• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.433-441
• /
• 2010

Multihop transmission is a promising technique that helps in achieving broader coverage (excellent network connectivity) and preventing the impairment of wireless channels. This paper proposes a cluster-based multihop wireless network that makes use of the advantages of multihop relaying, i.e., path loss gain, and partial relay selection in each hop, i.e., spatial diversity. In this partial relay selection, the node with the maximum instantaneous channel gain will serve as the sender for the next hop. With the proposed protocol, the transmit power and spectral efficiency can be improved over those in the case of direct transmission and conventional multihop transmission. Moreover, at a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the performance of the system with at least two nodes in each cluster is dependent only on the last hop and not on any of the intermediate hops. For a practically feasible decode-and-forward relay strategy, a compact expression for the probability density function of the end-to-end SNR at the destination is derived. This expression is then used to derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average symbol error rate, and average bit error rate for M-ary square quadrature amplitude modulation as well as to determine the spectral efficiency of the system. In addition, the probability of SNR gain over direct transmission is investigated for different environments. The mathematical analysis is verified by various simulation results for demonstrating the accuracy of the theoretical approach.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제37B권12호
• /
• pp.1138-1147
• /
• 2012

케이블과 DSL의 대안으로서 라스트 마일(last mile)의 광역 접근을 무선으로 가능하게 해주며 고속 인터넷 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 표준 기술로 알려진 WiMAX에 셀 용량의 증대와 셀 커버리지를 확장하기 위하여 Mobile Multihop Relay 기술이 추가적으로 제안 되면서 많은 관심을 모으고 있다. 본 논문에서는 셀 커버리지를 확장하기 위하여 릴레이 노드(RS)를 운용하는 방법에 초점을 맞추고 사용자 노드(SS)들에 대한 형평성을 고려한 자원할당 알고리즘을 사용하여 다중홉 릴레이 네트워크의 성능을 분석하였으며, 특히 주파수 재사용 기법을 적용할 때에 릴레이 노드들 간의 간섭 현상이 셀 용량에 미치는 영향을 구체적으로 분석하여 비용 효과를 고려한 셀 커버리지 확장 방법을 제안한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2011

협력적 다중 홉 통신은 열악한 무선 통선 환경인 수중 음향 네트워크 환경에서 보다 더 효율적인 통신을 제공한다. 그러나 이러한 협력적 다중 홉 통신은 초기 시간 구간에서 협력 노드 개수 부족으로 인하여 초기 노드에서 오류가 난 선호를 받을 확률이 높고, 오류 선호가 계속적으로 전송되므로 오류 확률증가가 예상된다. 이와같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 초기 시간 구간에서 파운틴 코드를 적용하여 성능을 개선시킬 수 있음을 모의실험을 통해 보인다. 또한 주파수와 거리에 따른 성능을 송신전력의 관점에서 보고 모의실험을 통해 성능을 보인다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.221-231
• /
• 2011

A joint multipath routing algorithm and channel allocation and scheduling for wireless multihop and multichannel systems is discussed. In packet transmission, distribution of packets to multiroutes makes it possible to reduce the transmission cost of the channels. Cross-layer cooperation of routing, channel allocation, and scheduling is an effective method of packet distribution. As a framework for the cooperation, we propose a multiroute distance vector routing (MDVR) scheme. In the MDVR scheme, the routing table is logically placed in between the routing and link layers, and the table plays the role of a service access point between these two layers. To evaluate the performance of MDVR, simulation is performed in a multichannel, multihop environment. The simulation results show that the MDVR framework can be efficiently implemented in the form of a distributed routing algorithm. It is also shown that in MDVR, the system-wise channel efficiency is almost 25% higher than that in a conventional single-route routing approach.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제14권12호
• /
• pp.1559-1571
• /
• 2011

In wireless ad hoc networks, nodes communicate with each other using multihop routed transmission in which hop-by-hop cooperative diversity can be effectively employed. This paper proposes (i) two cooperation models for per-link cooperation (PLC) and per-node cooperation (PNC) for exploiting cooperative diversity in wireless ad hoc networks and (ii) a cooperative routing algorithm for the above models in which best relays are selected for cooperative transmission. First, two cooperation models for PLC and PNC are introduced and represented as an edge-weighted graph with effective link quality. Then, the proposed models are transformed into a simplified graph and a cooperative routing algorithm with O(n2) time is developed, where n is the number of nodes in the network. The effectiveness of the algorithm is confirmed for the two cooperation models using simulation.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.960-967
• /
• 2014

