• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.397-408
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• 2004

Due to the growing impact of non-point source pollution and limitation of water treatment technology, a new policy of water quality management, called a source protection, is now becoming more important in drinking water supply. The source protection means that the public agency purchases the pollution sensitive area, such as riparian zone, and prohibit locations of point and non-point sources. Many studies have reported that this new policy is more economical in drinking water supply than the conventional one. However, it is very difficult to determine location and size of the pollution sensitive zone in the watershed. In this paper, we presented the scientific criteria for the priority of the pollution sensitive zone, along with a case study of the upstream watershed of the Paldang Reservoir, Han River. This study includes applications of the analytical hierarchy process(AHP) and a watershed-based land prioritization(WLP) model. After major criteria affecting water quality were selected, the AHP and geographic analysis were performed. The WLP model allowed us to include both quantity and quality criteria, using AHP as the multi-criteria method in making decision and reflecting local characteristics and various needs. By adding a travel-time function, which represents the prototype effectively, the results secured adaptability and scientific objectivity as well. As such, the WLP model appeared to provide reasonable criteria in determining the prioritization of land acquisition. If the tested data are used with a validated travel-time and AHP method is applied after further discussion among experts in such field, highly reliable results can be obtained.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

Geographic Information System has extended to higher assessment of water resources. GIS linking with hydrological model becomes a trend in water resource assessment modeling. One of the most popular models is SWAT2000 which have effectiveness in multi-purpose processes for predicting the impact of land management practices on water, sediments and chemicals yields in large complex watershed with varying soils, land uses, and management conditions over long period of time. In this study, SWAT2000 model was applied to Gap stream watershed in Daejeon city where TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) Regulation would be implanted. The Gap Stream watershed was partitioned into 8 subbasins, however, only 3 out of 8 subbaisns were observed for having practical gauged data on the basis of streamflow from the year of 2002 to 2005. Gauged streamflow data of Indong, Boksu and Hoeduck stations were used for calibration and validation of the SWAT Streamflow simulation. Estimation Efficiency Analysis (COE), Regression Analysis ($R^{2}$), Relative Error (R.E.) were used for comparing observed streamflow data of the 3 subbasins on the daily and monthly basis with estimated streamflow data in order to fix optimized parameters for the best fitted results. COE value for the daily and monthly streamflow was ranged from 0.45 to 0.96. $R^{2}$ values for daily and monthly streamflow ranged from 0.51 to 0.97. R.E. values for total streamflow volume ranged from 3 % to 22.5 %. The accuracy of the model results shows that the SWAT2000 model can be applicable to Korean watersheds like the Gap Stream watershed that needs to be partitioned into a number of subbasins for TMDL regulation.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

본 논문의 목적은 섬진다목적댐 유역의 하천을 대상으로 강우시에 단기 수질상태를 예측하기 위하여 병렬다중결선의 계층구조를 갖는 신경망이론을 이용하였다. 본 연구에 적용한 신경망이론의 학습알고리즘으로는 역전파알고리즘을 사용하였으며, 최적모형의 개발을 위해 모멘트법-적응학습율기법을 이용하였다. 하천 수질오염 부하량에 영향을 미치는 요소로서 상류로부터 유입되는 유입량과 수질인자인 BOD, COD, SS를 고려하였다. 섬진다목적댐 유역에 대해 단기 수질을 예측할 수 있는 다층신경망모형을 개발하기 위해 은닉층 노드수와 학습회수에 변화를 주어 각 수질인자별로 4가지씩 총 12개의 모형을 구성하여 학습을 실시하였다. 제안된 신경망모형의 검증을 위해 학습시키지 않은 수질자료를 예측한 결과 양호한 것으로 분석되었고, 하천수계의 단기 수질오염 예측에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 1982

