• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.448-454
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• 2015

In this paper, the band structural design that is typically in a line was arranged in a ring shape, so as to configure the high power LED lighting in such a way as to form a concentrated light distribution angle of less than 15 degrees. The parabolic aluminized reflector PAR38 that facilitates design using area and the area of the optical system to the same extent, applied a multiple light-source condenser lens optical system for the control of integration. The LED used here implemented a single linear light source using ans LED module with ans LED, flip-chip chip-scale package. The optical system was designed based on the energy star standard.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-51
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to develop PBL packages geared toward fostering the problem-solving ability, self-directed learning capability and communicative competence of emergency medical technician students and to give some suggestions on the development of PBL packages of the approach based on the evaluation results of the packages by experts. Methods: First, real clinical situations that learners would be exposed to after graduation should be provided as examples when the packages are developed. Second, a variety of learning-facilitating tools should be offered to facilitate their understanding, because they don't yet gain plenty of clinical practice experiences. Third, they should be encouraged to have an energetic discussion in small group when the developed packages are applied. Conclusion: First, the packages developed in this study were just incorporated into some areas of a single course. In the future, the integration of an entire course or the development of a new course is required to attain the multiple learning objectives in the provided clinical situations. Second, this study attempted to develop the PBL packages to boost the problem-solving ability, self-directed learning capability and communicative competence of emergency medical technician students, and follow-up research should be implemented to finalize the packages based on the suggestions of the experts who evaluated them and to determine the effects of the packages.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.2 s.109
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• pp.89-94
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• 2005

The compression strength of corrugated fiberboard container for packaging the agricultural products rapidly decreases because of various environmental conditions during distribution of unitized products. Among various environmental conditions, the main factors affecting the compression strength of corrugated fiberboard are absorption of moisture, long-term accumulative load, and fatigue caused by shock and vibration. An estimated rate of damage for fruit during distribution is about from 30 to 40 percent owing to the shock and vibration. This study was carried out to characterize the durability of corrugated fiberboard container for packaging the fruit and vegetables under simulated transportation environment. The vibration test system was constructed to simulate the land transportation using truck. After the package with corrugated fiberboard container was vibrated by vibration test system at various experimental conditions, the compression test for the package was performed. The compression strength of corrugated fiberboard container decreased with loading weight and vibrating time. The multiple nonlinear regression equation for predicting the decreasing rate of compression strength of corrugated fiberboard containers were developed using four independent variables such as input acceleration level, input frequency, loading weight and vibrating time. The influence of loading weight on the decreasing rate of corrugated fiberboard container was larger than other variables.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.11A no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2004

In this paper, based on SCORM Sequencing Model, we propose the learning content structure which has structure informations of learning object and decision rules how to transfer learning object to learner. It is intended to provide the technical means for learning content objects to be easily shared and reused across multiple learning delivery environment. We develop the generation tool of learning object sequencing, for processing the learning with variable teaching methodologies. The teaming objects also are automatically packaged the PIE(Package Interchange File) to transmit with SCORM RTE(Run-Time Environment) and attached SCO(Sharable Content Object) function for tracking learner information.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2023

Recently, the abnormal weather events and crop damages occurred frequently likely due to climate change. The importance of meteorological data in agricultural research is increasing. Researchers can download weather observation data by accessing the websites provided by the KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) and the RDA (Rural Development Administration). However, there is a disadvantage that multiple inquiry work is required when a large amount of meteorological data needs to be received. It is inefficient for each researcher to store and manage the data needed for research on an independent local computer in order to avoid this work. In addition, even if all the data were downloaded, additional work is required to find and open several files for research. In this study, data collected by the KMA and RDA were uploaded to GitHub, a remote storage service, and a package was created that allows easy access to weather data using Python. Through this, we propose a method to increase the accessibility and usability of meteorological data for agricultural personnel by adopting a method that allows anyone to take data without an additional authentication process.

• Atmosphere
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.491-502
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• 2014

