• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

Objectives : Fire needling has been applied as the treatment for various diseases and been getting much attention from Oriental medicine due to its excellent effectiveness as the results of clinical studies have reported. However, the research findings on the safety of treatment method, materials for the Fire needling needle materials and the possibility of burn injury during the procedure are still insufficient. Methods : A thermo imaging camera was used to confirm the temperature distribution on acupuncture needle and the treatment area during the fire needling therapy. Then the degree of thermal injury was observed by H&E stain and TUNEL assay. In addition, in order to assess the safety of acupuncture materials, we conducted MTT assay using a L6 cell line. Results : The average temperature of the skin surface was observed at $47{\sim}51^{\circ}C$ after classic fire needling and $30^{\circ}C$ after warming fire needling. Warming fire needling therapy does not induce a burn on the tissue and a third degree burn was observed locally in the muscle and skin layers after classic fire needling treatment. This confirms that hwa-acupuncture therapies do not cause major burns. According to the safety assessment test result, no cytotoxicity was detected in the warming fire needling materials. This confirms the safety of the acupuncture materials Conclusions : Various research results on the biological safety of fire needling. Since fire needling therapy induces a burn locally without leaving any scar, and as other results indicate, it is considered a safe treatment method.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2011

Purpose: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prevents tissue necrosis of the brain and cardiac muscle in the cardiac arrest patient and requires exact skills in order to increase survival rate. Through comparison of the training effects of feedback manikin and non-feedback manikin, this study present the effective CPR device to CPR instructors. Method: This CPR course for 80 students by using Resusci Anne $SkillReporter^{TM}$ (RASR; Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway) and Actar 911 $Squadron^{TM}$ (A911; Vital Signs, New Jersey, USA) held on December 22, 2009. Thirty seven students and two assistants were placed in one laboratory, there were five RASR manikins which provide the LED performance indicator, not the metronome. Forty two students and two assistants were placed in the other laboratory, there were 20 A911 manikins which don't provide any feedback indicator. Chest compression scores and ventilation compression scores obtaining from two groups were analysed statistically by using independent t-test. Results: Chest compression scores, average depth (mm) was 37.5 in RASR and 41.80 A911 (p=.004), too depth (#) was 2.8 in RASR and 19.4 A911 (p=.005), average number per min (#/min) was 64.4 in RASR and 68.2 A911 (p=.038), wrong hand position (#/min) was 10.9 in RASR and 30.8 A911 (p=.040). Four items that showed better scores in group RASR had statistically significant difference. Ventilation compression scores, percent correct (%) was 40.6 in RASR and 20.6 A911 (p<.001), number correct (#) was 4.7 in RASR and 2.1 A911 (p=.002), too fast (#) was 0.9 in RASR and 2.9 A911 (p=.003), average volume (ml) was 536.5 in RASR and 707.1 A911 (p=.011). Also, three items that showed better scores in group RASR had statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Regarding the positive effect of CPR training feedback, comparison between the real-time visual feedback manikin (RASR) and the non-feedback manikin (A911) showed that RASR had better results than A911 in chest compression except average number per min (it means that we need harder chest manikin) and ventilation. Verification of the training effect in the real world such as CPR outcomes is also necessary. A proper application of manikin in training circumstances and research on retention of CPR skills will be needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.221-233
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• 2002

Background and Purpose : MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) has become one of the most sensitive diagnostic tool no evaluate problems of the knee, because it enables us to identify not only osseous tissue but also soft tissues including muscle, fascia, tendon, ligament, meniscus and fat around the knee joint. Objective : To compare between MRI reading and pain, duration, physical examination in patients with pain of knee joint. Methods : 20 patients with pain of knee joint included in this study. This study researched pain-degree, duration, physical examination with pain of knee joint. Using MRI(Horizon Lx 1.0T-GE), we obtained the results. Results : 1. In the distribution of sex; Female rate was 80.0% and male rate was 20.0%. In the distribution of age, above sixty group was the largest group by each 55.0%. 2. In the distribution of MRI reading; 'Meniscus horm tear' was 70.0%, 'Osteoarthritis' was 55.5%, 'ACL partial tear' was 15.0%, 'Bone bruise at tibia, femur' was 15.0%. 3. Correlation between duration of pain and MRI reading showed that acute and subacute stage related various MRI reading, that chronic stage related 'Osteoarthritis' and 'Meniscus horn tear' by each 69.2%, 92.3%. 4. Correlation between pain and MRI reading showed that severe pain(GVI) related 'ACL partial tear, PCL partial tear' by each 100%, that mild pain(GII) related 'Osteoarthritis, Meniscus horn tear' by each 70.0%, 80.0%. 5. Correlation between physical examination and MRI reading showed that Drawer test related ACL partial tear by each 60.0%, that McMurray test related 'Meniscus horn tear' by each 75.0%. 6. Correlation between effect of treatment and MRI reading showed that 'Osteoarthritis, Meniscus horn tear' related good effect, that ACL partial tear related poor effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that acute and sever pain relate 'ACL partial tear, PCL partial tear', that chronic and mild pain related 'Osteoarthritis, Meniscus horn tear'. So it is responsibility to use MRI as a sensitive diagnostic tool in the knee problems.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2004

