• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2017

Metabolomics has been used as a powerful tool for the analysis and quality assessment of the natural product (NP)-derived medicines. It is increasingly being used in the quality control and standardization of NP-derived medicines because they are composed of hundreds of natural compounds. The most common techniques that are used in metabolomics consist of NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS in combination with multivariate statistical analyses including principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Currently, the quality control of the NP-derived medicines is usually conducted using HPLC and is specified by one or two indicators. To create a superior quality control framework and avoid adulterated drugs, it is necessary to be able to determine and establish standards based on multiple ingredients using metabolic profiling and fingerprinting. Therefore, the application of various analytical tools in the quality control of NP-derived medicines forms the major part of this review. $Veregen^{(R)}$ (Medigene AG, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany), which is the first botanical prescription drug approved by US Food and Drug Administration, is reviewed as an example that will hopefully provide future directions and perspectives on metabolomics technologies available for the quality control of NP-derived medicines.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.237-241
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• 2005

The physical and chemical characteristics of soils in a small watershed were investigated and the effect of geology and land use on soil quality were examined by using multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. It was considered that the accumulation of salts in the farmland soils indicated by electrical conductivity, contents of cations and anions and pH was caused by fertilizer input during cultivation. The contents of inorganic components are increased as following order: upland > orchard > paddy field > forest. The results of two discriminant analyses using water extractable inorganic components and their ratios by land use were also clearly classified by discriminant function 1 and 2. In discriminant analysis by components, discriminant function 1 indicated the effect of fertilizer application and increased as following order: upland > orchard > paddy field > forest soil.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

본 연구는 원격대학원생들의 성별에 따른 차이가 학습 만족요인(콘텐츠, 시스템, 상호작용, 교수자이미지, 교수학습)에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 확인하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 서울 소재 원격대학원에서 강좌를 수강한 원격대학원생 88명을 대상으로 설문을 진행하였으며, 그 중 유효한 64개의 응답에 대해 SPSS 21.0 통계 패키지 프로그램을 활용하여 다변량분산분석(MANOVA)을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 5개의 학습만족요인 중 상호작용요인에서 유의미한 결과가 나타나는 것을 확인하였으며, 연구 결과의 원인을 분석하고 향후 방향에 대한 논의 및 시사점 등을 기술하였다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2015

빅 데이터 환경에서 빅데이터를 분석하기 위한 새로운 방법의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 데이터의 크기, 다양성, 그리고 적재 속도 등의 빅데이터 특성으로 인해 모집단의 추론에서 전체 데이터의 분석이 가능해졌기 때문이다. 그러나 전통적인 통계분석 방법은 모집단으로부터 추출된 확률표본에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 따라서 기존의 통계적 접근방법은 빅데이터 분석에 적합하지 않은 경우가 발생한다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 빅데이터분석을 위한 새로운 접근방법에 대하여 제안하였다. 특히 대표적인 다변량 통계분석 기법인 주성분 분석을 이용하여 효율적인 빅데이터분석을 위한 방법론을 연구하였다. 제안방법의 성능평가를 위하여 통계적 모의실험을 실시하였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2016

Purpose: It is well known that old age is a risk factor for postoperative complications. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the risk factors for poor postoperative surgical outcomes in elderly gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2015, 247 elderly gastric cancer patients who underwent curative gastrectomy were reviewed. In this study, an elderly patient was defined as a patient aged ${\geq}65$ years. All possible variables were used to explore the risk factors for poor early surgical outcomes in elderly gastric cancer patients. Results: Based on multivariate analyses of preoperative risk factors, preoperative low serum albumin level (<3.5 g/dl) and male sex showed statistical significance in predicting severe postoperative complications. Additionally, in an analysis of surgery-related risk factors, total gastrectomy was a risk factor for severe postoperative complications. Conclusions: Our study findings suggest that low serum albumin level, male sex, and total gastrectomy could be risk factors of severe postoperative complications in elderly gastric cancer patients. Therefore, surgeons should work carefully in cases of elderly gastric cancer patients with low preoperative serum albumin level and male sex. We believe that efforts should be made to avoid total gastrectomy in elderly gastric cancer patients.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.110-121
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• 2016

With the growing interest in skincare and maintenance, there are increasing numbers of studies on the classification of skin type and the factors influencing each type. This study presents a novel methodology by using data mining, for the determination of the relationships between skin type, lifestyle, and patterns of cosmetic utilization. Eight skin-specific factors, which are moisture, sebum in U-zone (both cheeks), sebum in T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin), pore, melanin, wrinkle, acne, hemoglobin, were measured in 1,246 subjects living in South Korea, in conjunction with a questionnaire survey analyzing their lifestyles and pattern of cosmetic utilization. Using various multivariate statistical methods and data mining techniques, we classified the skin types based on the skin-specific values, determined the relationship between skin type and lifestyle, and accordingly sorted the subjects into clusters. Logistic regression analysis revealed gender-related differences in the skin; therefore, separate analyses were performed for males and females. Using the Gaussian Mixture Modeling (GMM) technique, we classified the subjects based on skin type (two male and four female). Using the ANOVA and decision tree techniques, we attempted to characterize the relationship between each skin type and the lifestyles of the subjects. Menstruation, eating habits, stress, and smoking were identified as the major factors affecting the skin.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2019

