• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of Rocking forward, Rocking backward Exercise and MET(Muscle Energy Techniques) to three patients who had sway-back posture. Methods : Three patients diagnosed as sway-back posture, not have discogetic pain, were hospitalized Bu-Chun Jaseng hospital of Oriental Medicine about 20 days and they were treated by Rocking forward, Rocking backward Exercise and MET. To measure the outcome of the patients' improvement, we observed the X-ray of Whole spine and Numerical Rating Scale(NRS). Results : After being treated by Rocking forward, Rocking backward Exercise and MET, the patients' posture was significantly improved and the pain was reduced. The X-ray of Whole spine became almost normal and the improvement of patients' in the NRS score was detected. Conclusions : These results suggest that Rocking forward, Rocking backward Exercise and MET were effective treatment on patients who had sway-back posture.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of Muscle Energy Techniques(MET) and Oriental Medicine to a patient who had Acquired Rotating Torticollis. Methods : A patient diagnosed as acquired torticollis was hospitalized at Buchun Jaseng hospital of Oriental Medicine for 28 days and she was treated by MET, herbal medicine and acupuncture. To measure the outcome of the patient's improvement, we observed Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), Neck Disablility Index(NDI), Tsui's Scale and the X-rays of Whole spine. Results : After being treated by MET and Oriental Medicine, the patient's pain was reduced and the head rotating was significantly improved. The improvement of patient in the NRS, NDI, Tsui's Scale was detected and the X-ray of Whole spine became normal. Conclusions : As seen in this case, complexed therapy with MET and Oriental Medicine is effective treating method to control pain and head rotating for patients with acquired rotating torticollis.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2024

Background: This study examined the effects of the muscle energy technique and cervical traction after applying conservative physical therapy to patients with cervical radiculopathy. Methods: Twenty-six patients with cervical radiculopathy were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (n=13) and the control group (n=13). The two groups performed the muscle energy technique and for 4 weeks, 3 times a week, in 70-minute sessions. Pain, range of motion, function, and muscle performance were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), cervical range of motion (CROM) goniometer, neck disability index (NDI), and stabilizer pressure biofeedback, before and after training. Results: After four weeks of therapy, the VAS (p<.001), NDI (p<.01), and the maximum strength of the deep neck flexion muscles significantly decreased (p<.01) and CROM significantly increased in both groups (p<.05). Conclusion: The muscle energy technique and therapeutic modalities such as cervical traction are effective in reducing VAS and NDI and increasing CROM and muscle performance in patients with cervical radiculopathy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare muscle activity after applying two muscle energy techniques (MET) to subjects with forward head posture to see if the post isometric relaxation (PIR) technique is more effective than the reciprocal inhibition (RI) technique. Methods : The muscle activity was measured using EMG after applying the PIR and RI techniques to 30 adults at K College. Subjects were selected for forward head posture whose ear center was 2.5 ㎝ front of the center of the shoulder. EMG equipment was used to measure muscle activity, and the measurement sites were measured in cervical flexor and extensor muscles. The experiment period was performed once a week for a total of two weeks, and after the pre-measurement was performed for 5 minutes PIR and RI exercise. In the PIR technique, the head is tilted back in a sitting position, and the experimenter applies resistance with the same force for 7~10 seconds and repeats 3-5 times after rest. In the RI technique, in a sitting position, the subject gives the force to bend the head forward, and the experimenter applies resistance with the same force for 7 to 10 seconds, and repeats 3 to 5 times after rest. Results : The result is same as the following. In the comparison of muscle activity, there was a significant decrease in both PIR and RI at 1 and 2 weeks. And there was a greater decrease in muscle activity in PIR. There was no difference in the comparison of decrease in muscle activity at 1 week and 2 week. Conclusion : Both PRI and RI can be said to be effective in improving the function of the forward head posture in the neck muscles. Therefore, the selection of the two techniques in clinical practice should be appropriately performed under the judgment of experts according to the patient's situation.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

Objectives : To evaluate the clinical utility of MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients. Methods : We compared electrical activity between a before MET and a after MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients in same group(n=30) in dynamic flexion-reextension state during five seconds. We analyzed amplitudes and areas of electrical activity and asymmetry index(AI). Results : 1. After MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients were significantly decreased in Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) than before MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients(p<0.05). 2. After MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients were lower electrical activity than before MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients but it is not a pointless observation(p<0.05). 3. AI of the after MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients significantly decreased compared with before MET in elector spinae muscle on low back pain patients(p<0.05). Conclusions : According to above results, there is clinical effect MET on low back pain patients.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Object : This study was planned to show the influences of MET(muscle energy techniques) treatment and acupuncture treatment on iliopsoas muscles of sprain and strain of lumbar spine patients. Method : This study was carried out on the 39 patients who had been treated for their sprain and strain of lumbar spine from March 2 to October 15, 2010 in the department of oriental rehabilitaion medicine, Dongsuwon oriental medicine hospital. And 22 out of 39 patients had a tenderness and pain in their iliopsoas muscles. And we divided those 22 patients into 2 groups by blocked randomization; group A took near acupuncture point needling treatment on the iliopsoas muscles, group B took MET(muscle energy techniques) treatment on the iliopsoas muscles. To evaluate the efficiency of each treatment, all patients were examined with VAS(visual analogue scale) before treatment and after the 3rd, 5th treatment. Result : On the VAS, it was decreased significantly after treatment in all groups. And it didn't show the clear difference between two groups. Conclusion : In this study, it did not show statistical difference in VAS between two groups.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.171-188
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to analyze the actual investigation and classification of osteopathic manipulation by investigation of the various literature of the inside and outside of the country, and to present the application plan of osteopathy in chuna manual therapy for meridian sinew system. Methods : I referred to the domestic and foreign books about osteopathy and chiropractic. In order to investigate domestic dissertations, I searched 4 Korean medical databases and 4 Korean medical journals of osteopathy. Search terms used were osteopathy, osteopathic, fascia, proprioreceptor, mechanoreceptor, muscle spindle, golgi tendon organ, osteopathic manipulation technics. And I classified all the searched studies into principle and region and etc. In order to investigate foreign dissertations, I search 'NCBI pubmed'. Search terms used were osteopathy, osteopathic technique, osteopathic manipulative technique. Results : 1. Osteopathy do not regard the systems which compose the human body in individual territory, but regard whole. It is diagnosis, prevention and medicine which treats 2. Osteopathic manipulation techniques are classified into direct techniques, indirect techniques, and compound techniques. 3. Osteopathic manipulation techniques are classified into fascia, muscle, ligament-joint in applied region. 4. I could search clinical cases in domestic and foreign study. I found cases about myofascial release technique(MFR), postisometric relaxation(PIR), proprioceptive neuromuscular fascilitation(PNF), muscle energy technique(MET), joint mobilization in domestic studies, and strain-counterstrain technique(SCS), MET, AK in foreign studies. Conclusions : Osteopathic manipulation techniques can be used in diagnosis and treatment of meridian muscle theory, because osteopathy and the oriental medicine have many similarities in theoretical background. So osteopathic manipulation technique can be useful in oriental medicine treatment techniques.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2014

