• Title/Summary/Keyword: Multidetector Computed Tomography

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In search of subcortical and cortical morphologic alterations of a normal brain through aging: an investigation by computed tomography scan

  • Mehrdad Ghorbanlou;Fatemeh Moradi;Mohammad Hassan Kazemi-Galougahi;Maasoume Abdollahi
    • Anatomy and Cell Biology
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    • v.57 no.1
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    • pp.45-60
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    • 2024
  • Morphologic changes in the brain through aging, as a physiologic process, may involve a wide range of variables including ventricular dilation, and sulcus widening. This study reports normal ranges of these changes as standard criteria. Normal brain computed tomography scans of 400 patients (200 males, 200 females) in every decade of life (20 groups each containing 20 participants) were investigated for subcortical/cortical atrophy (bicaudate width [BCW], third ventricle width [ThVW], maximum length of lateral ventricle at cella media [MLCM], bicaudate index [BCI], third ventricle index [ThVI], and cella media index 3 [CMI3], interhemispheric sulcus width [IHSW], right hemisphere sulci diameter [RHSD], and left hemisphere sulci diameter [LHSD]), ventricular symmetry. Distribution and correlation of all the variables were demonstrated with age and a multiple linear regression model was reported for age prediction. Among the various parameters of subcortical atrophy, BCW, ThVW, MLCM, and the corresponding indices of BCI, ThVI, and CMI3 demonstrated a significant correlation with age (R2≥0.62). All the cortical atrophy parameters including IHSW, RHSD, and LHSD demonstrated a significant correlation with age (R2≥0.63). This study is a thorough investigation of variables in a normal brain which can be affected by aging disclosing normal ranges of variables including major ventricular variables, derived ventricular indices, lateral ventricles asymmetry, cortical atrophy, in every decade of life introducing BW, ThVW, MLCM, BCI, ThVI, CMI3 as most significant ventricular parameters, and IHSW, RHSD, LHSD as significant cortical parameters associated with age.

CT Findings of Central Airway Lesions Causing Airway Stenosis-Visualization and Quantification: A Pictorial Essay (협착을 유발하는 중심 기관지 병변들의 전산화단층촬영 소견-시각화 및 정량화: 임상화보)

  • Myeong Jin Choi;Hee Kang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.82 no.6
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    • pp.1441-1476
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    • 2021
  • The tracheobronchial tree is a system of airways that allows the passage of air to aerate the lungs and entire body. Several pathological conditions can affect this anatomical region. Multidetector CT (MDCT) helps identify and characterize various large airway diseases. Post-processing tools, such as virtual bronchoscopy and automatic lung analysis, can help enhance the performance of imaging studies. In this pictorial essay review, we provide imaging findings of various bronchial lesions manifested as wall thickening and endoluminal nodules on conventional MDCT and advanced image visualization and analysis.

Diagnostic Performance and Prognostic Relevance of FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Patients with Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

  • Nam Hee Kim;Sung Ryol Lee;Young Hwan Kim;Hong Joo Kim
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • v.21 no.12
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    • pp.1355-1366
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    • 2020
  • Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value and prognostic relevance of FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. Materials and Methods: This study included 234 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent FDG PET-CT between June 2008 and February 2016. The diagnostic performance of FDG PEG-CT was compared to that of contrast-enhanced multidetector row CT (MDCT) and MRI. Independent prognosticators for poor survival were also assessed. Results: The sensitivity of FDG PET-CT for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node metastases was lower than that of MDCT or MRI (p < 0.001), whereas the specificity and positive predictive value for detecting regional lymph nodes metastases was significantly better in FDG PET-CT compared to MDCT and MRI (all p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield of distant metastases detection among three diagnostic imaging techniques. In a multivariate analysis, maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the primary tumor (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-2.69) and of the metastatic lesions ≥ 5 (adjusted HR, 8.10; 95% CI, 1.96-33.5) were independent contributors to poor overall survival in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. In a subgroup analysis of 187 patients with periductal infiltrating type of cholangiocarcinoma, an SUVmax of the primary tumor ≥ 5 was associated with an increased risk of regional lymph node (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.60; 95% CI, 0.55-4.63) and distant metastases (adjusted OR, 100.57; 95% CI, 3.94-2567.43) at diagnosis as well as with poor overall survival (adjusted HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.04-3.15). Conclusion: FDG PET-CT showed lower sensitivity for detecting primary tumor and regional lymph node involvement than MDCT and MRI. However, the SUVmax of primary tumors and metastatic lesions derived from FDG PET-CT could have significant implications for predicting prognoses in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients.

