• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.213-233
• /
• 2006

Over the past years techniques for non-linear analysis have been enhanced significantly via improved solution procedures, extended finite element techniques and increased robustness of constitutive models. Nevertheless, problems remain, especially for real world structures of softening materials like concrete. The softening gives negative stiffness and risk of bifurcations due to multiple cracks that compete to survive. Incremental-iterative techniques have difficulties in selecting and handling the local peaks and snap-backs. In this contribution, an alternative method is proposed. The softening diagram of negative slope is replaced by a saw-tooth diagram of positive slopes. The incremental-iterative Newton method is replaced by a series of linear analyses using a special scaling technique with subsequent stiffness/strength reduction per critical element. It is shown that this event-by-event strategy is robust and reliable. First, the model is shown to be objective with respect to mesh refinement. Next, the example of a large-scale dog-bone specimen in direct tension is analyzed using an isotropic version of the saw-tooth model. The model is capable of automatically providing the snap-back response. Subsequently, the saw-tooth model is extended to include anisotropy for fixed crack directions to accommodate both tensile cracking and compression strut action for reinforced concrete. Three different reinforced concrete structures are analyzed, a tension-pull specimen, a slender beam and a slab. In all cases, the model naturally provides the local peaks and snap-backs associated with the subsequent development of primary cracks starting from the rebar. The secant saw-tooth stiffness is always positive and the analysis always 'converges'. Bifurcations are prevented due to the scaling technique.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제13권7호
• /
• pp.110-119
• /
• 2013

매체와 양식, 기술과 표현 사이의 고정관념에서 벗어나는 창작의 본질을 추구하는 창의적 실험을 위한 노력은 미술과 사진을 기반으로 20세기 초반 이후 끊임없이 이어져 왔다. 새로운 표현을 위한 예술적 시도로서 포토몽타주는 탄생했다. 본질적으로 다른 이미지들의 결합으로 새로운 의미를 만들어내는 작업으로서 포토몽타주는 의도적으로 선택한 다양한 이미지를 조합하고 합성하는 방식으로 메시지를 강조하여 시각적으로 구성된다. 이미지와 텍스트의 변증법적 시각예술로서 기존의 예술적 개념을 벗어나 새로운 형식을 추구하며 발전해온 포토몽타주는 그 개념이 현대의 다원예술과 유사하다. 포토몽타주의 가치는 사진의 표현영역을 사실의 묘사와 재현에 국한하지 않고 상상력을 자유롭게 표현할 수 있는 데포르마시옹으로서 새로운 가능성을 모색하고 일상의 경험을 창의적으로 표현하는 작업을 위한 기법의 구현에 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 2008

철근으로 휨 보강된 일반적인 부재의 경우, 강도설계법으로 부재의 공칭 휨 강도를 계산할 때 모든 휨 인장 철근은 극한상태에서 항복한다고 가정한다. 따라서 인장력은 철근의 도심에 작용하고 인장 철근 단면적과 철근의 항복강도의 곱으로 표현될 수 있다. 그러나 FRP bar는 철근과 달리 항복거동을 보이지 않기 때문에 각 열 FRP bar에 작용하는 응력은 중립축에서 떨어진 거리에 따라 달라질 것이다. 게다가 서로 다른 종류의 FRP bar가 동시에 한 부재에 적용된다면, 각 FRP bar의 변형률에 따라 작용하는 응력 또한 다양하게 될 것이고, 거동 양상 역시 예상과 다르게 나타날 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 일반철근, CFRP bar, GFRP bar를 이용하여 하이브리드 휨 보강된 6개의 고강도 콘크리트 보를 제작하고 구조실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 하이브리드 보강된 부재는 FRP bar로 단순 보강된 부재의 낮은 강성, 큰 균열폭, 취성 문제를 상당히 보완시켜주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 1998

