• 역사민속학
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• 제45호
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• pp.263-289
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• 2014

고려의 제11대 왕인 문종은 제8대 왕인 현종의 아들이자, 제10대 왕인 정종의 이모제(異母弟)이다. 정종은 자신의 아들 4명이 있었지만 아우인 문종에게 선위하였다. 문종이 즉위한 배경은 먼저 훈요십조(訓要十條)에서 엿볼 수 있다. 태조는 훈요십조(訓要十條)에서 장자 이외의 아들이 왕위를 계승할 가능성을 열어놓았다. 그리고 고려 초기에 어린 아들이 있을 경우 장성한 아우에게 선위하는 전례가 있었으며, 정종과 문종의 혈연적 배경이 동일하였다. 또한 당시 고려인들도 전왕(前王)의 아우가 왕위에 오르는 것을 자연스럽게 받아들였다. 이런 배경 하에서 문종이 즉위하였다. 그러나 문종은 정치적인 세력을 가지고 국정을 파악한 상태에서 왕위에 오른 것이 아니었다. 그렇기 때문에 그는 국왕으로서의 권위를 높일 필요가 있었다. 그리고 정종의 아들이 장성함에 따라 왕권의 불안 요소가 되거나 향후 왕위계승에서 분란을 일으킬 수 있었다. 그래서 문종은 자신의 아들을 왕위계승자로 선정하여 권력을 자신에게 집중시키고 왕위계승상의 분란을 없애고자 하였다. 왕태자 책봉 이후 문종은 동궁관을 확대 정비하고 여러 태자 관련 의례를 시행하였다. 동궁관제는 1068년에 제도적인 완비를 보았다. 이때 정비된 동궁관은 중앙 관부의 축소판으로 운영되었다. 또한 1054년의 거행된 태자 책봉 의례는 규정된 절차를 준수하며 시행되었으며, 책봉례 이후에 1056년에 왕태자의 장흥절(長興節)을 축하하는 의례가 시행되었고, 1064년에는 태자 혼인 의례가 거행되어 "고려사" 예지에 규정된 태자 의례가 실시되었다. 또한 문종은 왕태자 책봉을 국외에 알렸으며, 고려의 태자는 거란으로부터 3번 책봉을 받아 권위를 높였다. 이러한 여러 조치들은 국왕 다음가는 권위자로서의 태자의 위상을 강화시키는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 이후 태자는 문종 말년에 거동이 불편한 문종을 대신하여 國事에 참여하여 국왕 다음의 권력자로서의 면모를 드러내었다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2014

The "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄)" is the precious historical material which contains royal culture of Joseon dynasty as an official document. It kept a record of the diseases and treatments relating to the 27 Kings for a period of 518 years, who had a variety of different symptoms. Among them the most frequent disease was a skin disorder such as a boil of a painful infected swelling. Dermatosis became the direct cause of death of several Kings. In this article we tried to conduct research using the "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty" into the skin diseases of the Kings during the first period of Joseon dynasty from the first King Taejo (太祖) to the 12th King Injong (仁宗). Among the 12 Kings, the 5th King Munjong (文宗), the 7th King Sejo (世祖), the 9th King Seongjong(成宗), the 10th King Yeonsangun (燕山君), and the 11th King Jungjong suffered from dermatosis. The King Munjong died at the age of 38 and suffered from severe boils before his death. The cause of death is thought to be septicaemia. The King Sejo does not have any specific record of skin disease, however, the recently discovered relics showed the indications of serious skin trouble of boils. The King Seongjong suffered from skin diseases at the age of 20, 27, 28 and 38. Nevertheless, the direct cause of death was not dermatosis. The King Yeonsangun had skin trouble of boils on his face when he was 20. He lost the throne and died of an infectious disease at 31. The King Jungjong had a record of suffering from dermatosis at the beginning of twenties, at the middle of forties, and at the age of 57 when he died. The skin trouble affected the whole of the body. He was treated with acupuncture therapy and medication for both internal and external uses among which folk remedies were included.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2016년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.401-403
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• 2016

최근 태양광 발전사업의 투자 수요가 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따른 태양광 발전시스템 (PV시스템)의 신뢰성 및 발전 효율 향상 등을 확보할 수 있는 모니터링 시스템의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 데이터를 앙상블 기법으로 분석하여 알려진 자동 분류 기법과 앙상블 기법을 비교해보고, 이를 바탕으로 PV시스템 고장 예측의 정확도를 향상 시키고자 한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1994