Radiation dose and Lifetime Attributable Risk of Cancer Estimates in 64-slice Multidetector Computed Tomography (64-절편 다행검출 CT 검사에서의 환자선량과 암 발생의 Lifetime Attributable Risk(LAR) 평가)

  • Kang, Yeong-Han;Park, Jong-Sam
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.244-252
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    • 2011
  • This study was to estimate the radiation dose associated with 64-slice multidetector CT(MDCT) in clinical practice and quantify the potential cancer risk associated with these examinations. Lifetime attributable risks(LAR) were estimated with models developed in the national Academies' Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII report. Mean effective dose were 1.48mSv in Brain axial scan, 7.66mSv in chest routine contrast, 12.17mSv in coronary angiogram, 24.52mSv in Dynamic abdomen scan. LAR estimates for brain routine varied from 1 in 7463 for man to 1 in 4926 for women. In chest routine with contrast, LAR varied from 1 in 1449 for men to 1 in 952. LAR of Abdomen dynamic CT varied from 1 in 453 for men to 1 in 298 for women. So, 64-slice MDCT scan is associated with non-negligible LAR of cancer. Doses can be reduced by careful attention to scanning protocol.

Imaging features of Stafne bone defects on computed tomography: An assessment of 40 cases

  • Morita, Lucas;Munhoz, Luciana;Nagai, Aline Yukari;Hisatomi, Miki;Asaumi, Junichi;Arita, Emiko Saito
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.81-86
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study was performed to assess and describe the imaging features of 40 cases of Stafne bone defects (SBDs) on computed tomographic (CT) examinations. Materials and Methods: This study collected data, including age and sex, from 40 patients with SBDs who underwent CT exams. The imaging features of the SBDs were assessed in terms of their location, average size, the relationship of their contour with the cortical plate of the lingual mandible, bone margins, degree of internal density, shape, topographic relationship between the defect and the mandibular edge, the distance from the SBD to the base of the mandible, and the Ariji classification (type I, II, and III). Results: The average age was 57.3 years(range, 28-78 years), and the patients were predominantly male (70%). In all cases (100%), the posterior unilateral lingual SBD variant was observed. Within the Ariji classification, type I was the most common (60%). Among the most frequently observed radiographic characteristics were thick sclerotic bone margin across the entire defect contour, completely hypointense internal content, an oval shape, and continuity with the mandibular base with discontinuity of the mandibular edge. Conclusion: This study showed that posterior SBDs could present with an oval or rounded shape, complete hypodensity, and thick sclerotic margins. Likewise, SBDs could appear almost anywhere, with minor differences from the classic SBD appearance. It is fundamental for dental practitioners to know the imaging features of SBDs, since they are diagnosed primarily based on imaging.

Total Occlusion of the Abdominal Aorta Caused by Detachment of Cardiac Myxoma

  • Hong, Sung-Yong;Park, Kyung-Taek;Choe, Hyun-Min
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.183-185
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    • 2012
  • Abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO) caused by detachment of cardiac myxoma (CM) is a very rare complication in patients with CM. Although the nature of CMs has been well established, detachment of CM may cause unexpected serious complications such as vicious embolic events. Actually, in several cases of AAO caused by detachment of CM, it has been reported that CM fragments easily migrated to the brain, heart, and lungs, and caused lifelong neurological complications despite appropriate surgical therapy. Herein, we report a case of a patient with AAO caused by detachment of CM who underwent CM excision and abdominal aortic thromboembolectomy. Additionally, we have presented the preoperative and postoperative images using 64-multidetector computed tomography.

