• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.3925-3929
• /
• 2013

We aimed to investigate bladder cancer risk with reference to polymorphic variants of cytochrome p450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP1B1, glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, and GSTT1 genes in a case control study. Polymorphisms were examined in 114 bladder cancer patients and 114 age and sex-matched cancer-free subjects. Genotypes were determined using allele specific PCR for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genes, and by multiplex PCR and melting curve analysis for GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. Our results revealed a statistically significant increased bladder cancer risk for GSTT1 null genotype carriers with an odds ratio of 3.06 (95% confidence interval=1.39-6.74, p=0.006). Differences of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and GSTM1 genotype frequencies were not statistically significant between patients and controls. However, the specific combination of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and CYP1B1 codon 119 risk allele carriers and specific combination of GSTM1 present, GSTT1 null, and CYP1B1 432 risk allele carriers exhibited increased cancer risk in the combined analysis. We did not observe any association between different genotype groups and prognostic tumor characteristics of bladder cancer. Our results indicate that inherited absence of GSTT1 gene may be associated with bladder cancer susceptibility, and specific combinations of GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms may modify bladder cancer risk in the Turkish population, without any association being observed for CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and bladder cancer risk.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 한국의 전통적인 식품인 비빔밥에서 2005년에서 2011년에 분리한 대장균에 대한 특성을 연구하였다. 전체 1,142건의 비빔밥에서 84 균주(7.4%)의 대장균이 분리되었다. 분리한 균주의 항생제 내성 분석 및 다제 내성 패턴은 ampicillin의 내성이 가장 높았으며 6 균주(7.2%)에서는 다제 내성을 보였다. 분리한 균주의 병원성 유전자 13종의 유무를 확인한 결과 5 균주(5.9%)에서 ent 유전자를 보유하여 STEC/EPEC 형의 대장균으로 분류되었다. 그러나 EIEC, EAEC, ETEC 형은 검출되지 않았다. 병원성 유전자가 검출되지 않은 대장균에 대한 혈청형은 O103 (1.2%), O91 (1.2%), O128 (6.0%)으로 확인되었고 O26, O157, O145, O111, O121 혈청형은 없었다. 동일한 O 혈청형 균주는 독소 유전자를 가지고 있는 것과 없는 것이 동시에 있다고 보고 되어 있고 혈청형으로 병원성 유전자를 구분하는 것은 균주의 특성에 따라 차이가 많이 나므로 향후 연구가 필요하다. 위해 요소가 있는 균주에 대해서 유전적 상동성을 시험한 결과 균주의 상동성이 낮아서 서로 다른 오염원에서 분리 되었음을 유추 할 수 있었다. 비빔밥은 다양한 재료를 사용하며 제조 과정이 복잡하기 때문에 대장균에 의한 오염의 가능성이 매우 높은 식품이다. 그러므로 원재료부터 완성까지 위생적으로 철저하게 조리해야 하며 교차 오염 방지 및 관리를 통해 안심하고 섭취할 수 있도록 해야 한다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2002

