• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1799-1808
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• 2006

This study was designed to explore the effects of marbling on meat quality characteristics and intramuscular connective tissue of beef longissimus muscle. Chemical determinations, histological and mechanical measurements were performed on the raw and cooked meat at d 4 postmortem. The results showed that crude fat, collagen, fiber diameter and maximum transition temperature of intramuscular connective tissue increased (p<0.05) with the increase of marbling score. The cooking losses, collagen solubility, WBSF and perimysial thickness decreased (p<0.05) with the increasing marbling. WBSF correlated (p<0.05) with moisture, crude fat, collagen, cooking losses, sarcomere length and perimysial thickness. The development of marbling results in the decline in cooking losses, the avoidance of sarcomere shortening, and the disorganization of the perimysia, which accounts for the improvement of beef tenderness.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.457-463
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• 2016

The goal of this work was to investigate the correlations between MyHC mRNA transcription and their corresponding protein expressions in porcine longissimus muscle (LM) during postnatal growth of pigs. Five DLY ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) crossbred pigs were selected, slaughtered and sampled at postnatal 7, 30, 60, 120, and 180 days, respectively. Each muscle was subjected to quantity MyHCs protein contents through an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to quantity myosin heavy-chains (MyHCs) mRNA abundances using real-time polymerase chain reaction. We calculated the proportion (%) of each MyHC to total of four MyHC for two levels, respectively. Moreover, the activities of several key energy metabolism enzymes were determined in LM. The result showed that mRNA transcription and protein expression of MyHC I, IIa, IIx and IIb in LM all presented some obvious changes with postnatal aging of pigs, especially at the early stage after birth, and their mRNA transcriptions were easy to be influenced than their protein expressions. The relative proportion of each MyHC mRNA was significantly positively related to that of its corresponding protein (p<0.01), and MyHC I mRNA proportion was positively correlated with creatine kinase (CK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities (p<0.05). These data suggested that MyHC mRNA transcription can be used to reflect MyHC expression, metabolism property and adaptive plasticity of porcine skeletal muscles, and MyHC mRNA composition could be a molecular index reflecting muscle fiber type characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of bridge exercise on the structural characteristics of trunk muscles in patients with lumbar pain by applying the exercise on either a stable or an unstable surface. Methods: Thirty subjects participated in the experiment and were randomly divided into an unstable bridge exercise group (UBEG) and a stable bridge exercise group (SBEG). The exercise program for each group was conducted three times a week over a six-week period. The structural characteristics of trunk muscles were measured by obtaining images using an ultrasound imaging device. Results: The thicknesses of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse abdominis (TrA) and the fiber angle of the erector spinae (ES) in the UBEG and the SBEG showed statistically significant increases in all items measured after the experiment. A comparison of groups conducted after the experiment to determine the effects of the exercise on each group showed no significant differences between groups for any of the measured items. Conclusion: A comprehensive review of the study results showed statistically significant increases in the thicknesses of the EO, IO, and TrA and the fiber angle of ES in both the UBEG and the SBEG. While the comparison of the groups with respect to the effects of the exercise revealed no significant differences, there were relatively larger effects in the UBEG than in the SBEG.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various marination processes on the quality characteristics of chicken breast prepared with chicken feet gelatin and wheat fiber. The chicken feet gelatin was swollen with hydrochloric solution (0.1 N HCl, pH $1.31{\pm}0.02$) and dehydrated by freeze-drying. The composition (w/w) of the marinade was water (10%), soy sauce (12%), phosphate (0.3%), wheat fiber (1.5%), and chicken feet gelatin (1.5%). Three samples of chicken breast were manufactured with Tumbler (only tumbler), Tenderizer (tenderizer and tumbler), and Injector (injector and tumbler). The water content of the Injector sample was significantly higher than those of the Tumbler and Tenderizer samples (p<0.05). During heating, the lightness of all chicken breasts increased and the redness decreased. The tumbling and cooking yield of the Injector sample were significantly higher than those of the Tumbler and Tenderizer samples (p<0.05). The shear force of the Tenderizer sample was significantly lower than that of the Tumbler and Injector samples (p<0.05). No significant differences, except for color, were observed in the sensory analysis of the samples. Thus, the proper selection of mechanical processing is important to improve the quality characteristics of marinated chicken breast, considering the types of final products.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to systematically review the effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation treatment on muscle wasting in cancer patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from seven online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean studies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service. The selected RCTs were evaluated for methodological quality through the Cochrane RoB. Results A total of 126 articles were identified, and 4 randomized controlled trials were selected for systematic review. In one study, it was found that there were statistically significant improvements in the Health-Related Quality of Life (FACTH&N total score, p<0.001). Additionally, significant effects were observed in measurements that represented the size of the quadriceps muscle (cross-sectional area of Vastus lateralis and Rectus femoris, p=0.004), maximum muscle strength, the twitch response of resistance muscles, and voluntary activation (p<0.001). However, no significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups in terms of quadriceps muscle strength in two other studies (p>0.05). Lastly, while one study showed no significant differences in muscle fiber characteristics between the two groups, it did report significant improvements in measurements related to mitochondria within muscle tissue and muscle strength in the intervention group (p<0.05). Conclusions Neuromuscular electrical stimulation can be a method used to improve muscle strength in muscle wasting of cancer patients, but it is difficult to see its effects as significant compared to other treatments.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1993년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.145-150
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• 1993