This study is designed to delve into the measuring systems of different periods so as to help with more exact representations of cultures of different periods. The basis of the measuring system in china stems from the huangjong (Huangzhong : the yellow bell) of the period of Huangdi, the length of the bell being the width of 90 black millet grains. Do (Du : width) ; 1 bun=the width of one black millet grain, 1 Chon=10 Buns, 1 Chuk=10 Chons, 1 Jang=10 Cheoks, 1 In=10 Jangs. Ryang (Lyang : volume) ; 1 Yak=the weight of 1,200 grains in the yellow bell, 1 Hab=2 Yaks, 1Seung=10 habs, 1 Du=10 Seungs, 1 Gok=10 Dus. Hyung (Hung : weight) ; 12 Jus=the weight of 1 Yak, 1Yang=24 Jus are equal 1 Hab in weight, 1 Geun=16 Ryangs, 1 Jo=30 Geuns, 1 Seo=4 Jo. In the era of Eun (In) it was decided that the 9-chon length of the Yellowbell shall be 1 Cheok. The Cheok of Ju was set at 4/5 of the length of the yellow bell. The Cheok of Ju breaks into Yongjocheok, Joryegicheok, Pogeumcheok. Yongjocheok, arising from Rohbancheok of the Ju period, is part of Gokcheok also used as a measuring tool for wooden works. The Han cheok has the same length as the yellow bell. The Sang Cheok is 4/5 of the length of the yellow bell. The Tang Cheok was originally the same as the Sang cheok but became longer and longer to be the Long cheok (31.3cm). The length-measuring system used in the three-nation era of Korea includes the gijeom cheil (35.52cm), Ju cheok (25.45cm), sunje Cheok (23.5cm), the Long Tang Cehok (29.706 cm), making 10 Bun 1 Chon and 10 Chon 1 Cheok. The volume-measuring system(Seung) was 198.81 ㎤ before 681 BC in the shilla Dynasty and was 596.42 ㎤ after that. In the seventh year of Kng Munjong of the Koryo dynasty the standard measuring system with the Long Tang Cheok as its basis was adopted, and the standard volume-measuring tools were used under the name of Migok, Daesodugok, Mijangdu, (29.706 cm), making 10 Bun 1 Chon and 10 Chon 1 Cheok. The volume-measuring system(Seung) was 198.81㎤ before 681 BC in the shilla dynasty and was 596.42 ㎤ after that. In the seventh year of King Munjong of the Koryo dynasty the standard measuring system with the Long Tang Cheok as its basis was adopted, and the standard volume-measuring tools were used under the name of Migok, Daesodugok, Kijangdu, Habseung and gokseok. The 1 Seung volumes of theses toolas were 596,447,927 and 1053㎤, respectively. were called Migok, Daesodugok, Mijangdu, Habseung and Gokseok, being respectively 596,447,927, 1053 ㎤, respectively. In the Chosun Dynasty the length of the Yeongjocheos was 27.6 cm or 31.220 in the Sejong era, 29.8 from Heonjong through Gojong, and 30.3 cm after the 6th year of King Kwangmu, and the volume of Du(Mal) also changed like 4.121 or 5.964, 5.187, 23.08 $\ell$, and the 1-Jeonjung also changed like 2.66 or bout 4, 3.45, 3.75 in line with the changes of the length system.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제35호
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• pp.359-385
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 조선전기 군사훈련인 습진(習陣)이 어떠한 모습으로 변화되었는지를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, '습진(習陣)'은 진법훈련 또는 진법교련의 뜻으로 정의할 수 있다. 둘째, 오위체제와 "오위진법(五衛陣法)"의 간행은 군제조직의 개편과 진법교범서들의 지속적인 편찬 속에서 하나의 종합적인 결과물로 완성된 것이다. 셋째, 조선전기 태조부터 선조대까지의 진법 내용의 총 기사 수는 268개이며, 이를 왕별로 세분하면, 태조 2개, 태종 2개, 세종 23개, 문종 20개, 단종 11개, 세조 70개, 예종 7개, 성종 25개, 연산군 4개, 중종 50개, 선조 54개이다. 이 내용을 살펴보면 역대강무제도, 진법훈련, 친열, 오진법 편찬 시행, 진법 사목 논의, 진법훈련 절차개선, 진법서적편찬, 신진법 완성 및 반포, 진법훈련조목 개선, 진법강론, 진법능부, 진법열병, 진법훈련정지, 척계광의 절강진법, 기타 등 15개 항목으로 추출할 수 있다. 넷째, 태조, 태종, 문종, 세조, 예종, 중종은 신하들에게 직접 진법훈련을 지시하고 주도한 국왕이었다. 이 중에서 문종과 세조는 신진법인 "오위진법(五衛陣法)"을 편찬, 개정하고 군사조직의 일원화를 꾀한 점이 높이 평가할 만하다. 이외에 중종은 역대 국왕들이 편찬한 진법교범서를 강론하고 훈련시킨 것을 알 수 있었다. 반면, 선조는 중국의 척계광이 지은 "기효신서(紀效新書)"를 받아들여 남방의 왜구를 방비하는 진법으로 전환시켰다. 다섯째, 진법훈련을 통해 알 수 있는 변화는 세조대부터 성종, 예종, 중종까지 형명과 진퇴좌작을 강조하였다. 이는 조선 건국 후 북방의 기마병에 대한 방비책으로써 진법훈련이 시행되었다. 반면, 임진왜란을 기점으로 선조부터는 남방의 왜구를 효과적으로 방비하는 척계광의 절강진법이 수용되면서 새로운 진법체제로의 전환이 모색되었다고 볼 수 있다. 즉 조선의 침략방어대상이 북방에서 남방 왜구로 변화되었다는 점과 기존의 북방기마병을 막는 전술인 오위진법체제로는 수군과 보병위주인 왜구를 막을 수 없다는 것이 주된 원인이라고 할 수 있다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2011