The Scanora/sup (R)/ X-ray unit uses the principles of narrow beam radiography and spiral tomography. Starting with a panoramic overview as a scout image. multiple tomographic projections could be selected. This study evaluated the accuracy of spiral tomography in comparison to routine panoramic radiography for dental implant treatment planning. An experimental study was performed on a cadaver mandible to assess the accuracy of panoramic radiography and spiral tomography film images for measurement of metallic spheres. After radiographic images of the metallic spheres on the surgical stent were measured and corrected for a fixed magnification of radiographic images. following results were obtained. 1. In the optimal position of the mandible. the minimal horizontal and vertical distortion was evident in the panoramic radiography images. The mean horizontal and vertical magnification error in anterior sites was 5.25％ and 0.75％. respectively. The mean horizontal and vertical magnification error in posterior sites was 0.50％ and 1.50％. respectively. 2. In the displaced forward or in an eccentric position of the mandible. the magnification error of the panoramic radiography images increased significantly over the optimal position. Overall, the mean horizontal magnification error of the anterior site in the different positions changed dramatically within a range of -17.25％ to 39.00％, compared to the posterior range of -5.25％ to 8.50％. However, the mean vertical magnification error stayed with the range of 0.5％ to 3.75％ for all the mandibular positions. 3. The magnification effects in the tomographic scans were nearly identical for the anterior and posterior with a range of 2.00％ to 5.75％ in the horizontal and 4.50％ to 5.50％ in the vertical dimension, respectively. 4. A statistically significant difference between the anterior and posterior measurements was found in the horizontal measurements of the panoramic radiography images of the displaced forward and backward position of the mandible(P<0.05). Also a significant difference between the optimal panoramic and tomographic projections was found only in the vertical measurement(P<0.05).

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제25권3B호
• /
• pp.472-486
• /
• 2000

This paper analysis the performance of joint receiving structure consisting of the decorrelating multiuser detection and beamfromenr-RAKE receive for DS-CDMA communication systems. In asynchronous transmission as the number of simultaneous users increase. the capacity of CDMA system becomes severly reduced due to the nonideal orthogonality between user-assigned PN sequences and improper power control. Accordingly, the CDMA receiving system becomes vulnerable to the multiple access interferences and the near-far problem under multipath fading channel environment. To withstand these undesired performance degradations, this paper proposes the new type of multiuser detection which has a form of the hybrid structure of concatenating beamformer-RAKE receiver and decorrelating multiuser detection. the beam former-RAKE receiver performs temporal and spatial diversity combining with alleviating fading effect and suppressing undesired interferences, and the multiuser detection plays a role of making the receiver robust to the near-far problem. Regarding the individual merit on the usage of either multiuser detection or beamformer-RAKE receiver, the hybrid one is expected to produce the enhanced performance in multipath fading CDMA channel. However major drawback of using decorrelating multiuser detection for practical deployment is arised from its computational complexity , which is exponentially increased as more number of users and transmitted symbols involve. To diminish the computational complexity, this paper exploits an efficient block Toeplitz inversion technique using matrix Levinson polynomial will be introduced. And this paper provided the mathematical analysis to show the efficiency of the proposed joint structure under the multipath propagation environment. And results of a series of exhaustive computer simulations are presented in order to demonstrate the overall performance of the proposed hybrid structure in multipath fading CDMA channel.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제36권3B호
• /
• pp.297-304
• /
• 2011

무선통신 임베디드시스템 및 MIMO 전파특성 예측을 위해 실내 및 실외 전파 예측 프로그램을 통합하여 하나의 시뮬레이터를 통해 실내 외 전파 예측이 가능하다. 이러한 해석 기법 개발을 통하여 여러 송신기간의 간섭 문제 및 최대 송신거리 문제, 주파수 이용 효율 등 여러 가지 문제에 대한 분석 및 예측이 가능해진다. 본 예측 기술 개발에서는 기존의 Walfish-Ikegami 방법 등 간략화된 모델보다 정확도 높으면서도 환경적 특성을 잘 고려 할 수 있는 광선추적법을 구현한 모의해석 소프트웨어를 개발하고 효율적인 광선 추적이 가능하도록 고안된 광선 추적 기법과 추적된 광선 정보를 이용하여 전파 특성 해석 기술을 접목시켜 효율적이면서도 이론적 특성을 잘 반영한 전파 특성 예측 기술을 확보하였다. 또한 주파수 확보를 위한 국내 임베디드시스템 및 IMT-Advanced용 신규대역 확보를 위한 주파수 특성 및 IMT-Advanced용 주파수인 3-5GHz대역 전파특성을 규명하여 국내 무선통신 기술 개발에 필요한 기반 기술 확보 및 전파간섭등 주파수 관리 기술 확보를 위하여 검증 및 실험을 통하여 확인 하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2016