Recently, estuary reserovoirs have been actively constructed in Korea and also in Japan there are a large number of estuary reservoirs constructed. But most of the estuary reservoirs are located at the downstream of a river where geographical condition is best for the construction of an enclosing dam. And an effective utilization of water from the estuary reservoir seems to be difficult even if estuary reservoirs are considered to be the water resources the most available for their watershed. Studies on estuary reservoirs so far have been mainly concentrated on the physical and engineering problems of the dam construction itself. The purpose of the present study is to review the estuary reservoir planning in connection with the water resources development and to study a basis of the planning. First, the levels of water use in Korea and Japan were compared with those of other countries in the world. And then, some representative reservoirs were selected to study the roles of a reservoir and water-using conditions in the watershed. Based on the study, a survey was given on the relation between a dam construction upstream and an estuary reservoir construction downstream of a river. Finally, a comprehensive examination was made of the bases of estuary reservoir planning. (1) The estuary reservoir planning is deeply related to the plan for water use develo- pment in the watershed. After the upstream water resources were fully developed up to the most, water reso- urces development by an estuary reservoir should be started. (2) If an estuary lake has a capacity big enough, it can store flood discharge of the watershed without any loss and become a basic facility that will bring about the maxi- mum use of water from the watershed. (3) Estuary reservoirs store water used in the upstream watershed, so recycling of water use is attained by the reservoir. Water in the estuary lake is difficult to be fresh water in its long run. Therefore, estuary reservoir should be located at a place where polluted water is purified and refused. All the planning should be based on the assumption that water in the estuary lake is not fresh but polluted after a long time. (4) The estuary lake can only supply water to the lower basin directly. But the upstream area is benefited from the estuary lake by exchange of irrigation water sources between the lower and the upper area. So a large-scale exchange plan between new and existing water resources is important. By constructing estuary reservoirs and the exchange of water sources between upper and lower areas, the reasonable maximum use of water from the whole watershed is at- tained. (5) The big problem coming from the water resources development by an enclosing estuary is salt water intrusion into the lake. To maintain the estuary lake salt-free, multi-purpose use of the lake should be avoided. It is necessary to take such fundamental measures as abolition of back flow operation of gate, and the closing of the fish port and the fish ladder. The results mentioned above were found in this study and these results of this study could be used for the adequate planning of estuary reservoirs in connection with the maximum water use of the watershed.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2007

전지구적인 생태시스템 안에서 탄소와 물의 흐름은 아주 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. 생태계 물질순환과정을 모사해 주는 모형들은 연구자들이 직접 측정하기 어려운 복잡한 생태계에서의 물질순환 과정들의 상호작용과 그 변화를 예측할 수 있는 도구이다. 이 연구에서는 생태수문모형 RHESSys(Regional Hydro Ecological Simulation System)를 광릉시험림 유역에서 모수화한 후, 다른 지형 조건과 기후 및 식생을 가진 점봉산 강선리 유역에 적용함으로써 RHESSys모수화의 다유역으로의 확장가능성과 문제점 등을 조사하였다. RHESSys는 Geographic Information System(GIS)를 바탕으로 공간적인 탄소와 물 및 영양분의 흐름을 모사하는 생태수문모형이다. 모수화는 광릉시험림 유역의 1982-1999년간 일유량과 나이테 자료로 추정한 임목생장량을 사용하였다. 수직 및 수평 방향의 수리전도도에 관련된 중요 모수들과 임목 생장과 관련된 분배 모수들을 Monte-Carlo 접근법을 사용하여 최적화하였다. 모형결과를 광릉연구지의 실측 토양수분과 비교해 본 결과 RHESSys는 토양수분을 다소 과소평가하는 경향이 있으나, 일변화를 유의하게 잘 모사하였으며, 임목생장량의 연변화를 잘 모사하였다. 광릉연구지에서 개발한 모수를 점봉산 강선리 유역에 적용한 결과, 광릉과 마찬가지로 RHESSys는 토양수분을 다소 과소평가하나 여름철의 중요한 시계열 경향을 유의하게 잘 모사하였다. 또한 실측 공극률의 사용이 모형의 토양수분예측력에 중요함을 확인하였다. 반면에 강선리 유역의 임목생장량에 대해선 모형의 예측력이 높지 않았다. 수문과정 모수에 비해 식생성장 및 분배관련 모수의 경우 단일 유역의 모수화를 타 유역으로 확장하는 데에 상당한 불확실성이 있음을 확인하였다. 각 유역의 임목생장 및 분배 특성을 반영하는 독립적인 모수화 과정이 필요하며 이를 뒷받침해 줄 최소한의 현장측정항목을 발굴하는 후속연구가 필요하다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2009