Objectives To evaluate the clinical usefulness between muscle energy techniques (MET) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS), we performed both on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients. Methods After performing MET and TENS, we compared both in terms of electrical activity. We performed MET or TENS on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients in each group (n=15,15). After performing MET or TENS, we analyzed root mean square (RMS), median edge frequency (MEF) and asymmetry index (AI). Results 1. After performing MET on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients, RMS was significantly decreased compared with before (p<0.005). 2. After performing TENS on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients, RMS was significantly decreased compared with before (p<0.005). 3. After performing MET on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients, asymmetric index was significantly decreased compared with before (p<0.05). Conclusions According to above results, performing MET on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients has effect in terms of RMS and asymmetric index. And performing TENS on elector spinae muscle of acute low back pain patients also has similar effect in terms of RMS but has not in terms of asymmetric index.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review articles in order to establish optimal contraction intensity and duration in the performance of relaxation techniques for maximal increase in range of motion. Methods: The Cochrane, EBSCO, Embase, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were used to search articles from 1990 to January 2016. The search terms were "contract relax," "hold relax," "muscle energy technique (MET)," and "proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching." Only experimental human studies (randomized controlled trials) that compared the effects of varying intensity and duration of isometric contraction were included. Non-English language and unpublished studies were excluded. Results: A total of 2,156 articles were initially identified, with only five eventually meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three studies compared the effects of varying intensity in isometric contraction and two studies compared the effects of varying duration in isometric contraction with regard to range of motion (ROM). Two articles suggested that submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was more effective than maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the improvement of ROM. One article showed that a longer contraction time led to greater increases in ROM. Conclusion: Submaximal voluntary isometric contraction was recommended during contract-relax exercises in healthy people. Lack of evidence makes it difficult to suggest the optimal duration of isometric contraction during relaxation techniques. For future research, high-quality evidence will be needed to establish the optimal contraction intensity for maximum improvement of ROM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.720-732
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• 2001

Skeletal muscle is of major economic importance since it is finally converted to meat for consumers. The increase in meat production with low costs of production may be achieved by optimizing muscle growth, whereas a high meat quality requires, among other factors, the optimization of intramuscular glycogen and fat stores. Thus, research in energy metabolism aims at controling muscle metabolism, but also liver and adipose tissue metabolism in order to optimize energy partitioning in favour of muscles. Liver is characterized by high anabolic and catabolic rates. Metabolic enzymes are regulated by nutrients through short-term regulation of their activities and long-term regulation of expression of their genes. Consequences of liver metabolic regulation on energy supply to muscles may affect protein deposition (and hence growth) as well as intramuscular energy stores. Adipose tissues are important body reserves of triglycerides, which result from the balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis. Both processes depend on the feeding level and on the nature of nutrients, which indirectly affect energy delivery to muscles. In muscles, the regulation of rate-limiting nutrient transporters, of metabolic enzyme activities and of ATP production, as well as the interactions between nutrients affect free energy availability for muscle growth and modify muscle metabolic characteristics which determine meat quality. The growth of tissues and organs, the number and the characteristics of muscle fibers depend, for a great part, on early events during the fetal life. They include variations in quantitative and qualitative nutrient supply to the fetus, and hence in maternal nutrition. During the postnatal life, muscle growth and characteristics are affected by the age and the genetic type of the animals, the feeding level and the diet composition. The latter determines the nature of available nutrients and the rate of nutrient delivery to tissues, thereby regulating metabolism. Physical activity at pasture also favours the orientation of muscle metabolism, towards the oxidative type. Consequently, breeding systems may be of a great importance during the postnatal life. Research is now directed towards the determination of individual tissue and organ energy requirements, a better knowledge of nutrient partitioning between and within organs and tissues. The discovery of new molecules (e. g. leptin), of new molecular mechanisms and of more powerful techniques (DNA chips) will help to achieve these objectives. The integration of the different levels of knowledge will finally allow scientists to formulate new types of diets adapted to sustain a production of high quality meat with lower costs of production.