• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2947-2950
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• 2007

A 3D human ventricular model is proposed to simulate an integrative analysis of heart physiology and blood hemodynamics. This consists of the models of electrophysiology of human cells, electric wave propagation of tissue, heart solid mechanics, and 3D blood hemodynamics. The 3D geometry of human heart is discretized to a finite element mesh for the simulation of electric wave propagation and mechanics of heart. In cellular level, excitations by action potential are simulated using the existing human model. Then the contraction mechanics of a whole cell is incorporated to the excitation model. The excitation propagation to ventricular cells are transiently computed in the 3D cardiac tissue using a mono-domain method of electric wave propagation in cardiac tissue. Blood hemodynamics in heart is also considered and incorporated with muscle contraction. We use a PISO type finite element method to simulate the blood hemodynmaics in the human ventricular model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2229-2234
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• 2012

Purpose: To assess efficacy of Ki67 combined with VEGF as a molecular grading model to predict outcomes with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials: 72 NMIBC patients who underwent transurethral resection (TUR) followed by routine intravesical instillations were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to confirm the prognostic values of the Ki67 labeling index (LI) and VEGF scoring for tumor recurrence and progression. Results: The novel molecular grading model for NMIBC contained three molecular grades including mG1 (Ki67 $LI{\leq}25%$, VEGF $scoring{\leq}8$), mG2 (Ki67 LI>25%, VEGF $scoring{\leq}8$; or Ki67 $LI{\leq}25%$, VEGF scoring > 8), and mG3 (Ki67 LI > 25%, VEGF scoring > 8), which can indicate favorable, intermediate and poor prognosis, respectively. Conclusions: The described novel molecular grading model utilizing Ki67 LI and VEGF scoring is helpful to effectively and accurately predict outcomes and optimize personal therapy.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2008

Abnormal activation of nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). In this report, we evaluated the efficacy of curcumin, a potent $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor, in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD. We found that it improved sarcolemmic integrity and enhanced muscle strength after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Histological analysis revealed that the structural defects of myofibrils were reduced, and biochemical analysis showed that creatine kinase (CK) activity was decreased. We also found that levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-\alpha$), interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1\beta$) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the mdx mice were decreased by curcumin administration. EMSA analysis showed that $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity was also inhibited. We thus conclude that curcumin is effective in the therapy of muscular dystrophy in mdx mice, and that the mechanism may involve inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. Since curcumin is a non-toxic compound derived from plants, we propose that it may be useful for DMD therapy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2020

A 13-month-old, 3.3 kg castrated male Shih-tzu presented with right hindlimb lameness. The physical examination revealed atrophy of the right thigh muscles, hyperextension of the stifle joint and external torsion of the tibia. On the radiographic examination, patella alta and genu recurvatum were observed. A biapical deformity of the tibia and external torsion of the distal tibia were detected by computed tomography (CT). A three-dimensional (3D) printed bone model was designed and constructed for the preoperative plan prior to surgery. Rectus femoris muscle transposition, femoral shortening ostectomy and open wedge osteotomy of the distal tibia were performed using hybrid external skele/t0al fixation (hybrid-ESF). A dynamic stifle flexion apparatus was used to prevent recurrence of a quadriceps contracture (QC). Intense physiotherapy was administered postoperatively. The dog began to use the affected limb one week after surgery. Functional improvement in the affected limb was observed, and full weight-bearing was possible at 3 months after surgery. Union of the osteotomy lines was observed at 3 months, and the stifle joint was fully movable at 7 months after surgery. Regarding the treatments for QC, these methods may be excellent candidates, as they do not lead to severe damage to the limb or amputation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.172-183
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• 2017

