• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 1999

목 적 : 볼거리(mumps, 유행성 이하선염)는 최근 국외 및 국내에서 지역적인 유행(outbreaks)이 보고되고 있으며, 1998년 들어 남부지방으로부터 볼거리의 발생이 급격히 증가한 양상을 보이고 있다. 이에 저자들은 1989년부터 1998년까지 볼거리로 입원한 환아를 대상으로 10년간 발생빈도를 알아보고 1998년에 대전성모병원에 입원한 볼거리 환아들의 임상양상과 검사실 소견을 분석해 보았다. 방 법 : 1998년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 대전성모병원 소아과에 볼거리로 입원한 35명의 환아를 대상으로 볼거리 발생시기, 성별 및 연령별 분포, 임상증상, 합병증 발생 유무 및 실험실 검사소견 등을 분석하였으며 1989년부터 1999년까지의 10년간의 발생추이를 알아보았다. 결 과 : 1998년 월별 발생수는 3~5월에 11명(31.4%), 6~8월 20명(57.1%), 9~10월에 4명(11.5%)이 발생하였다. 환아의 성별은 남아가 24명(69%)으로 남녀비는 2.2:1 이였다. 연령별로는 5~9세가 12명으로 34%, 10~12세 37%, 13~15세 29%으로 대부분 학동기 연령이었고, 평균연령은 $10.5{\pm}2.8$세 이었다. 35명중 33명(94.3%)이 생후 15 개월에 MMR 접종을 받았으며, 추가접종을 받은 경우는 한명도 없었다. 임상증상으로는 이하선 종창 100%, 발열 91.4%, 구토 77.1%, 복통 74.3% 및 두통 65.7%의 순으로 나타났다. 합병증으로는 수막염이 20명(57%), 췌장염 3명(8.6%), 부고환염이 2명(57%)에서 발생하였다. 아밀라제는 35명중 32명(91.4%)에서 증가를 보였으며 평균 $473{\pm}294IU/dL$를 보였으며, 18명에서 실시한 anti-mumps IgG는 15명에서, anti-mumps IgM은 12명에서 양성을 보였다. 최근 10년간 입원한 환자수는 1997년도까지는 산발적으로 발생하였으나 1998년도에 폭발적인 증가를 보였으며 1998년도 이전까지의 볼거리 환자의 평균 입원 환아수는 연간 $3.4{\pm}2.9$명이었다. 결 론 : 1998년 봄부터 대전지역에서도 볼거리의 유행이 있었음을 알 수 있었으며 볼거리 예방접종의 접종 실패 및 방법에 대한 전반적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.475-486
• /
• 2006

Space time series data can be viewed either as a set of time series collected simultaneously at a number of spatial locations or as sets of spatial data collected at a number of time points. The major purpose of this article is to formulate a class of space time autoregressive moving average (STARMA) model, to discuss some of the their statistical properties such as model identification approaches, some procedure for estimation and the predictions. For illustration, we apply this STARMA model to the mumps data. The data set of mumps cases consists of the number of cases of mumps reported from twelve states monthly over the years 1969-1988.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.623-628
• /
• 2010

The mumps virus is a single-stranded, non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the $Paramyxoviridae$ family. Mumps is characterized by bilateral or unilateral swelling of the parotid gland. Aseptic meningitis is a common complication, and orchitis is also common in adolescents and adult men. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, but because of high vaccination coverage, clinical findings alone are not sufficient for diagnosis, and laboratory confirmation is needed. Mumps is preventable by vaccination, but despite high vaccination coverage, epidemics occur in several countries, including Korea. Many hypotheses are suggested for these phenomena. In this review, we investigate the reason for the epidemics, optimal methods of diagnosis, and surveillance of immunization status for the prevention of future epidemics.

• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.473-483
• /
• 1987

Present study was undertaken to find when is right time for vaccination against Measles, Mumps and Rubella and what is the seropositive conversion rate after those vacinations. For this purpose, sera from 106 infants and children adimitted in Prediatric Department of Won Kwang University Hospital, Iri, Chonbuk, Korea were divided into 3 groups, such as (1) Vaccination group with definite information when it was given, (2) Unknown group whether vaccination was given or not, (3) Not vaccinated group. They were tested of IgG and IgM antibodies against Measles, Mumps and Rubella using Enzyme Immunoassay method and the following results were obtained. 1. Infants below 6 month of age showed to have IgG antibodies which seemed to have been transferred from mother in 87.8%(29/33) for Measles, 78.8%(26/33) for Mumps and 39.4%(13/13) for Rubella. And they showed IgM antibodies which are thought to have been produced by recent infection in 24.2%(8/33) for Measles, 48.5%(16/33) for Mumps and 9.1%(3/33) for Rubella. 2. Positivity of antibody IgG against Rubella was observed remarkably lower than it is against Measles and Mumps being only 39.4%(13/33) in $0{\sim}5$ month, 30.8%(8/26) in $6{\sim}11$ months, 30%(3/10) in $12{\sim}14$ months and 62.9%(22/35) in $18{\sim}36$ months of age. 3. ${\Delta}OD's$ of IgG and IgM antibodies against Measles were observed increasing with age being 0.444, 0.220 in $0{\sim}5$ months, 0.326, 0.134 in $6{\sim}11$ months, 0.581, 0.140 in $12{\sim}14$ months, 0.512, 0.000 in $15{\sim}17$ months and 0.887, 0.278 in $18{\sim}36$ months of age, respectively. 4. ${\Delta}OD's$ of IgG and IgM antibodies against Mumps were observed increasing with age being 0.427, 0.340 in $0{\sim}5$ months, 0.400, 0.249 in $6{\sim}11$ months, 0.694, 0.314 in $12{\sim}14$ months, 0.539, 0.165 in $15{\sim}17$ months and 0.854, 0.350 in $18{\sim}36$ months of age, respectively. 5. Vaccination for Measles, Mumps and Rubella is generally to start at 15 months of age in Korea, by which age their antibodies are found to exsist in more than 80% of tested samples. So, it seems to be very reasonable to start the vaccination schedule at earlier age than it does currently. 6. From the present study, it seems to have been clearly confirmed that Enzyme Immunoassay method is a reliable method with good reproducibility for mass survey of IgG and IgM antibodies against Measles, Mumps and Rubella in infants and children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2010

목 적 : 최근 가톨릭대학교 인천성모병원 소아청소년과에 볼거리로 내원하는 청소년들이 증가하여, 지역 사회의 해당 질환의 역학적 변화를 대략적으로 파악하고 급증과 연관된 요인을 추정하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1999년 7월부터 2009년 6월까지 연구병원에 볼거리로 입원한 20세 미만의 환자66명을 대상으로 인구학적 특징과 임상양상을 후향적으로 조사하였으며, 기간별로 최근 1년 급증기(2009)와 그 이외 9년 비급증기(2000-2008)로 양분하여 비교 하였다. 결 과 : 10년 동안 볼거리 입원환자 총 66명 중 35명(53%)이 최근 1년 급증기에 입원하였다. 그 이외 9년 비급증기의 입원환자수는 31명(47%)으로 연평균 $3.1{\pm}2.8$명이었다. 급증기 환자의 대부분 MMR백신을 1회 접종(62.9%)받은, 1993년 이전 출생(77.1%)한, 15-19세 연령군(80.0%)의 청소년들이었다. 볼거리 접촉력과 환자의 거주 주소지는 비급증기와 급증기에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 급증기에 고환염과 그 연관된 증상을 보인 환자가 많다는 것 이외, 기간별로 주 증상, 합병증 및 검사실 소견에서도 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이점은 없었다. 결 론 : 최근 1년 연구병원에 볼거리 입원환자가 급증하였고 이들 대부분은, 볼거리에 자연 노출되거나 2회 MMR접종 기회가 적었던, 1993년 이전 출생한 15세 이상 청소년들이었다. 향후 광범위한 연구자료를 토대로, 볼거리 감염에 감수성이 높은 연령층에 대한 추가접종을 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2015