This study evaluated the concentrations of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in industrial waste incineration workers. The effect of genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes on urinary concentration of PAH metabolites was assessed. And, aromatic DNA adduct levels were also determined in total white blood cells. Fifty employees were recruited from a company handling industrial wastes located in Ansan, Korea: non-exposed group (n=21), exposed group (n=29). Sixteen ambient PAHs were determined by GC/MSD (NIOSH method) from personal breathing zone samples of nine subjects near incinerators. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG), a major pyrene metabolite, was assayed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy after immunoaffinity purification using monoclonal antibody 8E11 (SFS/IAC). Multiplex PCR was used for genotyping for GSTMI/TI and PCR-RFLP for genotyping of CYP1A1 (MspI and Ile/Val). PAH-DNA adducts in peripheral blood WBC were measured by the nuclease P1-enhanced postlabeling assay. Smoking habit, demographic and occupational information were collected by self-administered questionnaire. The range of total ambient PAH levels were 0.00-7.00 mg/㎥ (mean 3.31). Urinary 1-OHPG levels were significantly higher in workers handling industrial wastes than in those with presumed lower exposure to PAHs (p=0.006, by Kruskal-Wallis test). There was a statistically significant dose-response increase in 1-OHPG levels with the number of cigarettes consumed per day (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.686, p<0.001). Urinary 1-OHPG levels in occupationally exposed smoking workers were highest compared with non-occupationally exposed smokers (p=0.053, by Kruskal-Wallis test). Smoking and GSTMI genotype were significant predictors for log-transformed 1-OHPG by multiple regression analysis (overall model R²=0.565, p<0.001), whereas smoking was the only significant predictor for log-transformed aromatic DNA adducts (overall model R²=0.249, p=0.201). Aromatic DNA adducts was also a significantly correlation between log transferred urinary 1-OHPG levels (pearson's correlation coefficient=0.307, p=0.04). However, the partial correlation coefficient adjusting for Age, Sex, and cigarette consumption was not significant (r=0.154, p=0.169). The significant association exists only in individuals with the GSTMI null genotype (pearsons correlation coefficient=0.516, p=0.010; partial correlation coefficient adjusting for age, sex, and cigarette consumption, r=0.363, p=0.038). Our results suggest that the significant increase in urinary 1-OHPG in the exposed workers is due to higher prevalence of smokers among them, and that the association between urinary PAH metabolites and aromatic DNA adducts in workers of industrial waste handling may be modulated by GSTMI genotype. There results remain to be confirmed in future larger studies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.525-529
• /
• 2009

Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) represent an emerging family of newly described bacterial products that are produced by a number of pathogens. The genes encoding these toxins have been identified as a cluster of three adjacent genes, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC, plus 5 cdt genetic variants, designated as cdt-I, cdt-II, cdt-III, cdt-IV, and cdt-V, have been identified to date. In this study, a general multiplex PCR system designed to detect Escherichia coli cdts was applied to investigate the presence of cdt genes among isolates. As a result, among 366 E. coli strains, 2.7% were found to carry the cdtB gene. In addition, the use of type-specific primers revealed the presence of cdt-I, cdtIV, and cdt-V types of the cdt gene, yet no cdt-II or cdt-III strains. The presence of other virulence genes (stxl, stx2, eae, bfp, espA, espB, and espD) was also investigated using a PCR assay. Among the 10 cdtB gene-positive strains, 8 were identified as COT-producing typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains ($eae^+$, $bfp^+$), whereas 2 were identified as CDT-producing atypical EPEC strains ($eae^+$, $bfp^-$). When comparing the cytotoxic activity of the CDT-producing typical and atypical EPEC strains, the CDT-producing atypical EPEC strains appeared to be less toxic than the CDT-producing typical EPEC strains.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.781-784
• /
• 2016

The Plurinational State of Bolivia (Bolivia) has a high incidence rate of gallbladder cancer (GBC). However, the genetic and environmental risk factors for GBC development are not well understood. We aimed to assess whether or not cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1), glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), theta 1 (GSTT1) and tumor suppressor protein p53 (TP53) genetic polymorphisms modulate GBC susceptibility in Bolivians. This case-control study covered 32 patients with GBC and 86 healthy subjects. GBC was diagnosed on the basis of histological analysis of tissues at the Instituto de Gastroenterologia Boliviano-Japones (IGBJ); the healthy subjects were members of the staff at the IGBJ. Distributions of the CYP1A1 rs1048943 and TP53 rs1042522 polymorphisms were assayed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms were detected by a multiplex PCR assay. The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype was significantly higher in GBC patients than in the healthy subjects (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-5.37; age-adjusted OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.29-9.66; age- and sex-adjusted OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.24-9.34). No significant differences were observed in the frequencies of CYP1A1, GSTT1, or TP53 polymorphisms between the two groups. The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with increased GBC risk in Bolivians. Additional studies with larger control and case populations are warranted to confirm the association between the GSTM1 deletion polymorphism and GBC risk suggested in the present study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권15호
• /
• pp.6429-6438
• /
• 2015

