggested that SP induced contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle directly act to the smooth muscle in rabbits. The autonomic nervous system did not seem to participate in the SP action.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.165-174
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• 2022

Three proteins [myosin heavy chain (MHC), filamin-C fragment (FIL-C), and actin 2 (ACT2)] were identified in adductor muscle from diploid and triploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and the relationship between the condition index (CI) and mRNA expression of these genes was investigated, together with the mRNA expression of molluscan insulin-related peptide (MIP), C. gigas insulin receptor-related receptor (CIR), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex acid labile subunit (IGFBP-ALS). Monthly changes in the CI were similar to the changes in the tissue weight rate in both groups. ACT2 and MHC mRNA expression was statistically higher in the triploid than the diploid, while FIL-C mRNA expression was significantly higher in the diploid (p<0.05). The MIP, CIR, and IGFBP-ALS mRNA expression of the diploid oysters were all significantly higher in July than in other months (p<0.05). The MIP, CIR, and IGFBP-ALS mRNA expression in the triploid oysters was high in July, but there were no significant differences (p>0.05). Changes in the expression levels of the genes investigated in this study could be used as intrinsic indicators of the annual growth, maturity, and spawning period of cultured diploid and triploid C. gigas in Tongyeong, Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was the purification and characterization of an angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide purified from enzymatic hydrolysates of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss muscle. After removal of lipid, the approximate composition analysis of the rainbow trout revealed 24.4%, 1.7%, and 68.3% for protein, lipid, and moisture, respectively. Among six hydrolysates, the peptic hydrolysate exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity. We attempted to purify ACE inhibitory peptides from peptic hydrolysate using high performance liquid chromatography on an ODS column. The $IC_{50}$ value of purified ACE inhibitory peptide was $63.9{\mu}M$. The amino acid sequence of the peptide was identified as Lys-Val-Asn-Gly-Pro-Ala-Met-Ser-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asn, with a molecular weight of 1,220 Da, and the Lineweaver-Burk plots suggested that they act as a competitive inhibitor against ACE. Our study suggested that novel ACE inhibitory peptides purified from rainbow trout muscle protein may be beneficial as anti-hypertension compounds in functional foods.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1983

The synthesis of myosin, actin, tropomyosin and troponin in the cultured muscle cells of chick embryo during the differentiation were analyzed. The synthesis of myosin and actin were very active prior to the myoblast fusion while the troponin synthesis became active after the fusion. Tropomyosin was synthesized practically constantly throughout the culture period. Several proteins were detected in the muscle-conditioned medium strongly suggesting that the cells in culture released polypeptides which might act on the membrane of neighboring cells cells to initiate the fusion.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2021

Background: The serratus posterior inferior (SPI) muscle originates from the spinous process of T11-L2 and inserts at the lower border of the 9-12th ribs. This muscle is involved in thoracolumbar rotation and stability. Several positions can be used to improve trunk stability; the quadruped position is a good position for easily maintaining a neutral spine. In particular, during one arm lifting, various muscles act to maintain a neutral trunk position, and the SPI is one of these muscles. If trunk stability is weakened, uncontrolled trunk rotation may occur at this time. Tape can be used to increase trunk stability. There have been no studies on the effect of taping applied to the SPI muscle on thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) stability. Objects: This study compared the TLJ rotation angle between three different conditions (without taping, transverse taping, and SPI muscle direction taping). Methods: Thirty subjects were recruited to the study (18 males and 12 females). The TLJ rotation angle was measured during one arm lifting in a quadruped position (ALQP). Two taping methods (transverse and SPI muscle direction taping) were applied, and the TLJ rotation angle was measured in the same movement. Results: SPI muscle direction taping significantly reduced TLJ rotation compared to that without taping (p < 0.001) and with transverse taping (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the TLJ rotation angle between transverse taping and SPI muscle direction taping (p < 0.017). Conclusion: SPI muscle direction taping reduces the TLJ rotation angle during ALQP. Therefore, SPI muscle direction taping is one method to improve TLJ stability and reduce uncontrolled TLJ rotation during ALQP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

Although amino acids are substrates for the synthesis of proteins and nitrogen-containing compounds, it has become more and more clear over the years that these nutrients are also extremely important as regulators of body protein turnover. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) together or simply leucine alone stimulate protein synthesis and inhibit protein breakdown in skeletal muscle. However, it was only recently that the mechanism(s) involved in the regulation of protein turnover by BCAAs has begun to be defined. The acceleration of protein synthesis by these amino acids seems to occur at the level of peptide chain initiation. Oral administration of leucine to food-deprived rats enhances muscle protein synthesis, in part, through activation of the mRNA binding step of translation initiation. Despite our knowledge of the induction of protein synthesis by BCAAs, there are few studies on the suppression of protein degradation. The recent findings that oral administration of leucine rapidly reduced $N^{\tau}$-methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine; MeHis) release from isolated muscle, an index of myofibrillar protein degradation, indicate that leucine suppresses myofiblilar protein degradation. The details of the molecular mechanism by which leucine inhibits proteolysis is just beginning to be elucidated. The purpose of this report was to review the current understanding of how BCAAs act as regulators of protein turnover.