목적: 최근 일개 고등학교(S 고등학교)에서 유행성이하선염이 집단발병 하였기에 본 연구에서는 S 고등학교의 발생 현황을 알아보고 진단을 위해 시행한 PCR 검사의 역학적 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 2013년 4-7월 유행성이하선염이 의심되어 의료기관을 방문한 S 고등학교 학생들의 월별 분포와 학년별 수를 조사 하였고 이중 일부 학생에게 PCR 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 총 77명이 의료기관을 방문하였고 월별로 4월 1명, 5월 17명, 6월 45명, 7월 5명, 학년별로 1학년 26명, 2학년 28명, 3학년 23명이었다. 볼점막도찰 PCR 검사를 받은 18명 중 15명은 증상 발생 3일 이내에 검체를 채취하여 그 중 5명(33.3%)이 양성이었고 나머지 3명은 3일 이후에 검체를 채취하여 모두 음성이었다(P=0.24). 결론: 본 저자들은 S 고등학교의 유행성이하선염의 집단발병 양상을 조사하였다. PCR 검사는 증상 발생 후 3일 이내 시행하면 역학 조사시 도움이 될 가능성이 있겠다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 1996

Purpose : This study was intended to measure seropositivities and the levels of mumps- and rubella-specific IgG of MMR vaccinees over 17 months of age in Korea. Materials and Methods : From June 1994 to April 1995 we obtained sera from visitors of well baby clinic and patients in Korea University Hospital, who were MMR vaccinees over 17 months of age and had no evidence of immunodeficiency. These 275 study population include 145 males and 130 females. Mumps- and rubella-specific IgG antibody levels were measured by ELISA. Cut-off values for seropositivity were 20 GU(Gamma Unit) in mumps and 0.17 in rubella. Results : 1) As age increased, seropositivities of mumps-specific IgG increased significantly, being 69.0% in 1.5~2 year, 75.0% in 3~4 year, 76.0% in 5~6 year, 90.0% in 7 year, 100% in 8 year, 96.9% in 9 year, 97.4% in 10 year, 97.4% in 11 year, and 96.6% in 12 year of age(p<0.001). 2) As age increased, the levels of mumps-specific IgG antibody(mean${\pm}$standard deviation, GU) increased significantly, being $64.9{\pm}66.5$ in 1.5-2 year, $117.7{\pm}126.4$ in 3~4 year, $152.3{\pm}147.1$ in 5~6 year, $194.3{\pm}168.2$ in 7 year, $258.1{\pm}190.6$ in 8 year, $193.1{\pm}130.1$ in 9 year, $225.7{\pm}119.6$ in 10 year, $220.7{\pm}114.3$ in 11 year, and $222.3{\pm}127.1$ in 12 year of age(p<0.001). There was positive correlation between age and mumps-specific antibody level (r=0.3282, p<0.001). 3) As age increased, seropositivities of rubella-specific IgG decreased significantly, being 72.4% in 1.5~2 year, 75% in 3~4 year, 72% in 5~6 year, 60% in 7 year, 44.4% in 8 year, 40.6% in 9 year, 28.2% in 10 year, 23.1% in 11 year, and 17.2% in 12 year of age(p<0.001). 4) As age increased, rubella-specific IgG decreased significantly, being $0.462{\pm}0.356$ in 1.5~2year, $0.438{\pm}0.306$ in 3~4 year, $0.287{\pm}0.179$ in 5~6 year, $0.204{\pm}0.139$ in 7 year, $0.189{\pm}0.153$ in 8 year, $0.124{\pm}0.121$ in 9 year, $0.093{\pm}0.114$ in 10 year, $0.104{\pm}0.135$ in 11 year, and $0.080{\pm}0.001$ in 12 year of age(p<0.001). There was negative correlation between age and rubella-specific IgG titer (r=-0.551, p<0.001). Conclusions : Eventhough seropositivities and the level of mumps-specific IgG increased as age increased, they are not enough to prevent mumps infection in 1.5 to 6 years of age. Seropositivities and the level of rubella-specific IgG decreased as age increased. Appropriate change in vaccine schedule may be needed to decrease the risks of mumps and rubella infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 1999

