• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.457-463
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• 2011

As computer related technologies are developed, interests in augmented reality technologies are greatly increasing. Augmented reality is a technology that composes digital contents from the real input images through camera and it enables interaction with users. This study designed a directional marker using LED light that emits infrared ray, then, provided a detection algorithm and a marker information extraction method that can realize various virtual objects as augmented reality from one marker. The newly designed method provides a solution to settle the problems in existing marker technologies such as decrease of immersiveness and read rate and single information expression, and at the same time it can minimize the cost or time consumption in marker information storage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1505-1510
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• 2001

A method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) was introduced incorporating the information of mixed progeny from complex pedigrees. The method consisted of two steps based on single marker analysis. The first step was to examine the marker-trait association with a mixed model considering common environmental effect and reversed QTL-marker linkage phase. The second step was to estimate QTL effects by a weighted least square analysis. A simulation study indicated that the method incorporating mixed progeny from multiple generations improved the accuracy of QTL detection. The influence of within-genotype variance and recombination rate on QTL analysis was further examined. Detecting a QTL with a large within-genotype variance was more difficult than with a small within-genotype variance. Most of the significant marker-QTL association was detectable when the recombination rate was less than 15%.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.7B
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• pp.711-721
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• 2004

To provide the end-to-end service differentiation for assured services, the random early demotion and promotion (REDP) marker in the edge router at each domain boundary monitors the aggregate flow of the incoming in-profile packets and demotes in-profile packets or promotes the previously demoted in-profile packets at the aggregate flow level according to the negotiated interdomain service level agreement (SLA). The REDP marker achieves UDP fairness in demoting and promoting packets through random and early marking decisions on packets. But, TCP fairness of the REDP marker is not obvious as fur UDP sources. In this paper, to improve TCP fairness of the REDP marker, we combine a dropper with the REDP marker. To make packet transmission rates of TCP flows more fair, at the aggregate flow level the combined dropper drops incoming excessive in-profile packets randomly with a constant probability when the token level in the leaky bucket stays In demotion region without incoming demoted in-profile packets. It performs a dropping in the demotion at a domain boundary only if there is no prior demotion. The concatenate dropping at multiple domains is avoided to manifest the effect of a dropping at a domain boundary on TCP fairness. We experiment with the REDP marker with the combined dropper using ns2 simulator for TCP sources. The simulation results show that the REDP marker with the combined dropper improves TCP fairness in demoting and promoting packets by generating fair demoted in-profile traffic compared to the REDP marker. The effectiveness of the selected drop probability is also investigated with showing its impact on the performance of the REDP marker with the combined dropper.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Purpose: To study the efficacy of marker match with using kilovoltage (KV) X-ray among multiple image guidance that referring tree fiducial marker in radiation therapy for prostate cancer patients. Materials and Methods: KV two-dimantional images (anterior-posterior, right-left) and cone-beam CT volumetric images were acquired after setup for patients with three fiducial markers. Compare the position of the fiducial marker of reference plan computed tomography (CT) and of KV, CBCT images; then decide the shift score of X, Y, and Z. This study executed 5 times on 10 patients and analyzed the shift value. Results: In the radiation therapy using fiducial marker, The function of marker match showed the same direction tendency as the CBCT, and showed X, Y, Z difference of about 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 (unit: mm). Conclusion: Comparing to this, the result of shift value using 2D marker match showed less than 1.0 mm difference. The function of marker match is considered more useful in time-wise and effective dose rather than CBCT. Therefore, Both methods are used to treat patients for prostate cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was aimed at evaluating the diagnostic validity of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer cells by performing multiple genetic marker analysis via quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer tissues. Materials and Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was performed on 12 human gastric cancer cell lines and 10 gastric cancer tissues with four mRNAs of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Cytokeratin 20 (CK20), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and L-3-phosphoserine phosphatase (L3PP). Results: Out of the 12 human gastric cancer cell lines we tested, CEA was overexpressed in four cell lines (33%), CK20 in one (8%), DDC in six (50%) and L3PP was expessed in all the lines (100%). Out of the 10 gastric cancer tissues we tested, CEA was overexpressed in nine tissues, CK20 in eight, DOC in nine and L3PP was overexpressed in all the tissues. L3PP was overexpressed in all the gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, but the levels of overexpression were lower than those of CEA and DDC. Conclusion: Multiple genetic marker analysis can compensate for the weak points of single marker analysis when testing gastric cancer, and three mRNAs of CEA, DDC and L3PP can be used as candidate genes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.473-480
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• 2003

