• International Journal of Contents
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.15-19
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• 2007

We review some loop partitioning techniques such as loop splitting method by thresholds and Polychronopoulos' loop splitting method for exploiting parallelism from single loop which already developed. We propose improved loop splitting method for maximizing parallelism of single loops with non-constant dependence distances. By using the iteration and distance for the source of the first dependence, and by our defined theorems, we present generalized and optimal algorithms for single loops with non-uniform dependences. The algorithms generalize how to transform general single loops with one dependence as well as with multiple dependences into parallel loops.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose improved loop splitting method for maximizing parallelism of single loops with non-constant dependence distances. By using the iteration and distance for the source of the first dependence, and by our defined theorems, we present generalized and optimal algorithms for single loops with non-uniform dependences (MPSL). By the extension of the MPSL method, we also apply to exploit parallelism from nested loops with simple subscripts, based on cycle shrinking and loop interchanging method. The algorithms generalize how to transform general single loops with non-uniform dependences as well as nested loops with simple subscripts into parallel loops.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 2009

A new approach was applied to examine the charge generation and transport in organic photoconductive devices by Monte‐Carlo simulation utilizing multiple site interactions of carriers with all other charges within Coulomb radius. Stepwise generation frame was considered first by a charge separation process that was counted in two separate transactions, i.e., hopping against physical decay and dissociation against recombination. Thereafter, diffusion/ drifting process of free carriers was counted to follow. This method enables to examine readily the photocurrent generated alongside the charge generation efficiency. The field and temperature dependences of the efficiency and photocurrent were obtained comparable to Onsager’s and experimental data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.502-508
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• 2012

Quantitative ultrasound technologies for osteoporosis diagnosis measure ultrasonic parameters such as speed of sound(SOS) and normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation(nBUA) in the calcaneus (heel bone). In the present study, the dependences of SOS and nBUA on bone mineral density in the proximal femur with high risk of fracture were investigated by using 20 trabecular bone samples extracted from bovine femurs. SOS and nBUA in the femoral trabecular bone samples were measured by using a transverse transmission method with one matched pair of ultrasonic transducers with a center frequency of 1.0 MHz. SOS and nBUA measured in the 20 trabecular bone samples exhibited high Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) of r = 0.83 and 0.72 with apparent bone density, respectively. The multiple regression analysis with SOS and nBUA as independent variables and apparent bone density as a dependent variable showed that the correlation coefficient r = 0.85 of the multiple linear regression model was higher than those of the simple linear regression model with either parameter SOS or nBUA as an independent variable. These high linear correlations between the ultrasonic parameters and the bone density suggest that the ultrasonic parameters measured in the femur can be useful for predicting the femoral bone mineral density.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.204-213
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• 2015

Under the conditional independence assumption among local features, the Naive Bayes Nearest Neighbor (NBNN) classifier has been recently proposed and performs classification without any training or quantization phases. While the original NBNN shows high classification accuracy without adopting an explicit training phase, the conditional independence among local features is against the compositionality of objects indicating that different, but related parts of an object appear together. As a result, the assumption of the conditional independence weakens the accuracy of classification techniques based on NBNN. In this work, we look into this issue, and propose a novel Bayesian network for an NBNN based classification to consider the conditional dependence among features. To achieve our goal, we extract a high-level feature and its corresponding, multiple low-level features for each image patch. We then represent them based on a simple, two-level layered Bayesian network, and design its classification function considering our Bayesian network. To achieve low memory requirement and fast query-time performance, we further optimize our representation and classification function, named relation-based Bayesian network, by considering and representing the relationship between a high-level feature and its low-level features into a compact relation vector, whose dimensionality is the same as the number of low-level features, e.g., four elements in our tests. We have demonstrated the benefits of our method over the original NBNN and its recent improvement, and local NBNN in two different benchmarks. Our method shows improved accuracy, up to 27% against the tested methods. This high accuracy is mainly due to consideration of the conditional dependences between high-level and its corresponding low-level features.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2001

The structural dependence of the performance of an 1.55 $1.55{\mu}m$ InGaAsPIInGaAsP MQW electro-absorption modulator for highspeed digital fiber communication was systematically investigated. The effects of n-doped SCH region length $t_n$ as well as the general structure parameters including quantum well number $N_w$, well-thickness $t_w$, detuning wavelength $\Delta\lambda$, and device length L were thoroughly analyzed. Thereby, a high-pelfoIDlance electro-absorption modulator with device length L of $100{\mu}m$ was successfully designed. The designed structure showed excellent characteristics that have residual loss less than -1.5 dB, operational voltage from 0 V to -2V, and extinction ratios of -2.92 dB at $V_{\alpha}$=-1 V and -10 dB at $V_{\alpha}$=-2V.X>=-2V.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

Purpose: This study analyzed the characteristics of stable pelvic bone fractures with intra-abdominal solid organ injury. Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 to December 2009 of patients with stable pelvic bone fractures. A stable pelvic bone fracture according to Young's classification is defined as a lateral compression type I and antero-posterior compression type I. Subjects were divided into two groups, one with (injured group) and one without (non-injured group) intra-abdominal solid organ injury, to evaluate the dependences of the characteristics on the presence of an intra-abdominal solid organ injury. Data including demographics, mechanism of injury, initial hemodynamic status, laboratory results, Revised Trauma Score (RTS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), amount of transfusion, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were analyzed. Results: The subjects were 128 patients with a mean age of 42 years old, of whom were 67 male patients (52.3%). The injured group had 21 patients(16.4%), and the most frequent injured solid organ was the liver. Traffic accident was the most common mechanism of injury and lateral compression was the most common type of fracture in all groups. Initial systolic blood pressure was lower in the injured group, and the ISS was greater in the injured group. Arterial pH was lower in the injured group, and shock within 24 hours after arrival at the emergency department was more frequent in the injured group. Transfused packed red blood cells within 24 hours were 8 patients(38.1%) in the injured group and 11 patients(10.3%) in the non-injured group. Conservative treatment was the most common therapeutic modality in all groups. Stay in the ICU was longer in the injured group, and three mortalities occurred. Conclusion: There is a need to decide on a diagnostic and therapeutic plan regarding the possibility of intra-abdominal solid organ injury for hemodynamically unstable patients with stable pelvic bone fractures and for patients with stable pelvic bone fractures along with multiple associated injuries.