In this paper, an analytical framework is proposed for the optimization of network performance through joint congestion control, channel allocation, rate allocation, power control, scheduling, and routing with the consideration of fairness in multi-channel wireless multihop networks. More specifically, the framework models the network by a generalized network utility maximization (NUM) problem under an elastic link data rate and power constraints. Using the dual decomposition technique, the NUM problem is decomposed into four subproblems - flow control; next-hop routing; rate allocation and scheduling; power control; and channel allocation - and finally solved by a low-complexity distributed method. Simulation results show that the proposed distributed algorithm significantly improves the network throughput and energy efficiency compared with previous algorithms.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.647-655
• /
• 2015

Low-power and lossy networks (LLNs) comprised of thousands of embedded networking devices can be used in a variety of applications, such as smart grid automated metering infrastructures (AMIs) and wireless sensor networks. Connecting these LLNs to the Internet has even greater potential, leading to the emerging concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). With the goal of integrating LLNs into IoT, the IETF has recently standardized RPL and 6LoWPAN to allow the use of IPv6 on LLNs. Although there already exist several studies on the the performance of RPL and embedded IPv6 stack in LLN, performance measurement and characterization of TCP over RPL in multihop LLNs is yet to be studied. In this article, we present a comprehensive experimental study on the performance of TCP over RPL in an embedded IPv6-based LLN running over a 30-node multihop IEEE 802.15.4 testbed network. Our results and findings are aimed at investigating how embedded TCP interoperates with common Linux TCP and underlying RPL (and vice versa), which furthers our understanding of the performance trade-offs when choosing TCP over RPL in IPv6-based LLNs.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.371-377
• /
• 2014

Localized topology control is attractive for obtaining reduced network graphs with desirable features such as sparser connectivity and reduced transmit powers. In this paper, we focus on studying how to prolong network lifetime in the context of localized topology control for wireless multi-hop networks. For this purpose, we propose an energy efficient localized topology control algorithm. In our algorithm, each node is required to maintain its one-hop neighborhood topology. In order to achieve long network lifetime, we introduce a new metric for characterizing the energy criticality status of each link in the network. Each node independently builds a local energy-efficient spanning tree for finding a reduced neighbor set while maximally avoiding using energy-critical links in its neighborhood for the local spanning tree construction. We present the detailed design description of our algorithm. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is deduced to be O(mlog n), where m and n represent the number of links and nodes in a node's one-hop neighborhood, respectively. Simulation results show that our algorithm significantly outperforms existing work in terms of network lifetime.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.196-206
• /
• 2009

Over the last five years, relaying or multihop techniques have been intensively researched as means for potentially improving link performance of wireless networks. However, the data rates of relays are often limited because they cannot transmit and receive on the same frequency simultaneously. This limitation has come to the attention of researchers, and recently a number of relay techniques have been proposed specifically to improve the data efficiency of relaying protocols. This paper surveys transmission protocols that employ first single relays, then multiple relays and finally multiple antenna relays. A common feature of these techniques is that novel signal processing techniques are required in the relay network to support increased data rates. This paper presents results and discussion that highlight the advantages of these approaches.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.21-26
• /
• 2012

인트라세션 네트워크 코딩은 멀티 홉 무선 네트워크의 스케줄링을 간소화하고 패킷 전송의 효율성을 통하여 처리율을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로 제시되었다. 다중 레이트는 대부분의 무선 네트워크에서 사용되고 있으며 기존 연구에서 기회주의적 라우팅 방식과 결합하여 처리율의 증가를 보였다. 본 논문에서는 다중 레이트와 인트라세션 네트워크 코딩 방식을 사용하여 멀티 홉 네트워크 환경에서 처리율을 향상하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 네트워크 모델을 인트라세션 네트워크 환경으로 모델링하고 제안한 레이트 선택 방법을 통하여 각 노드에서 최적인 전송 속도를 결정한다. 선형계획법을 사용하여 최대 처리율을 도출하고 MATLAB과 lp_solve IDE 프로그램을 이용하여 성능을 평가한다. 성능평가 결과를 통해 다중 레이트를 사용할 경우 단일 레이트 환경에 비하여 처리율이 향상되며 인트라세션 네트워크 코딩 방식은 기회주의적 라우팅 방식에 비하여 처리율이 향상됨을 보였다.