Changing Role of Nuclear Medicine for the Evaluation of Focal Hepatic Tumors: From Lesion Detection to Tissue Characterization (국소 간 종양의 조직적 특성을 평가하는데 있어 최근 핵의학의 역할)

  • Kim, Chun-Ki;Yu, Mi-Jin
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.211-224
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    • 1998
  • The role of scintigraphic imaging has moved from the detection of lesions to the tissue-specific characterization of lesions over the past 2 decades. Major advances in nuclear medicine imaging include: 1) positron imaging, 2) improved instrumentation, such as the use of multidetector (dual or triple head) gamma cameras for single photon emission computed tomography, and 3) development of numerous new radiopharmaceuticals for positron or single photon imaging (labeled glucose analogue, amino acids, fatty acids, hormones, drugs, receptor ligands, monoclonal antibodies, etc). These advances have resulted in a significantly improved efficacy of radionuclide techniques for the evaluation of various tumors, including those within the liver. The current role of nuclear medicine in the evaluation of focal hepatic tumors is reviewed in this article with an emphasis on the clinical applications of various tracer studies and imaging findings.

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Angiosarcoma of the Breast and Spleen: A Case Report with Imaging and Pathologic Findings (유방 및 비장의 혈관육종: 영상 소견 및 병리 소견을 포함한 증례 보고)

  • Jieun Kim;Hyun Kyung Jung;Woogyeong Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.82 no.5
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    • pp.1310-1314
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    • 2021
  • Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare malignant sarcoma of endovascular origin that presents with various radiological findings. We encountered a case of angiosarcoma of the breast presenting as an irregular indistinct hyperechoic mass on ultrasonography, with a large single angiosarcoma of the spleen in a previously healthy 36-year-old female. Herein, we report the imaging and pathologic findings and review the literature.

Unusual Peritoneal Metastasis of Late Recurrent Uterine Cervical Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review (후기 재발성 자궁 경부암의 비전형적인 복막 전이: 증례 보고 및 문헌 고찰)

  • Sangmin Park;Hee Jin Kim
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.83 no.4
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    • pp.904-909
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    • 2022
  • Uterine cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the female genital tract. Most recurrent cases of uterine cervical cancer are diagnosed within two years after primary treatment, and late recurrence after a disease-free interval of more than five years is rare. In addition, peritoneal metastases usually present as multifocal discrete nodules in the peritoneal cavity with nodular or diffuse peritoneal thickening. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of late recurrent cervical cancer peritoneal metastasis with an unusual manifestation of a large, solitary necrotic mass in the right subphrenic space on contrast-enhanced CT.

Evaluation of the Effect of the Arrhythmia Correction for the Image Quality in the Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography (MDCT) Coronary Angiography (Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography (MDCT) Coronary Agniography에서 Arrhythmia Correction이 영상의 질에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun-Soo;Kim, Keung-Sik;Kim, Tae-Hoon;Yoo, Beong-Gyu
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 2004
  • MDCT is a useful, non-invasive, diagnostic tool in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. However, the image quality is affected by an irregular heart rhythm of the patients. Especially, premature ventricular contraction induced stair-step artifacts in the reconstruction of 2-D or 3-D images of the heart including coronary arteries. In recent, we experienced some improving of the image quality after correcting the PVC. Accordingly, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the arrhythmia correction method, which was commercially available software, in improving the quality of the reconstruction images of the heart. Image analysis was performed, in consensus, by two radiologists. The scores for image quality were ranked as follows; excellent is 4 (image quality is markedly improved and is helpful in the image evaluation), good is 3 (image quality is mildly improved, but is somewhat helpful in the image evaluation), fair is 2 (image quality is improved and is not helpful in the image evaluation), and poor is 1 (image quality is not improved). We used ANOVA method to evaluate the statistical significant differences in the image qualities among the correction methods of the arrhythmia with below 0.05 of p-value. The method of moving the R-R interval showed statistically significant differences in improving of the image quality in patients with arrhythmia. We concluded that the regulation of R-R interval in patients with arrhythmia was an effective method to improve the image quality in the reconstructions of the MDCT coronary angiograms.

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