• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.804-816
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• 2009

This study was aimed to analyze color characteristics of silk fabrics dyed with a variety of commercial natural dyes focusing on hue/tone system. Using eleven different natural dyes, single and sequential dyeing were performed under a variety of conditions of dye bath concentration, mordanting, and dyeing sequences. Color characteristics of dyed silk fabrics were investigated by Munsell's color notation of H V/C and PCCS (Practical Color Coordination System) tones. As results, most of yellowish natural dyes as principal shades in natural dyeing showed Y or YR for hue families while d, ltg, and g for tone, which agrees with colors frequently used in comtemporary apparel industries. As for single dyeing, some hues like R, RP, G, GY, and BG were found to have their own tones owing to the used natural dyes. For varying hues in natural dyeing, sequential dyeing is useful in that GY, G, and BG rarely appeared in single dyeing were frequently shown in sequential dyeing by combination of some dyes. In the other hands, mordanting may be employed for tone variation in that aluminum seemed to contribute to light and dull tones, copper to dull, and ferrum to garyish and dark ones. These results can be helpful to design colors for fashion fields by natural dyeing.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.195-198
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• 2012

The N basis functions are typically chosen so that Surface reflectance functions(SRFs) and spectral power distributions (SPDs) can be accurately reconstructed from their N-dimensional vector codes. Typical rendering applications assume that the resulting mapping is an isomorphism where vector operations of addition, scalar multiplication, component-wise multiplication on the N-vectors can be used to model physical operations such as superposition of lights, light-surface interactions and inter-reflection. The vector operations do not mirror the physical. However, if the choice of basis functions is restricted to characteristic functions then the resulting map between SPDs/SRFs and N-vectors is anisomorphism that preserves the physical operations needed in rendering. This paper will show how to select optimal characteristic function bases of any dimension N (number of basis functions) and also evaluate how accurately a large set of Munsell color chips can approximated as basis functions of dimension N.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.85-97
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• 2012

This study is aimed to identify the color characteristics of the current Korean Brand Apartment, focused on the color of kitchens and dining rooms in the cyber model houses. The Brands which were selected for this study ranked from first to fifth in the contractor ranking and now account for 64 percent of the apartments in sale in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. In addition, the size between $99m^2$ and $165m^2$ were selected, because it was most preferred at the 2011 survey for user preference on the size of apartment. As this study is for the colors shown on the monintor, colors were extracted from the images of web site with L*, a*, b*. And then, they were converted to Munsell values through computer program, which values were used to identify the color characteristics of hue, tone and to apply the theory of Moon Spencer. The result of the study on the color characteristics of the kitchen and dining room of the five brands' apartments is as follows. Regarding the color use, most of the brands used Y and YR color while as the accent color, P, PB and G were used. This result of main color use for hue was same as the guideline by the literature review, but color for tone showed the difference between brands and the difference between sizes. Next, regarding the color combination, first ambiguity of color harmony was shown the most. And the larger the size was, the more the contrast of color harmony was shown. It means that the color tone had close relation with the sizes of households.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.53-69
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• 2010

This study compared the work environment colors and the colors of working clothes by conducting a field survey of domestic machinery manufacturers who are playing a central role in Korean industries so as to develop and evaluate working clothes based on the safety of workers and environmental harmony. For the study method, after the color-related requirements were collected through interviews and field surveys, the fabrics for working clothes were woven and the colors were selected using the requirements. The designs of working clothes were developed with an emphasis on color design. The colors of the working clothes were also analyzed in their relationship to the working environment. The evaluations were separately performed for the appearance and the colors with workers of D machinery manufacturing company. The appearance and color satisfaction, safety, psychology, and harmony with environment were evaluated on a 5-point scale by workers and their safety managers. Furthermore, pictures of the workers in their existing working clothes and the newly developed working clothes were taken with a digital camera while they were working in the field. The RGB values of the pictures were extracted using Photoshop ver. 7.01, which were converted to HVC values using Munsell Conversion ver. 4.0.1. This study found that higher satisfaction levels were shown for the newly developed working clothes compared to the existing ones. The actual measurements also showed that the newly developed had higher brightness and clearer chromatic contrast than the existing ones, indicating higher explicitness and attention for safety of workers. These types of studies can contribute to the integrated working environment plan of machinery manufacturers.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.101-114
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the color characteristics of Japanese cultural product shops and differences in business categories by analyzing the colors of the Gion Shopping Street in Kyoto, Japan. Through the study, the traditional colors are reflected not only in the domestic cultural products but also the interior colors of shops. That way, visitors can be influenced naturally and gain indirect cultural experience to form a good image of Korea, which can help to improve sales of cultural products. The analysis was conducted through the colors of Munsell to determine the overall, dominant, assort, and accent colors based on categories of goods to identify the characteristics of the traditional Japanese cultural product shop. Among the 85 shops that were surveyed, YR and W frequently appeared as chromatic and neutral colors. Dominant was W, and assort was YR. B, P and Y also showed up. In color combination analysis, 35.3% was contrasted. For the hue, 32.9% was dark. Based on goods categories, confectionary shops used YR mainly, while souvenir and fashion accessory shops used W the most. Restaurants mostly had W as thedominant and YR for assorting. Cafes and art shops used Bk the most. The interior colors of cultural products shops should maintain the atmosphere of tradition and convey images of the products well. Based on this research, Korea also needs to actively reflect the interior designs of cultural product shops using traditional colors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.593-602
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the coloring properties of non-mordant dyes by examining local literature on silk fabric dyeing using red-colored natural dyes. Natural dyes can be prepared from the following 8 materials: purple-fleshed sweet potato, Impatiens balsamina, mulberry, fruits of Ligustrum japonicum Thunb, guava leaves, dansam, hibiscus flowers, and pruned branches of Prunus persica. To examine the surface color calculated $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}E^*$, and K/S value and H V/C. The variables considered in the dyeing experiment were dye concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and number of dyeing iterations, which were varied to evaluate the dyeing properties and color characteristics. As a result, the abovementioned variables, dye affinity, and red color expression were directly proportional to one another. In this study, it was found that red coloring can be obtained with natural dyes; moreover, excellent dyeing was achieved without the need for repeated dyeing or mordanting processes, which cause environmental pollution.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