Vitamin A and its metabolites modulate insulin resistance and regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which are also known to affect insulin resistance. Here, we tested, whether vitamin A-mediated changes in insulin resistance markers are associated with SCD1 regulation or not. For this purpose, 30-week old male lean and glucose-intolerant obese rats of WNIN/GR-Ob strain were given either a stock or vitamin A-enriched diet, i.e. 2.6 mg or 129 mg vitamin A/kg diet, for 14 weeks. Compared to the stock diet, vitamin A-enriched diet feeding improved hyperglycemia and glucose-clearance rate in obese rats and no such changes were seen in lean rats receiving identical diets. These changes were corroborated with concomitant increase in circulatory insulin and glycogen levels of liver and muscle (whose insulin signaling pathway genes were up-regulated) in obese rats. Further, the observed increase in muscle glycogen content in these obese rats could be explained by increased levels of the active form of glycogen synthase, the key regulator of glycogen synthesis pathway, possibly inactivated through increased phosphorylation of its upstream inhibitor, glycogen synthase kinase. However, the unaltered hepatic SCD1 protein expression (despite decreased mRNA level) and increased muscle-SCD1 expression (both at gene and protein levels) suggest that vitamin A-mediated changes on glucose metabolism are not associated with SCD1 regulation. Chronic consumption of vitamin A-enriched diet improved hyperglycemia and glucose-intolerance, possibly, through the regulation of intracellular signaling and glycogen synthesis pathways of muscle and liver, but not associated with SCD1.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2020

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), manual acupuncture (MA), and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are used to treat a variety of pain conditions. These non-pharmacological treatments are often thought to work through similar mechanisms, and thus should have similar effects for different types of pain. However, it is unclear if each of these treatments work equally well on each type of pain condition. The purpose of this study was to compared the effects of TENS, MA, and SCS on neuropathic, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory pain models. Methods: TENS 60 Hz, 200 ㎲, 90% motor threshold (MT), SCS was applied at 60 Hz, an intensity of 90% MT, and a 0.25 ms pulse width. MA was performed by inserting a stainless-steel needle to a depth of about 4-5 mm at the Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Zusanli (ST36) acupoints on a spared nerve injury (SNI), knee joint inflammation (3% carrageenan), and non-inflammatory muscle pain (intramuscular pH 4.0 injections) in rats. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds of the paw, muscle, and/or joint were assessed before and after induction of the pain model, and daily before and after treatment. Results: The reduced withdrawal thresholds were significantly reversed by application of either TENS or SCS (P < 0.05). MA, on the other hand, increased the withdrawal threshold in animals with SNI and joint inflammation, but not chronic muscle pain. Conclusions: TENS and SCS produce similar effects in neuropathic, inflammatory and non-inflammatory muscle pain models while MA is only effective in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1980

Etomidoline ($Nonspa^{\circledR}$), which is chemically related to tertiary amine, is new synthetic antispasmodic agent with analgesic action. Antispasmodic effect of this agent is stronger than hyoscine butylbromide ($Buscopan^{\circledR}$), quaternary amine, and the absorption from intestine is also much higher. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of etomidoline on duodenal motility and other smooth muscles of rabbit. Strips of various isolated smooth muscle, 2 cm long from adult rabbits weighting about 2 kg, were suspended in a muscle chamber containing Tyrode's solution, which was bubbled with oxygen gas, and the temperature of the solution was kept constant at $38^{\circ}C$. After being washed with fresh solution several times the strips of smooth muscle attained constant motility and tonus. Etomidoline and other drugs were added in various concentrations to the chamber. Contractility of the strips was measured by using polygraph (Grass, model 7). The results are as follows: 1) In isolated rabbit atrium etomidoline produces a slight depression of contractility and the rate is also decreased. 2) On the other hand, etomidoline relaxed isolated strips of stomach, duodenal, and detrusor of rabbit. This relaxing effect of etomidoline on isolated duodenal strip of rabbit was not blocked by ${\alpha}$-adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, but by ${\beta}$-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol. 3) Etomidoline did not exert any effect on isolated aorta, gall bladder, and trigone of rabbit. From the above results, it may be concluded that the relaxing effect of etomidoline on duodenal strip is related ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2000

