• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2011

Objective: Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from municipal wastewater treatment plants and industrial wastewater are often overlooked as sources of exposure to toxic chemicals. VOCs from such sources evaporate readily into the air and may have significantly adverse impacts on public health. The present study aimed to establish the concentration of VOCs released from Jangrim-sinpyoeng Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment plant (JWTP) in Busan, South Korea and assess the causes of the odor/stench in the surrounding residential facilities. Stench intensity, frequency and release time, and wind direction were also monitored. Methods: Onsite data were collected on a daily basis from a laboratory located on the JWTP premises through a period spanning 2006 to 2010. A second set of data was obtained in 2006 by conducting a questionnaire survey with 210 respondents living near JWTP. The experimental and survey data were analysed statistically using the SPSS package. Results: The survey results showed that people residing around JWTP strongly perceive a stench from the plant. The intensity of the stench was influenced significantly by wind direction and the location of the apartments facing the JWTP. Public participation formed a significant step in determining the quality of the study environment. Conclusion: Onsite data and survey data obtained in 2006 indicate that the nature of the odor experienced by residents is due to the intensity of total VOCs released by JWTP. However, additional research is needed to determine the effects of the VOC pollution on public health and quality of life.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2013

화석연료의 매장량 한계와 해로운 영향으로 인하여 이를 대신할 대체 에너지연구가 요구되고 있다. 최근, 미세조류를 통한 바이오에너지 생산이 주목을 받고 있으며, 도시하수를 영양원으로 이용하여 미세조류를 배양하는 것은 생산비용을 낮추는 좋은 대안이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 옥외 수질정화 배양 시스템(Small Scale Raceway Pond; SSRP)을 이용하여 적용했다. 실험에 사용한 도시하수는 하수종말처리장의 1차 침전지를 거친 유입수를 이용하였으며, 토착 미세조류를 SSRP에서 배양하였다. 체류시간 6일 운전 후 TN, TP, $NH_3-N$의 평균 제거 효율은 77.77%, 63.55%, 89.02%로 각각 나타났다. 또한 미세조류 내의 지질함량은 평균 19.51%로 나타났으며, FAME는 주로 18:n인 linolenate, linoleate로 이루어져 있음을 확인하였다. 18S rRNA 유전자 분석과 현미경 관찰을 통하여 녹조류인 Chlorella와 Scenedesmus가 우점하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 도시하수는 미세조류 배양에 필요한 질소와 인을 제공할 수 있으며, 미세조류를 이용한 SSRP를 통하여 정화될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 미세조류 배양을 통해 얻어진 바이오매스는 바이오디젤 전환을 통하여 상업화될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 수도
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• 통권66호
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• pp.108-124
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• 1994

• 수도
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• 통권70호
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• pp.22-32
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• 1994

• 수도
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• 통권61호
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• pp.16-30
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• 1993

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.563-570
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• 2004

Phased isolation intrachannel clarifier ditch process developed in this study is an enhanced biological nutrient removal process employing two ditches with intrachannel clarifiers. Bench-scale phased isolation ditch process was used to evaluate the system performance on municipal wastewater and detailed assessment of internal behavior in a ditch and each reactions. When the system was operated at the HRTs of 6~12hours, SRTs of 9~31 days, and cycle times of 4hours, the system showed removals of BOD, TN, and TP as high as 88~97%, 73~78%, and 65~90%, respectively. The internal behavior were well matched on each reactions such as nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus release and uptake. As the SRT became longer, TN removal increased gradually, whereas TP removal decreased contrarily. However, the system was capable of producing an effluent TP concentration 1mg/L or less even at longer SRTs except the case of solids discharge by malfunction of intra-clarifier occurred by its geometrical limit. The system performance slightly decreased by hydraulic shock loading(increasing of influent flowrate and decreasing of system HRT). However, the higher system performance could be achieved again after four cycles. Thus, the system reliability could be successfully achieved short-term hydraulic shock loading that occurred in medium- and small-sized wastewater treatment plants suffering fluctuation of influent quality and flowrate during wet season.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2014