The estimation of delivery ratio is a essential part of Korean Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) procedure which needs a number of observed stream flow and pollutants data. If observed data were not sufficient, researchers have to find other alternatives. One of them is to make indirect data by using watershed models, such as Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) and so on. In this study, indirect daily data was made by using SWAT model. To build the Byongseong-SWAT model accurately, crop cultures are reflected by handling the MGT.file in SWAT model. Especially, mass of manure and schedule of crop culture are inputted through investigating domestic research papers as well as fieldwork. After calibrating SWAT model in comparison with the 22-years flow and pollutants observed outlet data, the delivery ratio of Byongseong watershed is calculated by using daily simulated data during 2004-2007. Empirical equations for delivery ratio through multi-regression analysis are developed by using meteorological and physical factors such as flow, watershed area, stream length, catchment slope, curve number (CN) and subbasin's pollutant discharge loads.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.969-983
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 도시화로 인해 왜곡된 물순환을 치수, 이수, 수질관리 등의 측면에서 건전화시키기 위해 지속가능한 유역통합관리 계획을 수립하기 위한 10단계의 절차와 적용방법을 개발하여 제시하였으며 이 중 Step 2에 해당하는 문제점 도출 및 우선순위 결정 단계를 수행하였다. 유역의 잠재적인 위험도를 나타내는 홍수피해잠재능(PFD), 건천잠재능(PSD), 수질오염잠재능(PWQD), 유역평가지수(WEI)를 산정하기 위해 다기준 의사결정기법과 지속가능성평가지수 개념을 사용하였다. 사용된 다기준 의사결정 기법들은 복합계획법, 타협계획법, Regime, ELECTRE II, EVAMIX 방법이며 자료의 가용성과 목적(예비타당성, 타당성)에 따라 다르게 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.1142-1146
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to the test applicability of SLURP on Soyanggang-dam watershed. The area of this watershed is $2,694km^2$ and mean elevation and slope is 650 m and $23^{\circ}$ respectively. Topographical parameters were derived from DEM using TOPAZ and SLURPAZ. NDVI was calculated from multi-temporal NOAA/AVHRR images. The daily meteorological data and hydrograph during $1999\~2001$ were selected for model calibration and performance tests. Weather elements (dew-point temperature, solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity) were required from the S meteorological stations near the study area. The model parameters of each land cover class were optimized by sensitivity analysis and SCE-UA method. Runoff rate shows $49.33\%\~64.06\%$. Simulated results during 4 years were estimated by Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and WMO volume error. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency shows $0.61\~0.75$ and WMO volume error shows $6.1\%-18.8\%$.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.587-596
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• 2011

The interest in hydrological modeling has increased significantly recently due to the necessity of watershed management, specifically in regards to lumped models, which are being prosperously utilized because of their relatively uncomplicated algorithms which require less simulation time. However, lumped models require empirical coefficients for hydrological analyses, which do not take into consideration the heterogeneity of site-specific characteristics. To overcome such obstacles, a distributed model was offered as an alternative and the number of researches related to watershed management and distributed models has been steadily increasing in the recent years. Thus, in this study, the feasibility of a grid-based rainfall-runoff model was reviewed using the flood runoff process in the Han River basin, including the ChungjuDam, HoengseongDam and SoyangDam watersheds. Hydrological parameters based on GIS/RS were extracted from basic GIS data such as DEM, land cover, soil map and rainfall depth. The accuracy of the runoff analysis for the model application was evaluated using EFF, NRMSE and QER. The calculation results showed that there was a good agreement with the observed data. Besides the ungauged spatial characteristics in the SoyangDam watershed, EFF showed a good result of 0.859.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 다중위성 강수자료의 수문학적 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP), Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Morphing technique(CMORPH) 등 전 지구 규모의 고해상도 다중위성 강수자료와 분포형 수문모형을 이용하여 유출모의를 수행하였다. 충주댐 유역에 대하여 2002년 1월 1일부터 2009년 12월 31일까지의 기간에 대하여 Coupled Routing and Excess Storage (CREST) 모형을 적용하였다. 분석기간은 준비기간(2002-2003년, 2006-2007년), 보정기간(2004-2005년), 그리고 검증기간(2008-2009년)으로 구분하여 모의를 수행하였다. 각 다중위성 강수자료를 지상관측자료와 비교결과, 강수의 계절적 변동특성은 잘 반영하고 있으나 연강수량합계 및 월평균강수량에서 TMPA는 과대추정을, GSMaP과 CMORPH는 과소추정하는 경향을 보여주었다. 또한 유출분석결과, TMPA를 제외한 GSMaP과 CMORPH의 충주댐 유역에 대한 수문학적 적용성이 매우 낮은 것을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 다중위성 강수자료의 활용에 앞서 통계적 보정이나 강수알고리즘에 대한 개선이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.