This study examined the background and change of building Yeongam eupseong and characteristics and construction method of its spatial structure. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Yeongam eupseong was built for the same purpose of national border defense against the invasion of Japanese army as other Eupseongs were built and it was found first in the literature in the era of King Munjong of Joseon Dynasty with the scale of three gates and 4,369 cheok of castle wall. Such a scale was continued and in particular, according to flat structure, road network and gate position shown in the map, the form and road system of Yeongam eupseong before the 19th century were mostly identical with the current ones. Second, castle wall was built over foundation by using talcum after leveling the foundation soil and castle wall can be divided into outer wall, filling part and inner wall from the section. Outer wall was constructed by inserting and layering pebbles with big irregular stone, filling part was made with talcum and riprap and inner wall with soil in several layers by keeping gradient. This building method showed common features in inserting and layering pebbles for outer wall, use of protruded base and section form compared to Jeollado Eupseong.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.263-288
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• 2012

이 논문은 고려 초조대장경 조조의 가치와 의미를 도출하기 위하여 시도된 연구이다. 연구의 방법은 1) 초조대장경의 조조(雕造)는 거란의 침략을 물리치기 위한, 즉 '진병대장경(鎭兵大藏經): 거란과의 전쟁을 진압한 대장경'이라는 측면에서의 구체적인 증거와 발원지(發源地) 및 발원일(發願日)을 규명함으로써 그 가치와 의미를 더욱 명확하게 부여하고자 하였다. 2) 형태서지학적인 측면에서의 초조대장경 판본의 특징을 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 초조대장경의 목판 판각에 있어서 중국 개보칙판대장경의 인쇄본을 단순하게 복각(復刻)한 것이 아닌, 이른바 독창적이고 탁월한 예술성(藝術性)을 지니고 있다는 점에서 형태서지학적인 가치와 의미가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 3) 체계서지학적인 측면에서의 초조대장경의 편성 내용을 분석하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 초조대장경의 편성에는 중국 역대의 모든 불전목록을 빠짐없이 편입한 것으로 보아, 문종시대 이후의 초조대장경의 편성에는 개개 불전 또한 목록학적(目錄學的)인 철저한 검증을 거쳐서 대장경에 편입시켰을 것이라는 점에서 보면, 포괄성(包括性)과 누적성(累積性)을 지닌 체계서지학적인 가치와 의미가 있음을 파악하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Rice alcoholic beverages, cheongju and beopju, which are recorded in "Koryodokyung", "Koryosageolyo", and "Koryosa", were used in national and royal ceremonies, and yakju was used in the Palgwanhoi ritual. In the late $11^{th}$century, King Munjong imported hwaju and haenginjabeopju from the royal family of the Song Dynasty. Alcoholic beverages in the early $12^{th}$century included the medical use for kings, such as gyehyangeoju, which the Emperor of the Song Dynasty sent to King Yejong, baekjainju, which was sent to King Myeongjong for his health, and yangju, which is goat milk fermented alcohol from the nomads in the northern regions. In the early$13^{th}$ century there was also dongrak, which is a horse-milk fermented alcohol, grape wine sent from Yuan to King Chungryeol in the late $13^{th}$ century, and sangjonju, a type of special cheongju sent from Yuan in the early $14^{th}$ century. Baekju from Yuan was recorded in oral traditions, which suggests that soju, which is distilled cheongju, was consumed in the late $14^{th}$ century. Gold and silver wares for alcoholic beverages had important political, social, and economic meanings as national gifts to other countries and internally as the king's royal gift to his subjects. In the late $14^{th}$ century, soju was prohibited, and the use of gold and silver wares for alcoholic beverages was banned at the same time. This study examined the historical characteristics of the use of traditional rice alcoholic beverages, the emotional preference for foreign alcoholic beverages, and the gold and silver wares used for alcoholic beverages Koryo Dynasty.