Hershberger assay is known as one of the in vivo-short-term scrrning assays for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), but this method is not a validated test system. In the present study, the establishment of Hershberger assay to detect EDCs was tried using a model substance, di(n-butyl)phthalate (DBP), a plasticizer for plastics. Thirty-six immature male rats were randomly assigned to six groups: DBP 0, 40, 200, and 1000mg/kg, a positive control (flutamide 20 mg/kg), and a combination group(DBP 1000mg/kg and testosterone 50 ug/kg). DBP and flutamide were administered by gavage to male rats from day 21 to 40 post partum. Testosterone was subcutaneously injected during the same period. We evaluated body weigth gain, weights of ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, and levator ani and bulvocavernous muscle, and serum concentrations of testosterone and lutenizing hormone in male rats. The weights of seminal vesicle and levator ani and bulvocavernous muscle of males receiving 1000mg/kg of DBP was significantly lower than controls. There was no effect of DBP-treatment on body weight gain, prostate weight, and hormone concentrations. In the positive control group, the weights of seminal vesicle and levator ani and bulvocavernous muscle of males receiving 20mg/kg of flutamide were significantly lower than controls. In the combination group, there was no effect of co-treatment of DBP and testosterone on all parameters effect against DBP. This method was found to be a useful short-term screening assay system for EDCs.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strengthening exercises of hip abductors on muscle strength and ambulation for patients with ACL reconstruction. Methods: The subjects were randomly assigned to the intervention group (general exercise plus strengthening of hip abductors) or the control group (general exercise without the strengthening of hip abductors). Both groups participated in a six-week exercise protocol after the surgery for ACL reconstruction. The knee strength test (quadriceps, hamstring, hip abductor) and gait analysis were performed in pretest and post-test. Results: Muscle strength was measured using the Biodex system III model (Biodex Medical System, Inc, NY, US). The results showed no significant difference in knee strength (quadriceps, hamstring) between the two groups (p>0.05), however, there was a significant difference in hip abductors (p<0.05). The gait analysis was measured with Gaitrite system (CIR System Inc, US). Results of comparison between groups showed a significant increase in the step length of both groups. (p<0.05), and there was a significant difference in the affected leg of the intervention group(p<0.05). Conclusion: Exercise of hip abductors for patients with ACL reconstruction provides significant benefits with respect to improvement of muscle strength in hip abductors, increasing the stride. This result indicates that a training program designed for ACL reconstruction patients should include strengthening of the hip abductor. We think that further study is needed to determine the relationship of hip muscles and knee joint for patients with ACL reconstruction.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1972

Superprecipitation of actomyosin has been considered to be an in vitro model of the muscle contraction. The superprecipitation and ATPase activity (which supplies the energy for contraction) are influenced by several factors which are the large amount of changes in ionic strength, Mg and ATP concentrations. But those behaviors are found to be promptly influenced by the change in a small range of calcium concentration which can be controlled by the cellular function of muscle physiologically only in the presence of the modullatory proteins, tropomyosin and troponin. In order to elucidate the precise roles of calcium in the muscle contraction and relaxation, the effects of calcium on the actin- myosin interaction was observed in the presence of tropomyosin and troponin using the superprecipitation system. The results are summarized as follows: 1. EGTA (glycol ether diaminetetraacetic acid)prolonged the initiation of the superprecipitation of natural actomyosin. 2. Superprecipitation curve was declined by adding EGTA at the time when tile curve reached the half- maximum. The degree of declining was proportional to the amount of EGTA added. Especially, upon adding 0.25 mM EGTA the curve was lowered to the level before the protein superprecipitated. But addition of EGTA did not affect the curve after attaining the maximum. 3. Superprecipitation of Perry myosin B was not affected by EGTA added both before and during the course of the reaction. 4. Tropomyosin did not change the response of Perry myosin B to EGTA added at any time of the reaction. 5. Troponin also did not change the response of Perry myosin B to EGTA. 6. Both tropomyosin and troponin together rendered the Perry myosin B to obtain the same response as natural actomyosin to EGTA. 7. It was concluded that actin-myosin interaction was influenced by the minute change of calcium concentration only in the presence of both tropomyosin and troponin. We could reproduce the contraction and relaxation of the muscle in vitro under the presence of ATP by changing the calcium concentration.