The eyes, the saying goes, are the windows of the soul. It's the first thing you notice about a person. Therefore, many people want to possess beautiful eyelids. Surgical formation of a palpebral fold and sulcus divides the lid into two well-defined segments (palpebral and pretarsal), producing the double eyelid desired by many Oriental women as well as an increasing number of man recently. Upper lid blepharoplasty is the Oriental eye is one of the variations of standard upper lid blepharoplasty. In Oriental double eyelid surgery, there have been two approaches to form a superior palpebral fold: the buried suture(nonincision) method and the full external incision method. Conventionally, the nonincision technique has been shown to produce little postoperative edema. However, the probability of the fold disappearing is high, and this technique cannot be performed in patients with fatty eyelids. Conversely, the incision technique has contrary characteristics. Recently, partial incision(or semi-open) technique which is combination of mentioned methods is used, this technique is removal of pretarsal tissue, muscle, and/or orbital fat around 2 or 3 incision site to facilitate tarsus-dermal adhesion. Our method is on the basis of this technique, furthermore, compared with conventional semi-open method, Y(Yang's) needle assisted double eyelid operation is more easy, convenient, saving-time method and provide satisfactory results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.284-289
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• 2011

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a disease caused by metabolic disorder of purine. General muscle stiffness and hyposomia are shown from infancy and symptoms can include involuntary or irregular movements of arms and legs, mental retardation, and compulsive self-mutilating behaviors. Self-mutilating behaviors begin at approximately the first year or sometimes at late teens. The patients bite their lips, especially lower lip, tongue, buccal mucosa, hands and fingers. Tongue and lips can be injured or mutilated in severe cases. As the patient gets older, self-mutilating behaviors become more serious and extensive and secondary infection of injured areas is possible. Periodic soft tissue damage due to self-mutilating may evolve to cancer. Medical treatment, appliance treatment, extraction of tooth and surgical operation was attempted to control self-mutilaing behaviors. We hereby report the case of child Lesch-Nyhan syndrome patient who has self-inflicted labial damage as chief complaint. When patient was treated with conservate therapy, such as removable or fixed appliance, the frequency of labial damage could be subdued and yielded favorable results.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.386-392
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• 2017

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from periodontium and have mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like characteristics. Recently, the perivascular region was recognized as the developmental origin of MSCs, which suggests the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. In this study, we investigated whether PDLSCs could be a potential source of perivascular cells, which could contribute to in vivo angiogenesis. PDLSCs exhibited typical MSC-like characteristics such as the expression pattern of surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD105) and differentiation potentials (osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation). Moreover, PDLSCs expressed perivascular cell markers such as NG2, ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin, platelet-derived growth factor receptor ${\beta}$, and CD146. We conducted an in vivo Matrigel plug assay to confirm the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. We could not observe significant vessel-like structures with PDLSCs alone or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) alone at day 7 after injection. However, when PDLSCs and HUVECs were co-injected, there were vessel-like structures containing red blood cells in the lumens, which suggested that anastomosis occurred between newly formed vessels and host circulatory system. To block the $SDF-1{\alpha}$ and CXCR4 axis between PDLSCs and HUVECs, AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was added into the Matrigel plug. After day 3 and day 7 after injection, there were no significant vessel-like structures. In conclusion, we demonstrated the perivascular characteristics of PDLSCs and their contribution to in vivo angiogenesis, which might imply potential application of PDLSCs into the neovascularization of tissue engineering and vascular diseases.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.275-285
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• 1998

Sarcoma of the uterus is very rare malignant tumor originating from uterine muscle or connective tissue. We have experienced 20 cases of uterine sarcoma from January 1991 to June 1998. The results were as follows: 1. The pathologic types were 13 cases(65.0%) of leiomyosarcoma, 5 cases(25.0%) of malignant mixed Mullerian tumor, 1 case of rhabdomyosarcoma, and 1 case of angiosarcoma. 2. The average age and parity was 50.2 and 3.7. The chief complaints were irregular vaginal bleeding(35.0%), lower abdominal pain(25.0%), and abdominal mass(25.0%). 3. Nine cases(45.0%) were FIGO stage I, 1 case(5.0%) was stage II, 6 cases(30.0%) were stage III, and 4 cases(20.0%) were stage IV. 4. The survival was from 1.5 months to over 130 months(median 16.5 months), and there was no correlation between survival and FIGO stage or pathologic type. The correlation between survival and number of mitotic figure was incalcurable. 5. CA 125 levels were serially measured as a tumor marker in monitoring patients and the positive rate was 40%. Further study was needed to make a conclusion for usefulness of CA 125 as a tumor marker.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1999

