• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.449-471
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• 2012

In intelligent surveillance systems, it is required to robustly track multiple people. Most of the previous studies adopted a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for discriminating the object from the background. However, it has a weakness that its performance is affected by illumination variations and shadow regions can be merged with the object. And when two foreground objects overlap, the GMM method cannot correctly discriminate the occluded regions. To overcome these problems, we propose a new method of tracking and identifying multiple people. The proposed research is novel in the following three ways compared to previous research: First, the illuminative variations and shadow regions are reduced by an illumination normalization based on the median and inverse filtering of the L*a*b* image. Second, the multiple occluded and overlapped people are tracked by combining the GMM in the still image and the Lucas-Kanade-Tomasi (LKT) method in successive images. Third, with the proposed human tracking and the existing face detection & recognition methods, the tracked multiple people are successfully identified. The experimental results show that the proposed method could track and recognize multiple people with accuracy.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.630-635
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a system for multiple people tracking using fragment based histogram matching. Appearance model is based on IHLS color histogram which can be calculated efficiently using integral histogram representation. Since histograms will loss all spatial information, we define a fragment based region representation which retain spatial information, robust against occlusion and scale issue by using disparity information. Multiple people labeling is maintained by creating online appearance representation for each people detected in scene and calculating fragment vote map. Initialization is performed automatically from background segmentation step.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.7_8
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• pp.713-718
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• 2003

The CONDENSATION (Conditional Density Propagation) algorithm has a robust tracking performance and suitability for real-time implementation. However, the CONDENSATION tracker has some difficulties with real-time implementation for multiple people tracking since it requires very complicated shape modeling and a large number of samples for precise tracking performance. Further, it shows a poor tracking performance in the case of close or partially occluded people. To overcome these difficulties, we present three improvements: First, we construct effective templates of people´s shapes using the SOM (Self-Organizing Map). Second, we take the discrete HMM (Hidden Markov Modeling) for an accurate dynamical model of the people´s shape transition. Third, we use the competition rule to separate close or partially occluded people effectively. Simulation results shows that the proposed CONDENSATION algorithm can achieve robust and real-time tracking in the image sequences of a crowd of people.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-28
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• 2006

In the ubiquitous computing environments. people usually carry multiple information technology devices with them. Personal device network (PDN) refers to the way how people connect multiple IT devices for their personal as well as professional purposes. Even though it has been Quite popular to construct the PDN in ubiquitous computing context, not much research has been conducted on how people actually connected multiple devices and what influences their methods of connection. In this paper we conducted a content analysis on community bulletin boards of IT devices and a contextual inquiry with expert users of PDN for investigating the configurations with which users connect multiple IT devices. Base on the results of two related studies, we identified three major types of PDN configurations, and key factors that influence the configurations of PDN. We conclude this research with guidelines to design a set of devices for each of the three configuration types.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.272-281
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of perceived stigma, self-esteem, quality of life and factors influencing on quality of life in people with Hansens' disease. Methods: The subjects were 128 people in Sorokdo National Hospital, two nursing homes, and three settlements. The stigma scale, self-esteem scale, and World Health Organization's quality of life instrument were used. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires from July to August, 2010 and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Ducan's multiple range test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression by SAS. Results: The level of perceived stigma was 3.93, self-esteem was 26.2, quality of life was 2.78. Self-esteem was positively associated with quality of life. Through the multiple regression, it was found that self-esteem and job were factors influencing of quality of life with 43% of predictability. Conclusion: It was found that self-esteem and job were important for people with Hansen's disease. To improve the quality of life in people with Hansen's disease, it is necessary to develop nursing interventions fostering self-esteem and decreasing perceived stigma.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.163-171
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• 2018