본 논문에서는 밀리미터파 5G 이동통신 시스템의 일환으로 한국전자통신연구원이 개발중인 Giga KOREA 5G의 물리계층 모뎀의 구조에 대하여 설명한다. Giga KOREA 5G 기술은 셀 당 최대 100 Gbps급 용량을 가진 기지국으로 개인별 1Gbps급 모바일 서비스를 제공하기 위해 밀리미터파 (10~40 GHz) 기반의 광대역 이동통신의 원천기술 및 시제품을 개발하는 것을 목표로 하고 있으며, 이러한 요구조건을 충족하기 위해 물리계층은 고속 대용량 기지국 및 단말 플랫폼과 이에 탑재되는 OFDM TDD 방식의 고성능 모뎀으로 구현되었다. Giga KOREA 5G 모뎀의 주요 기능으로는 주파수 집성 및 단말의 수신 빔 탐색, 대용량 데이터 송수신을 위한 고속의 채널 부호화 및 복호화, 고속 변복조 기능 등이 있다.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.407-411
• /
• 2020

In this study, we propose an array-type gas sensor with high selectivity and response using multiple oxide semiconductors. The sensor array was composed of SnO₂ and In₂O₃, and the detection characteristics were improved by using Pt, Au, and Pd catalysts. All samples were deposited directly on the Pt interdigitated electrode (IDE) through the e-beam evaporator glancing angle deposition (GAD) method. They grew in the form of well-aligned nanorods at off-axis angles. The prepared SnO₂ and In₂O₃ nanorod samples were exposed to CH₃COCH₃, C₇H₈, and NO₂ gases in a 300℃ dry condition. Au-decorated SnO₂, Au-decorated In₂O₃, and Pd-decorated In₂O₃ exhibited high selectivity for CH₃COCH₃, C₇H₈, and NO₂, respectively. They demonstrated a high detection limit of the sub ppb level computationally. In addition, measurements from each sensor were executed in the 40% relative humidity condition. Although there was a slight reduction in detection response, high selectivity and distinguishable detection characteristics were confirmed.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.82-89
• /
• 2006

Bone metastasis is a common sequelae of solid malignant tumors such as prostate, breast, lung, and renal cancers, which can lead to various complications, including fractures, hypercalcemia, and bone pain, as well as reduced performance status and quality of life it occurs as a result of a complex pathophysiologic process between host and tumor cells leading to cellular invasion, migration adhesion, and stimulation of osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity. Several sequelae occur as a result of osseous metastases and resulting bone pain can lead to significant debilitation. A multidisciplinary approach is usually required not only to address the etiology of the pain and its complicating factors but also to treat the patient appropriately. Pharmaceutical therapy of bone pain, includes non-steroidal analgesics, opiates, steroids, hormones, bisphosphonates, and chemotherapy. While external beam radiation therapy remains the mainstay of pain palliation of a solitary lesions, bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals have entered the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of multiple painful osseous lesions. $^{32}P,\;^{89}SrCl,\;^{153}Sm-EDTMP,\;^{188}Re/^{186}Re-HEDP,\;and\;^{177}Lu-EDTMP$ can be used to treat painful osseous metastases. These various radiopharmaceuticals have shown good efficacy in relieving bone pain secondary to bone metastasis. This systemic form of metabolic radiotherapy is simple to administer and complements other treatment options. This has been associated with improved mobility in many patients, reduced dependence on narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics, improved performance status and quality of life, and, in some studios, improved survival. All of these agents, although comprising different physical and chemical characteristics, offer certain advantages in that they are simple to administer, are well tolerated by the patient if used appropriately, and can be used alone or in combination with the other forms of treatment. This article illustrates the salient features of these radiopharmaceuticals, including the usual therapuetic dose, method of administration, and indications for use and also describe about the pre-management checklists, and jndication/contraindication and follow-up protocol.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.447-455
• /
• 2016

Precise propulsion shafting alignment of ships is very important to prevent damage of its support bearings due to excessive reaction forces caused by hull deflection, forces acted on propeller and crankshaft, and so forth. In this paper, a new iterative shafting alignment calculation procedure considering the interaction between shaft deflection and oil film pressure of Sterntube Journal Bearing (SJB) bush with single or multiple slopes is proposed. The procedure is based on a pressure analysis to evaluate distributed equivalent support stiffness of SJB by solving Reynolds equation and a deflection analysis of shafting system by a finite element method based on Timoshenko beam theory. SJB is approximated with multi-point biaxial elastic supports equally distributed to its length. Their initial stiffness values are estimated from dynamic reaction force calculated by assuming SJB as single rigid support. Then, the shaft deflection and the support stiffness of SJB are sequentially and iteratively calculated by applying a criteria on deflection variation between sequential calculation results. To demonstrate validity and applicability of the proposed procedure for optimal slope design of SJB, numerical analysis results for a shafting system are described.