It is an important component of the diagnosis to research the morphological changes of EMG in pathological conditions. In order to provide an EMG signal resulting from a predetermined neuromuscular pathophysiology, we have initially developed a mathmatical model of electromyographic interference pattern(IP). It can be used to study the variation of the IP resulting from morphological and electrophysiological changes occurring in disease states, because the model computes the IP from the underlying fiber and muscle structure. We performed quantative analysis or the model output, focusing on IPs resulting from simulations of dystrophic fiber loss and the MU denervation and reinnervation typical of neuropathies. To discribe the characteristics of IPs associated with these pathologies, a set of frequency domain discriptors, activity, mobility, and complexity were used, as well as several measures of the spectral density function. These discriptors demonstrate distinct patterns of variation corresponding to morphological changes observed in disease states, and closely with results obtained from the classical method, turn/amp technique.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2005

The objective of this research was to find an indirect method to estimate spectral reflectance and NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) efficiently, using the spectroradiometer and NOAA AVHRR satellite data. For collecting RS base data, used spectro-radiometer that measures reflection characteristics between 300~1,100nm was used and measured the reflection of vegetation from paddy rice during the growing season at Chungbuk national university's farm in 2002. The feasibility of detecting the temporal variation in the spectral reflectance and NDVI in paddy rice were conducted on eight growth stages. AVHRR data were collected in eight different months over a one year period in 2002. The results were compared with those obtained by analyzing NDVI characteristics. The spectral reflectance and NDVI of paddy rice have a great effect on the growth condition. Considerably, NDVI was increased by developing muscle fiber tissue at the near infrared wavelength until the Booting stage. Then the NDVI increased until the Maturity stage and then decreased until harvest. The highest month was at July and the lower month was at March. The difference NDVI analysis using March and another months data was conducted, the results were provided information on the growth condition of crops.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.649-654
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• 2005

This study proposes a particular approach to assess information about NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and LAI(Leaf Area Index) from the spectroradiometer and NOAA/AVHRR satellite data. AVHRR data were collected in twelves months over a one year period in 2004. We calculated 10-day composite NDVI using daily composite AVHRR surface reflectance products(1km spatial resolution). The 10-day composite NDVI have a great effect on the plant growth conditions. Considerably, NDVI was increased by developing muscle fiber tissue from April to May. Then the NDVI increased until the August and then decreased until February. The highest month was at August and the lower month was at December. The difference NDVI analysis using December and another months data was conducted, the results were provided information on the variation of vegetation coverage. The result suggest that a relationship established between the LAI and NDVI in 2004.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.260-271
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different stocker management programs on skeletal muscle development and growth characteristics, satellite cell (SC) activity in growing-finishing beef cattle as well as the effects of SC-conditioned media on preadipocyte gene expression and differentiation. Fall-weaned Angus steers (n = 76; $258{\pm}28kg$) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 stocker production systems: 1) grazing dormant native range (NR) supplemented with a 40% CP cottonseed meal-based supplement ($1.02kg{\cdot}steer^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) followed by long-season summer grazing (CON, 0.46 kg/d); 2) grazing dormant NR supplemented with a ground corn and soybean meal-based supplement fed at 1% of BW followed by short-season summer grazing (CORN, 0.61 kg/d); 3) grazing winter wheat pasture (WP) at high stocking density (3.21 steers/ha) to achieve a moderate rate of gain (LGWP, 0.83 kg/d); and 4) grazing winter WP at low stocking density (0.99 steers/ha) to achieve a high rate of gain (HGWP, 1.29 kg/d). At the end of the stocker (intermediate harvest, IH) and finishing (final harvest, FH) phases, 4 steers / treatment were harvested and longissimus muscles (LM) sampled for cryohistological immunofluorescence analysis and SC culture assays. At IH, WP steers had greater LM fiber cross-sectional area than NR steers; however, at FH, the opposite was observed (p < 0.0001). At IH, CORN steers had the lowest Myf-5+:Pax7+ SC density (p = 0.020), while LGWP steers had the most Pax7+ SC (p = 0.043). At FH, CON steers had the highest LM capillary density (p = 0.003) and their cultured SC differentiated more readily than all other treatments (p = 0.017). At FH, Pax7 mRNA was more abundant in 14 d-old SC cultures from HGWP cattle (p = 0.03). Preadipocytes exposed to culture media from proliferating SC cultures from WP cattle isolated at FH had more $PPAR{\gamma}$ (p = 0.037) and less FABP4 (p = 0.030) mRNA expression compared with NR cattle. These data suggest that different stocker management strategies can impact skeletal muscle growth, SC function, and potentially impact marbling development in growing-finishing beef cattle.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2023

액정 엘라스토머 섬유는 1차원 형태로서 소프트 로봇, 생체모방 구동기 등의 다양한 분야에서 광범위하게 응용되고 있다. 액정 엘라스토머는 액체의 유동성과 고체의 질서도 그리고 고무의 탄성을 포함하며 이를 바탕으로 한 자극-응답성을 가지고 있다. 특히, 형상가변 측면에서 열, 빛, 전기장, 자기장 등의 다양한 자극에 대한 응답성을 프로그래밍하여 사용하면 높은 자유도와 더불어 물건 들어올리기, 꼬임, 회전 등 다양한 움직임을 구현할 수 있다. 따라서, 액정 엘라스토머 섬유는 인공근육, 소프트로봇, 웨어러블 기술, 센싱 기술 등 다양한 분야로의 응용가능성을 가지고 있다. 이런 액정 엘라스토머 섬유의 연구는 기존 단순 섬유를 넘어서는 다양한 기능성을 포함할 수 있는 스마트 소재로서 도래한 4차 산업에서 다양한 분야에 활용도가 높다고 평가된다. 본 총설에서는 액정 엘라스토머 섬유의 구조 및 기본 특성에 대해 소개하고, 배향 기반 제작법과 이를 이용한 인공근육, 스마트 패브릭, 소프트 로봇 등, 다양한 응용에 대해 최신 연구 동향을 소개한다.