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in detoxification of carcinogenic electrophiles. The null genotypes in GSTM1 and GSTT1 have been implicated in carcinogenesis. Present study was planned to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene loci in cervical carcinogenesis. The study was conducted in Lok Nayak hospital, New Delhi. DNA from clinical scrapes of 482 women with minor gynaecologic complaints attending Gynaecology OPD and tumor biopsies of 135 cervical cancer cases attending the cancer clinic was extracted. HPV DNA was detected by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using L1 consensus primer pair. Polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were analysed by multiplex PCR procedures. Differences in proportions were tested using Pearson's Chi-square test with Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of cervical cancer was almost three times in women with GSTM1 homozygous null genotype (OR-2.62, 95%CI, 1.77-3.88; p<0.0001). No association of GSTM1 or GSTT1 homozygous null genotypes was observed in women with normal, precancerous and cervical cancerous lesions among ${\leq}35$ or >35 years of age groups. Smokers with null GSTT1 genotype had a higher risk of cervical cancer as compared to non-smokers (OR-3.01, 95% CI, 1.10-8.23; p=0.03). The results further showed that a significant increased risk of cervical cancer was observed in HPV positive smoker women with GSTT1 (OR-4.36, 95% CI, 1.27-15.03; p=0.02) and GSTM1T1 (OR-3.87, 95% CI, 1.05-14.23; p=0.04) homozygous null genotypes as compared to HPV positive non smokers. The results demonstrate that the GST null genotypes were alone not associated with the development of cervical cancer, but interacted with smoking and HPV to exert effects in our Delhi population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권13호
• /
• pp.5207-5214
• /
• 2014

Background: To study the relationship of susceptibility to lung cancer with the gene polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1, GSTP1 and smoking status in Han and Mongolian populations of Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of China. Materials and Methods: PCR-RFLP, allele-specific and multiplex PCR were employed to identify the genotypes of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in a case-control study of 322 lung cancer patients diagnosed by bronchoscopy and 456 controls free of malignancy. Results: There is a significant difference in genotypic frequency of GSTT1 of healthy Mongolian and Han subjects. A statistically prominent association was found between CYP1A1 Msp1 (vt/vt) (OR=4.055, 95%CI:2.107-7.578, p=0.000), GSTM1 (-) (OR=2.290, 95%CI:1.467-3.573, p=0.000) and lung cancer in Mongolians. Similarly, in the Han population, CYP1A1 Msp1 (vt/vt) (OR=3.194, 95%CI:1.893-5.390, p=0.000) and GSTM1 (-) (OR=1.884, 95%CI:1.284-2.762, p=0.001) carriers also had an elevated risk of lung cancer. The smokers were more susceptible to lung cancer 2.144 fold and 1.631 fold than non-smokers in Mongolian and Han populations, respectively. The smokers who carried with CYP1A1 Msp1 (wt/vt+vt/vt), exon7 (Val/Val+Ile /Val), GSTM1 (-), GSTM3 (AB+BB), and GSTT1 (-) respectively were found all to have a high risk of lung cancer. Conclusions: CYP1A1 Msp1 (vt/vt) and GSTM1 (-) are risk factors of lung cancer in Han and Mongolian population in the Inner Mongolia region. The smokers with CYP1A1 Msp1 (wt/vt+vt/vt), CYP1A1 exon7 (Val/Val+Ile /Val), GSTM1 (-), GSTM3 (AB+BB), and GSTT1 (-) genotypes, respectively, are at elevated risk of lung cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제48권6호
• /
• pp.468-475
• /
• 2015