As a part of the KIAPS (Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems) Package for Observation Processing (KPOP), we have developed the modules for Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) pre-processing and its bias correction. The KPOP system calculates the airmass bias correction coefficients via the method of multiple linear regression in which the scan-corrected innovation and the thicknesses of 850~300, 200~50, 50~5, and 10~1 hPa are respectively used for dependent and independent variables. Among the four airmass predictors, the multicollinearity has been shown by the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) that quantifies the severity of multicollinearity in a least square regression. To resolve the multicollinearity, we adopted simple linear regression and Principal Component Regression (PCR) to calculate the airmass bias correction coefficients and compared the results with those from the multiple linear regression. The analysis shows that the order of performances is multiple linear, principal component, and simple linear regressions. For bias correction for the AMSU-A channel 4 which is the most sensitive to the lower troposphere, the multiple linear regression with all four airmass predictors is superior to the simple linear regression with one airmass predictor of 850~300 hPa. The results of PCR with 95% accumulated variances accounted for eigenvalues showed the similar results of the multiple linear regression.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop prediction models for plant species abundance by stream restoration. Generally the stream plant is affected by stream gemophology. So in this study, the relationship between the vegetation abundance and stream gemophology was developed by multiple regression analysis. The stream characteristics utilized in this study were longitudinal slope, transectional slope, micro-landforms through the longitudinal direction, riparian width and geometric mean diameter and biggest diameter of bed material, and cumulated coarse and fine sand weight portion. The Pyungchang River with mountainous watershed and the Kyungan stream and the Bokha stream in the agricultural region were selected and vegetation species abundance and stream characteristics were documented from the site at 2~3km intervals from the upper stream to the lower. The Models for predicting the vegetation abundance were developed by multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistics package. The linear relationship between the dependant(species abundance) and independant(stream characteristics) variables was tested by a graphical method. Longitudinal and transectional slope had a nonlinear relationship with species abundance. In the next step, the independance between the independant variables was tested and the correlation between independant and dependant variables was tested by the Pearson bivariate correlation test. The selected independant variables were transectional slope, riparian width, and cumulated fine sand weight portion. From the multiple regression analysis, the $R^2$for the Pyungchang river, Kyungan stream, Bokga stream were 0.651, 0.512 and 0.240 respectively. The natural stream configuration in the Pyungchang river had the best result and the lower $R^2$for Kyunan and Bokha stream were due to human impact which disturbed the natural ecosystem. The lowest $R^2$for the Bokha stream was due to the shifting sandy bed. If the stream bed is fugitive, the prediction model may not be valid. Using the multiple regression models, the vegetation abundance could be predicted with stream characteristics such as, transection slope, riaparian width, cumulated fine sand weigth portion, after stream restoration.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.79-85
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• 2013

In SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) environment, the presence server should process SIP SUBSCRIBE request messages including multiple presence resources addresses from users, and also precess massive notification messages from the subscribed presence resources. The load of the presence server increases as number of users increase, and it limits system extendability. Therefore a new multiple presence servers architecture has been suggested in this research. In this architecture presence servers can be added dynamically and each server's load can be controlled effectively as number of users increase. Each presence server can monitor current load status of entire presence system by using presence event notification package which newly has been suggested in this paper. When a particular presence server's load increases over predefined limit, the presence service processing is distributed by selecting a server which has the smallest load, or by generating a new server dynamically. In this system the overall load of the entire system can be controlled optimally and extendability of the system can be increased. For this purpose a new presence event notification package and presence information data format have been suggested. The performance of the proposed system has been evaluated by experiments. They shows 44.3% increase in SUBSCRIBE message processing time, and 43.1% increase in Notification message processing time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.38-45
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• 2013

Buffer green space in the residential area is a mechanism for improving the residential environment and also significant for residential life satisfaction and its various social roles. Accordingly, this study aimed to discover the effect of the buffer green space, which was established to minimize environmental influences of the residential environment, on residential life satisfaction. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on residents in Myeongji Residential Area where the buffer green space was installed, to examine the factors of the buffer green space and to analyze its causal relation with residential life satisfaction. The SPSS(statistical package for social science) 21 program was used for analysis and factorial analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were executed. As a result, the roles of the buffer green space in Myeong-ji Residential Area included residential comfort, disaster protection, green space usability and environmental ecological property. In the overall accrued factorial contribution rate, residential comfort was very high with 40.54% out of total 62.48%. In addition, the residential comfort and green area usability had a higher correlation with residential life satisfaction. However, the significant level of disaster protection and environmental ecological property were 0.725 and 0.898, respectively, which were not significant as a preference factor in multiple regression analysis. Accordingly, the buffer green space for improving residential comfort and green space usability was confirmed to enhance residential life satisfaction.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2011

This study presents modeling technologies applicable to an unbonded post-tension system using a finite element software package. In this study, both direct modeling method and multiple spring method were used. The direct modeling method adopts tube-to-tube contact elements to represent the physical feature of a post-tension system. The multiple spring method uses virtual tendons attached to the real tendons using a number of rigid axial springs that freely rotate at the ends. Both modeling technologies provide accurate predictions. However, only the multiple spring method provides numerically stable and reliable responses with a consideration of concrete tension stiffening effects. Therefore, the multiple spring method turned out to be a generally applicable modeling technology for the unbonded post-tension system. Comparisons were made for the analytical and experimental results for the verification of the selected method, and parameter studies were carried out to confirm the appropriateness of the modeling assumptions and parameters adopted in the analysis.