• ETRI Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 2009

In this paper, a terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) multichannel audio broadcasting system based on spatial audio coding is presented. The proposed system provides realistic multichannel audio service via T-DMB with a small increase of data rate as well as backward compatibility with the conventional stereo-based T-DMB player. To reduce the data rate for additional multichannel audio signals, we compress the multichannel audio signals using the sound source location cue coding algorithm, which is an efficient parametric multichannel audio compression technique. For compatibility, we use the dependent property of an elementary stream descriptor, and this property should be ignored in a conventional T-DMB player. To verify the feasibility of the proposed system, we implement the T-DMB multichannel audio encoder and a prototype player. We perform a compatibility test using the T-DMB multichannel audio encoder and conventional T-DMB players. The test demonstrates that the proposed system is compatible with a conventional T-DMB player and that it can provide a promisingly rich audio service.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2012.01a
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• pp.105-108
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• 2012

Wireless mesh networks are considered a promising solution to last mile broadband. The unique characteristics of WMN impose unique requirements on designing routing protocols and metrics for WMN. However, existing routing schemes that are designed for single-channel multi-hop wireless networks may lead to inefficient routing paths in multichannel. This paper focuses on the routing problem for multi-radio multichannel WMNs. We list the challenges in designing routing algorithms for multi-radio multichannel WMNs. Then we examine the requirements and considerations for designing routing metrics according to the characteristics of multi-radio multichannel WMNs. Finally we survey and investigate the existing routing metrics in terms of their ability to satisfy these requirements.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.684-702
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• 2011

This paper proposes a TDMA-based multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocol for QoS provisioning in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that enables nodes to transmit their packets in distributed channels. The IEEE 802.11 standard supports multichannel operation at the physical (PHY) layer but its MAC protocol is designed only for a single channel. The single channel MAC protocol does not work well in multichannel environment because of the multichannel hidden terminal problem. Our proposed protocol enables nodes to utilize multiple channels by switching channels dynamically, thus increasing network throughput. Although each node of this protocol is equipped with only a single transceiver but it solves the multichannel hidden terminal problem using temporal synchronization. The proposed energy efficient multichannel MAC (EM-MAC) protocol takes the advantage of both multiple channels and TDMA, and achieves aggressive power savings by allowing nodes that are not involved in communications to go into power saving "sleep mode". We consider the problem of providing QoS guarantee to nodes as well as to maintain the most efficient use of scarce bandwidth resources. Our scheme improves network throughput and lifetime significantly, especially when the network is highly congested. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme successfully exploits multiple channels and significantly improves network performance by providing QoS guarantee in MANETs.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 2014

The purposes of this study are to provide comprehensive reviews on multichannel consumer behaviors published in peer-reviewed academic journals from 2005 to 2014, to develop a conceptual framework that demonstrates multichannel determinants such as psychographics, demographics, social influences, and situational factors on consumers' search and purchase behavior based on customers' profits or costs judgment, and to provide possible direction for future research in multichannel consumer behavior. Three steps were taken in the process of analyzing consumers' channel determinants presented in the 37 studies, and 12 most frequently used factors that appear in the studies were extracted. These factors include convenience, service, trust/risk, saving money, product knowledge, experience, efficacy/usefulness, involvement, shopping environment/situation factors, demographics, product types, and social influence. With 12 determinants of multichannel consumers' search and purchase behavior, a conceptual framework was proposed based on expectancy theory. The directions for future research were also discussed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.42-56
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• 2013

Nowadays the advantages of multichannel retailing strategy in fashion business have been widely discussed, but empirical research on fashion retail has been limited. The purpose of this research is to provide some ideas on multichannel retailing strategy to fashion retailers through the case of UNIQLO. The online survey was conducted on each 100 female customers in their 20s, 30s, 40s living in seoul among UNIQLO customers. The survey was consisted of measurement items for UNIQLO's online store image and offline store image, customer satisfaction, purchase intention, and demographic attributes. The online survey was found that 30.3% of UNIQLO's multichannel customers bought a product from offline store using online shopping mall as a search channel, on the other hand, 20.7% of UNIQLO's multichannel customers bought a product from online store using offline store as a search channel. Factors of the online shopping mall image were consisted of shopping convenience, product information, price policy, trust. And factors of the offline store image were consisted of trust and store, product information, service. Some factors of online store and offline store image had impact on multichannel customer satisfaction. And, customer satisfaction also had impact on purchase intention of UNIQLO product. Some suggestion for the future of multichannel research in fashion retailing was given.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.919-931
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• 2015