우리나라 일부 건강한 유아를 대상으로 Mn-SOD Val16Ala, GSTP1 Ile105Val, GSTT1 present/null, GSTM1 present/null 유전자 다형성 분포를 살펴본 결과, Mn-SOD Val/Val형, GSTP1 Ile/Ile형, GSTT1 null 형, GSTM1 null 형이 주된 (major) 유전자형인 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 Mn-SOD Val/Val형은 Val/Ala 또는 Ala/Ala형에 비해 소변 8-OHdG 수준이 유의적이지는 않으나 높은 경향을 나타내었고, GSTP1 Ile/Ile형은 Ile/Val 또는 Val/Val형에 비해 소변 8-OHdG 수준이 유의적으로 낮았다. 간접흡연에의 노출 여부와 간접흡연-유전자 다형성의 상호 작용이 산화손상지표에는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 건강한 유아에서 GSTP1 Val allele 보유한 경우 산화적 손상에 대해 취약할 수 있음을 제시하며, 추후 대규모 연구를 통한 검증 및 이들 유전자형을 보유한 대상자를 위한 효과적인 영양 중재방안에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2012

목적: 보카바이러스는 2005년 소아의 비인두 흡입물에서 처음으로 발견된 호흡기 바이러스로서 현재 전세계적으로 발견되고 있고 국내에서도 보카바이러스 호흡기 감염증이 보고되고 있다. 이번 연구는 중합효소 연쇄 반응(PCR)을 이용한 보카바이러스의 분리 및 유전자 분석을 통하여 2010년 국내에서 유행하였던 보카바이러스의 계통 및 유전적 변이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2010년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지 세브란스 어린이병원에 하기도 감염증으로 입원한 소아에서 비인두 흡입 검체를 채취하였다. 다중 중합효소 연쇄 반응을 이용하여 12종의 바이러스에 대한 분자진단이 이루어졌고 이 중 보카바이러스 양성인 검체에 대하여 보카바이러스 1-4형에 특이적인 VP1/2 유전자 염기서열을 기반으로 하는 시발체를 이용한 중합효소 연쇄 반응을 시행하여 얻은 증폭산물의 염기서열분석을 확인하여 계통 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 전체 953명의 소아 중 141명(14.8%)에서 보카바이러스가 검출되었고, 61.7%에서 다른 바이러스와의 중복감염을 보였다. 염기서열분석 결과 모두 보카바이러스 1형으로 확인되었고 보카바이러스 2, 3, 4형은 검출되지 않았다. 검출된 모든 보카바이러스의 염기서열들은 98% 이상의 염기유사도를 보였다. 결론: 2010년 국내에서 유행한 보카바이러스 호흡기 감염은 유전학적으로 모두 보카바이러스 1형에 의한 것이었고, 동정된 균주들은 높은 염기유사도를 보였다. 아직까지 국내에서 보카바이러스의 변이는 미미한 상태이지만 향후 보카바이러스 호흡기 감염의 유행시 지속적인 유전자형의 추적관찰이 필요하다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.779-786
• /
• 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes on livestock farms in Korea and determine their serotypes and genetic correlations. Twenty-five livestock farms in Korea (central: 15, south west: 7, south east: 3) were visited 2-3 times, and 2,018 samples (feces: 677, soil: 680, silage: 647, sludge: 14) were collected. Samples were enriched in LEB (Listeria enrichment broth) and Fraser broth media, and then plated on Palcam agar. The isolates were identified by PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Then, the sero-types, presence of virulence genes (actA, inlA, inlB, plcB, and hlyA), and antibiotic resistance were determined. Genetic correlations among the isolates were evaluated by analyzing the restriction digest pattern with AscI. Of the 2,018 samples, only 3 (0.15%) soil samples (FI-1-FI-3) from 1 farm in the south east region were positive for L. monocytogenes. Based on biochemical tests and multiplex PCR, the serotype of the isolates were 4ab (FI-1 and FI-3) and 3a (FI-2), which are not common in foodborne L. monocytogenes. The 3a sero-type isolate was positive for all tested virulence genes, whereas the 4ab serotype isolates were only positive for hlyA, actA, and inlA. The isolates were resistant to all 12 tested antibiotics, especially FI-3. The genetic correlations among the isolates were 100% for those of the same serotype and 26.3% for those of different serotypes. These results indicate that the prevalence of L. monocytogenes on livestock farms in Korea is low; however, the isolates are pathogenic and antibiotic resistant.