In this study, eco-friendly functional leather was developed by recycling wastes such as eel skin, marigold(Tagetas erecta l.), hinoki cypress(Chamaecyparis obtusa). The hot water extracts of marigold and hinoki cypress leaves were freeze-dried at $-80^{\circ}C$ to prepare colorant powder. The dyeing of eel leather with marigold was carried out to investigate the effects of dyeing conditions, mordanting on dye uptake, color, morphological change, and color fastness. Considering shrinkage of eel leather caused by dyeing, the optimum dyeing conditions were $60^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature and 60 min of dyeing time at 1:100 of bath ratio, and color of the dyed eel leather was Y to YR Munsell series. In order to prevent the degradation of leather from microbe, we conducted combination dyeing with marigold and hinoki cypress leave colorants. In this case, the combination dyed eel leathers showed excellent antimicrobial activity with above 99% bacterial reduction rate against S. aurieus and K. pneumoniae. It was confirmed that all of the dyed eel leathers were sufficient to meet the Korean Standard for color fastness of leather products. It can be applied practically for the development of eco-friendly functional leather by utilizing some useful active components extracted from plant resources and by recycling food wastes.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2020

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, people need healing. Research in neuroarchitecture shows that people feel happy and stable when working with nature, and patients heal quickly. Therefore, This study aims to quantitatively analyze the colors that help psychological healing in the painting images depicting nature by setting 'Natural Colors' of Biophilic Design as the subject of research. So the purpose of this study was to measure Biophilic Color and to develop Biophilic Color Palette. We extracted Biophilic colors using Impressionist Monet's Landscape painting. After extracting colors using Photoshop Color Picker, we converted RGB color code to NCS color code and Munsell color code. The results of this study were as follows; The ratio of Y was high in the GY-series and YR-series. This is due to the characteristic of impressionism that expresses the change of color by light in close relationship with light. Y is universally considered to be pleasant, representing happiness, sunshine and optimism. Therefore, it is possible to create an environment that helps psychological healing by utilizing the Y-series color palette. Average Blackness was 28. Average Chromaticness was 34.61. The significance of this study is to propose a biophilic color palette that is useful for psychological healing by quantifying the color code of biophilic colors depicted and expressed with adjective images and idiomatic color names. Quantitative and empirical studies on healing colors are needed continuously and should be actively utilized in healing environment planning.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.31-36
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• 2021

Colour properties can be classified based on hue, brightness, and saturation, and the characteristics of colour perception vary by colour property. In terms of colour perception, surrounding colours are viewed together rather than independently, and the characteristics of the original colour perception may vary depending on the colour characteristics of the surrounding. Thus far, research on colour perception and sensibility has focused on a monotonic environment, which is different from colour perception in real life. As such, a fundamental study on colour perception considering surrounding colours must be conducted. In this study, a psychophysical experiment was conducted, and the results were analysed to study the colour perception characteristics by edge brightness, Edge brightness was set as a variable based on the visual traits that are most sensitive to brightness, and the experiment was conducted using the Munsell colour system to specify the stimulus colour. Based on the analysis of the experimental outcomes, this study reveals the significance of fundamental research data on the visual and perceptual characteristics of colour perception with regard to edge brightness and provides directions for future research.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.38-56
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• 2021

The New Silver Generation, which includes retired baby boomers, is eschewing traditional lifestyles, remaining socially and economically active, and striving to enjoy their lives. It is necessary to understand the preferences, sensibilities, and fashion propensities of such individuals. Thus, this study analyzed the New Silver Generation's fashion color preferences and proposed fashion color scheme guidelines that could be used in the fashion industry. First, surveys were conducted in people of the New Silver Generation aged from 55 to 65 years. The survey questions included the following: fashion color preferences, fashion sensibility and taste preferences, fashion interests, lifestyle, and demographic background. Second, the survey was conducted to identify differences in color preferences based on respondents' fashion interests and lifestyles. Next, to compose color palettes for the survey, 45 colors from the Munsell color system were chosen at random. The major research results were as follows: It was shown that socializing- and health-preferring individuals wore achromatic color, leisure-preferring individuals wore P color, and self-preferring individuals wore B color. The commonly worn colors were achromatic colors. After the age of 55 years, health- and leisure-preferring individuals often wore R color and RP color, respectively. Thus, this study proposed a color scheme arrangement that used achromatic colors, such as black and white, as the main colors list for the four lifestyle types.