Wastewater organic compounds, that is, nonylphenolic compounds (NPs) and fecal sterols, were measured in surface sediments from Busan Suyeong Estuary, where two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are located, to assess contamination from municipal effluents. The NPs analyzed were nonylphenol, and nonylphenol mono- and di-ethoxylates, all synthetic endocrine disruptors. The fecal sterols analyzed were coprostanol (COP), cholestanol, and epicoprostanol. Concentrations of NPs in the sediments ranged from 146 to 3,723 ng/g, and those of COP ranged from 366 to 13,018 ng/g. Their detection in all of the sediments analyzed indicates widespread pollution by municipal effluents. The highest concentrations of NPs and COP were detected at stations close to outfalls of WWTPs. Their levels in sediments are categorized in the higher range of those previously reported in Korean coastal areas. Moreover, in comparison with screening values of NPs in the Netherlands, Norway, and Canada, more than 50% of the sampling stations exceeded the guidelines. This indicates that the estuary may be adversely influenced by municipal effluents.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2014

고농도 질소를 함유하고 있는 하수는 하수처리장 처리 효율에 악영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 고농도 질소를 함유한 하수를 처리하기 위한 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 고농도 질소를 함유한 하수인 혐기 소화 상징액과 가축분뇨를 대상으로 유기물 분석, foaming 실험 및 실험실 규모 아질산화 반응조 운전을 실시하였다. 유기물 분석 결과 혐기 소화 상징액은 용존성 불활성한 성분, 가축분뇨는 입자성 생물학적 분해가능한 성분이 가장 큰 부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 아질산화 반응에 적합한 체류시간은 혐기소화 상징액 2일과 가축분뇨 6일이였으며, 이와 같은 적정 체류시간에 차이는 암모니아성 질소 농도 및 유기물 성상차이에 의한 것으로 보인다. 또한 가축 분뇨 반응조 foam은 혐기 소화 상징액 반응조 foam과 비교하여 발생량은 많지만 빠르게 제거되는 특성을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 아질산화 반응의 하수처리장 적용 시 기초 자료로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.421-427
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• 2015

ASM 모델에서는 유기물을 특성에 따라 분류하는데, 일반적인 COD와 BOD로의 분류로는 ASM에서 요구하는 조건을 충족시키지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 하수종말처리장 수처리 및 슬러지 처리 계통 하수를 대상으로 미생물 호흡률을 기반으로 하여 ASM에서 요구하는 유기물 분류에 대한 실시하였다. 분석 결과 유기물 성상 분석 결과 각 하수마다 유기물 구성에서 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 각 공정의 하수를 처리할 때 반드시 파악해야 하는 중요한 하수특성이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 규명한 각 하수별 유기물 성상은 하수종말처리장의 원활한 운영을 위해 중요한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 질산화 반응조 내 반응시간에 따른 유기물 및 암모니아성 질소 변화 분석을 통해 SS이 질산화에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이는 질산화 반응이 유도 가능한 체류시간 선정에 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2013

The diversity and distribution of methanogenic archaea in a four-compartment anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating sugar refinery wastewater were investigated by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). At an organic loading rate of 5.33 kg $COD/m^3{\cdot}day$, the ABR could perform steadily with the mean chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 94.8% and the specific $CH_4$ yield of 0.21 l/g $COD_{removed}$. The $CH_4$ content in the biogas was increased along the compartments, whereas the percentage of $H_2$ was decreased, indicating the distribution characteristics of the methanogens occurred longitudinally down the ABR. A high phylogenetic and ecological diversity of methanogens was found in the ABR, and all the detected methanogens were classified into six groups, including Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales, Methanobacteriales, Crenarchaeota, Arc I, and Unidentified. Among the methanogenic population, the acid-tolerant hydrogenotrophic methanogens including Methanoregula and Methanosphaerula dominated the first two compartments. In the last two compartments, the dominant methanogenic population was Methanosaeta, which was the major acetate oxidizer under methanogenic conditions and could promote the formation of granular sludge. The distribution of the hydrogenotrophic (acid-tolerant) and acetotrophic methanogens in sequence along the compartments allowed the ABR to perform more efficiently and steadily.