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and has high rates of metastasis. Transforming growth factor beta-inducible protein (TGFBI) is an extracellular matrix component involved in tumour growth and metastasis. However, the exact role of TGFBI in NSCLC remains controversial. Gene silencing via DNA methylation of the promoter region is common in lung tumorigenesis and could thus be used for the development of molecular biomarkers. We analysed the methylation status of the TGFBI promoter in 138 NSCLC specimens via methylation-specific PCR and evaluated the correlation between TGFBI methylation and patient survival. TGFBI promoter methylation was detected in 25 (18.1%) of the tumours and was demonstrated to be associated with gene silencing. We observed no statistical correlation between TGFBI methylation and clinicopathological characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TGFBI methylation is significantly associated with poor survival outcomes in adenocarcinoma cases (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.19-6.99, P = 0.019), but not in squamous cell cases. Our findings suggest that methylation in the TGFBI promoter may be associated with pathogenesis of NSCLC and can be used as a predictive marker for lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2022

Objective : Cranial base chordomas are rare, but their treatment is challenging. Tumor recurrence is still common despite improvements in microsurgical techniques and postoperative radiotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed the course of treatment, overall survival, and recurrence/progression of chordomas over the past 10 years. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 50 patients who underwent surgery at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital between 2010 and 2020 and were pathologically diagnosed with chordomas. Tumor resection was performed within the maximum safe range in all patients; the extent of resection was evaluated by imaging; and the incidence of complications, recurrence or progression, and overall survival were assessed. Results : Fifty patients were divided into the low-risk group (LRG) and high-risk group (HRG) based on the cranial chordoma grading system (CCGS). The Karnofsky Performance Scale scores and gross total resection rate of the LRG were significantly higher than those of the HRG (p<0.05). The incidence of complications and mortality in the LRG were lower than those of HRG. The analysis of cumulative survival and cumulative recurrence free survival/progression free survival (RFS/PFS) showed no statistical differences in the extent of resection for survival, recurrence, or progression. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that Ki-67 was significantly associated with tumor recurrence and was an independent hazard factor (p=0.02). Conclusion : The CCGS can help neurosurgeons anticipate surgical outcomes. Pathological results are important in evaluating the possibility of tumor recurrence, and postoperative radiotherapy improves overall survival and RFS/PFS.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.915-926
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• 2016

본 연구는 도시지역 토사재해 위험지역에 대한 특성을 살펴보고, 다변량 통계분석을 이용하여 위험지역들을 유형화하여 관리전략상의 시사점을 도출한다. 사례분석은 서울시 산재된 토사재해 위험지역 49개소 현장조사 표본자료를 대상으로 하며, 조사항목의 특성정보를 이용하여 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 도시지역 토사재해 위험지역에는 계류부 하단 주변에 공원, 택지, 도로 등이 주로 위치하고 있으며, 다수의 주택가가 위험 지역과 인접해 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 군집분석과 판별분석을 통해 토사재해 위험지역은 크게 2가지 유형으로 구분되며, 위험지역에 대해 중점적으로 고려해야 할 요소는 주변 토지이용과 비탈면 경사임을 확인하였다. 이들 인자를 근거로 각 유형별 특성을 고려한 도시지역 토사재해 관리전략 상의 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 분석방법과 관리전략상의 시사점은 기존의 산지 중심의 위험지역 관리대책에 더하여 피해 영향권에 해당하는 시가지에 대한 관리대책을 고려함으로써 토사재해에 보다 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 기초가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2022

Background: The presence of the lumbopelvic-hip neuromuscular chain is essential for dynamic spinal stabilization; its therapeutic effects on dynamic movements of the distal extremity segment and underpinning motor mechanism remain unknown and warrant further study on participants with low back pain (LBP). Objects: We aim to compare the effects of the broken chain exercise (BCE) and connected chain exercise (CCE) on electromyography (EMG) amplitude and onset time in participants with and without LBP. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial. A convenience sample of 40 nonathletic participants (mean age: 24.78 ± 1.70) with and without LBP participated in this study. All participants underwent CCE for 30 minutes, 30-minute daily. We measured EMG amplitude and onset times on bilateral erector spinae (ES), gluteus maximus (GM), hamstring (HAM), transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) during the prone hip extension (PHE) test before and after the BCE and CCE. We used multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to analyze the amplitude and onset time difference between exercises (BCE and CCE) and Pearson's correlations to determine any synergistic relationship among the HAM, GM, bilateral TrA/IO, and ES muscles. The statistical analyses were used at p < 0.05. Results: MANOVA showed that CCE was more decreased on EMG amplitude in HAM and bilateral ES, while increased GM and contralateral TrA/IO than BCE (p < 0.05). MANOVA EMG onset time data analyses revealed that the main effect of the conditions was significant for all HAM, GM, and bilateral ES muscles, whereas the main effect for the group was significant only for GM and contralateral ES in healthy and LBP groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed to assess the relationship between BCE and CCE on dependent variables. In most of the muscles, there was a strong, positive correlation between the two variables, and there was a significant relationship (p < 0.001). Conclusion: CCE produced more effective and coordinated core stabilization and motor control mechanism in the lumbopelvic-hip muscles in participants with and without LBP during PHE than BCE.