Postpubertal mumps may result in ochitis and permanent testicular atrophy may develop following infection. This present study was initiated to evaluate the preventive effect of interferon-${\alpha}2B$ on infertilty after mumps orchitis. There were 21 patients with mumps orchitis between May 1990 and June 1997. Patients were randomly distributed into 2 groups: group 1 patients (n=13) maintained therapy with interferon-${\alpha}2B$ ($3{\times}10^6$ IU per day) and group 2 were managed by conservatively. All of the patients were evaluated with testis size measurement, mumps virus titer, hormone level, and if possible semen analysis. For group 1 patients symptoms disappeared within 2 to 3 days and the volume of testis returned to normal within 11 days and testis atrophy was not observed in all patients in follow up. But asthenospermia was continued in 4 patients (unilateral 2, bilateral 2). For group 2 patients symptoms disappeared within 5 to 6 days and the volume of testis returned to normal within 10 days and testis atrophy was observed in 3 patients (unilateral 2, bilateral 1) in floow up. Asthenospermia was continued in 4 patients (unilateral 2, bilateral 2). Sperm count and morphology were recovered all the recover in group 1, 4 patients had persistent reduced sperm count and morphology in group 2, respectively. These observations suggest that systemic interferon-${\alpha}2B$ treatment is highly effective in preventing infertilty as well as testicular atrophy after mumps orchitis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.89-99
• /
• 2001

Objectives : To describe the characteristics of a mumps epidemic in Cheju-do, 1998 and to identify the risk factors associated with mumps infection. Methods : To estimate attack rate, previously collected data from the Nationally Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System and School Health Reporting System, temporarily administered by Division of Education. as well as additional surveillance data were used. In order to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mumps, we conducted a questionnaire survey in 17 schools (9 elementary, 4 middle, and 4 high schools) among a population that included healthy students. Results : From March 3 to August 31, 2,195 cases of mumps were identified, and patients under 20 years of age accounted for 2,162 cases (attack rate 13.2, 95% CI 12.6-13.7/1,000). The attack rate for the population under 20 years of age was the highest in Nam county (44.7/1,000), nod in the 7-12 years old sub-group(>20.0/1,000). There was no sexual difference. 80.5% and 59.7% of patients presented periauricular and submandibular swelling respectively. Aseptic meningitis was a complication in 2.9% of cases, orchitis in 1.3%, epididymitis in 0.9% and oophoritis in 0.6% respectively. The overall MMR vaccination rate was 59.1% and it decreased in accordance with increasing age. In students aged 10 years old or below, household contact and MMR vaccination status was significantly associated with infection, and only among students with household contact, the risk of one dose MMR(OR=10.22, 95% CI 2.92-35.78) and non-vaccination (OR=11.62, 95% CI 1.96-68.96) was significantly greater when. compared with that of two dose vaccination. Among students aged 11 years old or above, household contact history was significantly associated and MMR vaccination status was not associated. Conclusions : Low vaccination rate and vaccine failure were thought to predispose the population for this large outbreak. To prevent sustained mumps outbreaks, a second MMR vaccination should be encouraged and catch up vaccinations should be given to elderly children who remain susceptible.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.723-730
• /
• 2009

시계열의 결측값은 미지의 모수로 취급될 수 있으며 최대우도방법 또는 확률변수방법에 의해 추정할 수 있으며 또한 주어진 자료 하에서 미지의 값에 대한 조건부기대치로 예측할 수 있다. 이 연구의 주된 목적은 불완전한 자료에 대해 ARMA 모형을 적용하여 두 가지 추정방법인 최대우도추정방법과 확률변수방법을 이용해 결측값을 대체하는 방법을 비교하는데 있다. 사례분석을 위해 한국질병관리본부에서 전산보고 하고 있는 전염병 자료 중에서 2001${\sim}$2006년 동안의 월별 Mumps 자료를 이용하여 앞의 두 가지 추정방법을 예측오차제곱합(SSF)을 구하여 비교한다.