To elucidate the mechanism of age-related development in FGS/NgaKIST mice with spontaneous glomerulosclerotic lesion, we examined expression and localization of various cytokine mRNA in the kidney in the progression of diseases. This mouse model is the first to develop spontanously occuring glomerosclerotic lesion in the kidney. In this study, we detected the up-regulation of local cytokine genes such as IL-1$\beta$, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-$\alpha$, TGF-$\beta$, and IFN- $\gamma$ in the kidneys. In RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis, we detected gradual expressions of cytokine mRNA of IL-1$\beta$, IL-2, IL-6, IFN- $\gamma$, and TNF $\alpha$ mRNA during the course of disease. Other cytokines including IL -10 and TGF -$\beta$ were found to be appeared the slightly expressed level at 3 to 12 weeks before onset of inflammatory lesion but they are highly expressed at the end-stage of the disease accompaning high proteinurea and wasting. In situ RT-PCR, each cytokine mRNA were specifically localized in a variety of cells including mesangial, endothelial, parietal epithelial, tubular epithelial, arterial muscle cell, and infiltrated inflammatory cells. In addition, TNF - $\alpha$was detected moderately in the visceral and parietal epithelial cell, but weakly in endothelial and mesangial cells, whereas IL-1 $\beta$ and IL -6 were strong in mesangial regions. IL-6 and TNF- $\alpha$ was highly localized in the damaged proximal and collecting tubules. Especially, TGF -$\beta$ mRNA was highly found in mesangial cells within glomerulus and interstitium during the end-stage of this disease.. These results indicate that pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 $\beta$, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF- $\alpha$ were gradually expressed from the early stage of this disease to the end-stage, and that IL-10 and TGF-$\beta$ may be important in the accumulation of extracellular matrix(ECM) within glomerulus and periglomerular fibrosis in the progression of this disease as well as tissue destruction in end-stage of this disease.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.217-228
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• 1995

The study was designed to investigate the effects of progesterone on the reproductive system. This investigation was performed by immunohistochemical methods using anti-bromodeoxyuridine-antibody following bromodeoxyuridine(Brdur) injection for labeling proliferating cells in the uterus and ovary of rats. Sixteen female rats(Wistar), weighing initially 300g, were randomly allotted into ovariectomized and unovariectomized large groups. These two large groups were subdivided into three subgroups of control, 3-day and 6-day groups, respectively. 3-days and 6-days group were injected with 1mg of progesterone/rat/day for 3 or 6 days, respectively. In gross findings, the uterus of ovariectomized groups markedly atrophied, and were not hypertrophied by progesterone injection for 3 days or 6 days and the uterus of unovariectomized groups also were not hypertrophied. Labeling index(LI, %) was measured by counting the number of Brdur-positive cells from 300 to 3,000 cells per layer in the uterus tissue. The average LI of the uterus in unovariectomized groups was higher than that of ovariectomized groups. The subgroups with higher LI in unovariectomized groups were ordered as 6-day group, 3-day group. So progesterone considerably effected to the proliferating of the cells in the uterus of unovariectomized groups. The layers with higher LI in the uterus wall were ordered as the functional zone of endometrium, epithelial layer of endometrium, basal zone of endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium. The cell types with higher LI in the uterus of unovariectomized groups were ordered as the surface epithelial cells, stromal cells, glandular epithelial cells and muscle cells. Growing follicles with proliferating cells from secondary and tertiary follicles in the ovary of unovariectomized groups appeared to be 37.66% in control group, 39.23% in 3-day groups, 39.47% in 6-day groups. Mature follicles in the ovary were more number in control group than those in 3-day groups but not appeared in 6-day groups. So progesterone not nearly effects to the number of the growing follicles but appeared to be related to suppression of the development and protrusion of the mid-tertiary and mature follicles on the ovary surface. The cell types with higher LI in the ovary of unovariectomized groups were respectively ordered as granulosa cells, theca interns cells in secondary follicles; theca interna cells, granulosa cells, theca externa cells in tertiary follicles; fibroblasts, theca in terns cells in atretic follicles; fibroblasts, luteal cells in corpus luteum.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.515-523
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• 2001

Background: More than 70% of morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus is due to macrovascular complications. These complications may be associated with defect of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. There have been suggestions that this defect might be due to direct toxicities of oxygen-free radical. So in this study ascorbic acid was used as a dietary supplement in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to correct this defect. Material and Method: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were divided into control and experimental groups. Streptozotocin was injected to the 33 rats of experimental group and then divided into two the other receiving subgroups; one receiving ascorbic acid supplement(1 g/l in drinking water); and nosupplements. At 6, 9 and 12 weeks, abdominal aortic rings were obtained to make tissue preparations for evaluation of vascular smooth muscle contractility. Result: While control group showed good response to acetylcholine induced relaxation, diabetic group showed decreased relaxation regardless of ascorbic acid supplement at the experiments 6 weeks after streptozotocin treatment. This abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation was markedly reversed at 9 and 12 weeks into the diabetic group with ascorbic acid supplement. There were no differences in sodium nitroprusside induced relaxation responses between control and experimental groups; also, norepinephrine induced contractile responses did not show any remarkable effects. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the endothelial cells have defects in diabetic rats. Dietary supplement of ascorbic acid can reverse the defects of diabetic endothelial cells through its antioxidant effects and it may further protect against vascular disease in diabetic patients.