Recently, with the rapid development of the Internet, the importance of the multi-channel retailing strategy including online channel has been emphasized in fashion business. The purpose of this research is to give some practical ideas of multichannel strategy for fashion retailers through comparison for multichannel choice behaviors between Korean and US consumers. The online survey was conducted on the 400 fashion customers aged between 20s and 50s living in Korea and America. The survey consisted of measurement items about channel choice behaviors for purchase or information search, risk perception on channel, repurchase intention at same channel, perception on experience or search goods among apparel items. The data were analyzed by frequency, regression, t-test using SPSS 18.0 program. The ratio of utilization multichannel was higher in fashion goods area in Korea fashion business. Also, most of Top-ranked fashion or accessory retailers in America were taking advantage of multichannel strategy. There were some differences between Korea and US consumers in channel choice behaviors for purchase or information search, risk perception for retail channel, repurchase intention at same channel, perception on experience or search goods among apparel items, etc. Some suggestion for the future research for multichannel strategy in fashion retailing was given.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.801-815
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• 2011

This study examines the characteristics of marketing and customer that influence the selection of multichannel (preference/frequency of use) in the fashion retail. The subjects of this study are men and women live in Seoul/Gyeonggi province and Busan/Gyeongsangnam-do in their 20s-40s who have shopping experiences in fashion items of more than 2 shopping channels among offline stores, catalogs, and the internet. The survey period was from March to May 2010 and 411 forms were used in this survey. The data were analyzed by a reliability analysis (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$), a factor analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. First, marketing characteristics, which effect the selection of multichannel (preference/frequency of use), consist of sales promotion, service, price, merchandise, and distribution. Those have a significant influence (***p${\leq}$.001) on choosing multichannel of fashion retail. Price has a significant impact on the preference of multichannel and merchandise affect for frequency of use in multichannel shopping. Second, customer characteristics have a significant influence (***p${\leq}$.001) on the monthly average purchasing amount, shopping hours, shopping frequency, brand knowledge, and price sensitivity. Particularly, monthly average purchasing amount & shopping frequency have meaningful differences in the frequency of using multichannel; in addition, shopping hours were affected by preference & frequency of use. Price sensitivity has a greater influence on the frequency of using multichannel and brand knowledge has a greater effect on multichannel preference. Customer's information searching characteristics have main 3 factors through the use of marketing information, personal information and experience information. Application of experience information is the main factor in preference and frequency of using multichannel shopping. The customer demographic characteristics of age (*p${\leq}$.05, **p${\leq}$.01) and gender (*p${\leq}$.05) show a difference for selecting multichannel. There is no difference for marital status, average household income per month, and job.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.21-60
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• 2010

In recent retail environments, multichannel customer management increasingly has been considered a key element of successful CRM. Although customer's multichannel usage is believed to be potential cause of customer loyalty, the theoretical explanation about this causal relationship still remains unexamined and unanswered. In this paper, the authors present a systematic framework to test the postulated "multichannel usage-shopping experience-customer satisfaction" chain. To this end, we examine that the two core components of shopping experience(convenience and enjoyment) is a mediator of the direct causality of multichannel usage(based on both information search and product purchase stage) on customer satisfaction. Moreover, the authors examine that two types of customer-firm relationship characteristics(relationship age and purchase frequency) is a moderator of the multichannel usage-shopping experience relationship. Using integrating data with survey and customer database of multichannel retail company, the authors empirically test and substantiate shopping experience's mediating role in the multichannel usage-customer satisfaction relationship and customer-firm relationship characteristics' moderating role in the multichannel usage-customer experience relationship. These results suggest that multichannel retailers should deliver favorable shopping experience for building customer satisfaction and differentiate shopping experience according to customer-firm relationship characteristics.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.90-94
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• 1992

A portable multichannel functional electrical stimulation(FES) system for the fine control of the paralyzed extremities in spinal cord injury patients is described. This system is composed of a stimulation data creating system, a serial communication device, a 16-bit microprocessor, D/A converter of 32 channels and a display device. Stimulation patterns are created from analytical results of integrated EMGs during motion in normal subjects and are stored in the stimulation data creating system as data files. And then the stimulation patterns are sent to the memory in the portable multichannel FES system through serial communication interfacing device. Sophisticated fine control of paralyzed extrimities was realized by transmitting multichannel stimulation patterns to percutaneous intramuscular electrodes, which stimulate the motor function of paralyzed muscle simultaneously. Advantages of this system are as follws: 1) It is possible to modify stimulation patterns in accordance with the patient's situation. 2) This system is small and light.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.317-331
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• 2012

In this paper, we develop a multichannel blind source separation algorithm based on a beamspace transform and the multichannel non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method. The NMF algorithm is a famous algorithm which is used to solve the source separation problems. In this paper, we consider a beamspace-time-frequency domain data model for multichannel NMF method, and enhance the conventional method using a beamspace transform. Our decomposition algorithm is applied to audio source separation, using a dataset from the international Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign 2010 (SiSEC 2010) for evaluation.