• 대기
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2012

This study was conducted in order to analyze weather characteristics during the reign of King Sejo in the Chosun Dynasty based on The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty. For this purpose, first of all, we need to determine whether The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty is a reliable material for research on weather characteristics. Thus, we compared weather phenomena during the reign of King Sejo with those in China and Japan in the same period. From the results, it was found that The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty is a useful material at least to grasp macroscopic trends in weather phenomena. Based on this assumption, we analyzed weather characteristics during the reign of King Sejo using data from The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty. During the days of King Sejo, the climate was not changed violently and there were not many disasters caused by abnormal climate such as bad harvests. This suggests that the climate was relatively stable during the period of King Sejo. As a consequence of stable weather, famine decreased markedly. However, this was not only because of stable climate but also because of the government's active efforts to reduce disasters. As droughts and floods were not frequent, social costs for recovery from disasters also decreased considerably and the saved money could be invested in the construction of social safety nets for the prevention of disasters. One of factors supporting the enthronement of King Sejo was a series of heavily damaging bad harvests during the reign of Kings Munjong and Danjong. The prevention of bad harvests was a historical mission given to the regime of King Sejo. During his reign, King Sejo promoted various policies in order to stop bad harvests. Such efforts included the government's active construction of embankments, introduction of seeds suitable for reclaimed lands, and inspiration of the consciousness of forceful farming enduring natural disasters such as floods. As a result, abnormal weathers such as floods and droughts did not lead directly to bad harvests.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2015

King and Crown Prince's Gwanbok (冠服) written in "Goryeosa" Yeobokji was the bestowment of robes and crowns by the Son of Heaven who yielded hegemony over East Asia. It designated the King and Crown Prince of Goryeo as real and authentic as well as confirmed the political status of Goryeo in East Asia. In "Goryeosa" Yeobokji, the King's Gwanbok is of higher stature than the adornments of the King's ritual robes (祭服) and court robes (朝服) which held a domestic political significance. In East Asia, bestowment of voiture (車) and robe (服) usually appeared in the multistate system. In the $10^{th}$ century, the Later Jin (後晋) spread the idea of investiture and bestowment to Khitan (契丹). The Liao (遼) or Khitan and the Jin (金), the Conquest Dynasties, endeavored to establish the legitimacy of the Son of Heaven by imitating Sinocentrism by means of investiture and bestowment. In the reign of XingZong (興宗) and DaoZong (道宗) of Liao, the ritual of investiture and bestowment for Goryeo was in the making, adding titles and bestowments in the occasion of the elevation of Emperor Liao's honorific title. King Munjong (文宗) of Goryeo reached 9-bestowment which symbolized the first of the feudal lords in East Asia. This exceptional respect for Goryeo went on to Jin's investiture and bestowment. From then, 9-bestowment was defined as an international decorum (禮) toward Goryeo. This historical study of Gwanbok (冠服) of "Goryeosa", indicates: First, the King's Ceremonial Robe with Nine-symbol Design were designated from the early to middle of the Goryeo Dynasty by investiture and bestowment from the Conquest Dynasties. Second, the bestowed King's Robe and Crown had simultaneous functions for domestic order and international order. Goryeo did not follow ideological Sinocentrism but followed practical interest by accepting Confucian Li (禮) philosophy passed on through the Conquest Dynasties.