A mixed dysarthria with combinations of hypokinetic, ataxic, and spastic components is a common clinical feature of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Due to the rapid progress of dysarthria after diagnosis, people with MSA experience difficulty with verbal communication, which eventually affects their quality of life negatively. In this study, SPEAK $OUT!^{(R)}$, an intensive 1:1 treatment of dysarthria for improving functional communicative ability, was provided to twelve people with MSA. To evaluate the efficacy of SPEAK $OUT!^{(R)}$ in people with MSA, aerodynamic, acoustic, and perceptual analyses were conducted. Pre-and post-therapy data included maximum phonation time, vocal intensity, and fundamental frequency during /a/ sustained phonation and passage reading; frequency range between high /a/ and low /a/ phonation; jitter, shimmer, and HNR for vocal quality; speech rate during passage reading; and perceptual evaluation scores for articulation precision and intonation. The participants achieved statistically significant improvement in vocal intensity, pitch range, vocal quality, speech rate, and speech intelligibility. In conclusion, SPEAK $OUT!^{(R)}$ is a feasible treatment for people with MSA to efficaciously improve their speech ability.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.939-945
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed a method which corresponds people under the structured spaces with multiple cameras. The correspondence takes an important role for using multiple camera system. For solving this correspondence, the proposed method consists of three main steps. Firstly, moving objects are detected by background subtraction using a multiple background model. The temporal difference is simultaneously used to reduce a noise in the temporal change. When more than two people are detected, those detected regions are divided into each label to represent an individual person. Secondly, the detected region is segmented as features for correspondence by a criterion with the color distribution and context information of human body. The segmented region is represented as a set of blobs. Each blob is described as Gaussian probability distribution, i.e., a person model is generated from the blobs as a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). Finally, a GMM of each person from a camera is matched with the model of other people from different cameras by maximum likelihood. From those results, we identify a same person in different view. The experiment was performed according to three scenarios and verified the performance in qualitative and quantitative results.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.854-859
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• 2009

Multiple people using places are being managed to prevent disasters by the special law for safety supervising of multiple people using spots. The KESCO is managing the places through intensification of inspection. Perfect safety is not insured by frequencyinspections because disaster symptoms in electrical facilities include invisible faults. Especially, entertainment spots, such as entertainment bars and karaoke bars, are different from other multiple people using places, and active reaction to prevent electrical fires is impossible. Therefore, special protection plans to prevent electrical disasters are needed. In this paper, equipments of entertainment spots were researched, and their electrical characteristics were analyzed. The function for detecting aloose terminal, which is one of the main causes of electrical fires, was developed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.179-187
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to injury types in Daegu subway fire accident, Sampung department store collapse, Mokpo airport civil aircraft accident, and Buan sunken ship disaster. The conclusion obtained from these analyses are as following. 1. The total of victims were Sampung department store collapse(l440 people). Buan sunken ship disaster(355 people), Daegu subway fire accident(340 people), and Mokpo airport civil aircraft accident(110 people). 2. The total of dead people were Sampung department store collapse(502 people), Buan sunken ship disaster(287 people), Daegu subway fire accident(192 people), and Mokpa airport civil aircraft accident(66 people). 3. The total of injured people were Sampung department store collapse(938 people), Daegu subway fire accident(148 people), Mokpo airport civil aircraft accident(84 people), and Buan sunken ship disaster(67 people). 4. The major types of victims presented smoke inhalation such as coughing, dyspnea, and sore throat in Daegu subway fire accident. 5. The major types of victims presented crushing(multiple fractures), vertebral, and soft tissues injuries in Sampung department store collapse. 6. The major types of victims presented multiple fractures. In addition to, a lot of people showed vertebral injuries and shock symptoms in Mokpo airport civil aircraft accident. 7. The major types of victims presented drowning as well lots of hypothermia patients in Buan sunken ship disaster. There were a wide variety of types in human disaster. Therefore, the most important disaster training program need to each disaster aspect in the local emergency medical services system. Moreover, the emergency medical services personnel should be understand and training for injury types of each human disaster.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.939-946
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• 2019

Objective: To report our initial experience of percutaneous sacroplasty (PSP) with an interpedicular approach for treating painful sacral metastases involving multiple sacral vertebral bodies. Materials and Methods: This study prospectively enrolled 10 consecutive patients (six men and four women; mean age, 56.3 ± 13.8 years) who underwent PSP for painful sacral metastases involving multiple sacral vertebral bodies from March 2017 to September 2018. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI) values, and the number of opioids prescribed to the patients were assessed before and after PSP. The procedure duration, length of hospitalization, and complications were also recorded. Results: Mean VAS and ODI declined significantly from 6.90 ± 1.20 and 74.40 ± 5.48 before the procedure to 2.70 ± 1.34 and 29.60 ± 14.57 after the procedure, respectively (p < 0.01). The median number of opioids prescribed per patient decreased from 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1-3) pre-procedure to 1 (IQR 0-3) post-procedure (p < 0.01). Nine of the 10 patients showed no or decreased opioid usage, and only 1 patient showed unchanged usage. The mean procedure duration was 48.5 ± 3.0 minutes. The average length of hospitalization was 4.7 ± 1.7 days. Extraosseous cement leakage occurred in three cases without causing any clinical complications. Conclusion: PSP with an interpedicular approach is a safe and effective treatment in patients with painful sacral metastases involving multiple sacral vertebral bodies and can relieve pain and improve mobility.