In order to control the genetic background noise in QTL mapping, cofactor markers were incorporated in single marker analysis (SMACO) and interval mapping (CIM). A simulation was performed to see how effective the cofactors were by the number of QTL, the number and the type of markers, and the marker spacing. The results of QTL mapping for the simulated data showed that the use of cofactors was slightly effective when detecting a single QTL. On the other hand, a considerable improvement was observed when dealing with more than one QTL. Genetic background noise was efficiently absorbed with linked markers rather than unlinked markers. Furthermore, the efficiency was different in QTL mapping depending on the type of linked markers. Well-chosen markers in both SMACO and CIM made the range of linkage position for a significant QTL narrow and the estimates of QTL effects accurate. Generally, 3 to 5 cofactors offered accurate results. Over-fitting was a problem with many regressor variables when the heritability was small. Various marker spacing from 4 to 20 cM did not change greatly the detection of multiple QTLs, but they were less efficient when the marker spacing exceeded 30 cM. Likelihood ratio increased with a large heritability, and the threshold heritability for QTL detection was between 0.30 and 0.05.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2024

Recent flat-panel displays have become increasingly complicated to facilitate multiple display functions. In particular, the form of multilayered architectures for next-generation displays makes precise three-dimensional alignment of multiple panels a challenge. In this paper, a diffractive optical alignment marker is proposed to address the problem of three-dimensional alignment of distant dual panels beyond the depth-of-focus of a vision camera. The diffractive marker is effective to analyze the positional correlation of distant dual panels. The possibility of diffractive alignment in multilayer display fabrication is testified with numerical simulation and a proof-of-concept experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.440-440
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• 2005

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.162-172
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• 2011

In this paper, simulation was used to determine accuracies of genomic breeding values for polygenic traits associated with many thousands of markers obtained from high density genome scans. The statistical approach was based upon stochastically simulating a pedigree with a specified base population and a specified set of population parameters including the effective and noneffective marker distances and generation time. For this population, marker and quantitative trait locus (QTL) genotypes were generated using either a single linkage group or multiple linkage group model. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was simulated for an entire bovine genome (except for the sex chromosome, n = 29) including linkage and recombination. Individuals drawn from the simulated population with specified marker and QTL genotypes were randomly mated to establish appropriate levels of linkage disequilibrium for ten generations. Phenotype and genomic SNP data sets were obtained from individuals starting after two generations. Genetic prediction was accomplished by statistically modeling the genomic relationship matrix and standard BLUP methods. The effect of the number of linkage groups was also investigated to determine its influence on the accuracy of breeding values for genomic selection. When using high density scan data (0.08 cM marker distance), accuracies of breeding values on juveniles were obtained of 0.60 and 0.82, for a low heritable trait (0.10) and high heritable trait (0.50), respectively, in the single linkage group model. Estimates of 0.38 and 0.60 were obtained for the same cases in the multiple linkage group models. Unexpectedly, use of BLUP regression methods across many chromosomes was found to give rise to reduced accuracy in breeding value determination. The reasons for this remain a target for further research, but the role of Mendelian sampling may play a fundamental role in producing this effect.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 2001

A high speed context-free marker-controlled and minima imposition-free watershed transform is proposed for efficient multi-object detection and segmentation from a complex background. The context-free markers are extracted from a complex backgrounded multi-object image using a noise tolerant attention operator. These make marker-controlled watershed possible for the over-segmentation reduction without region merging. The proposed method presents a marker-constrained labeling that can speed up the segmentation of a marker-controlled watershed transform by eliminating the necessity of the minima imposition. Simulation results show that the proposed method can efficiently detects and segments multiple objects from a complex background while reducing over- segmentation and the computation time.