• 자원환경지질
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.207-215
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• 1993

In modem petroleum reservoir engineering, the characterization of reservoir heterogeneities is very important to accurately understand and predict reservoir production performance. Formation evaluation for the description of reservoir is generally conducted by performing the analysis of well logging, core testing, and well testing. However, the measured data points by well logging or core testing are in general very sparse and hence reservoir properties should be interpolated and extrapolated from measured points to uncharacterized areas. In assigning the data for the unknown points, simple averaging technique is not feasible as optimum estimation method since this method does not account the spatial relationship between the data points. The main goal of this work is to develop PC-version of multi-purpose geostatistical model in which several stages are systematically proceeded. In the development of model, the simulator employs a automatic selection of semivariogram function such as exponential or spherical model with the best values of $R^2$. The simulator also implements a special algorithm for the fitting of semivariogram function to experimental sernivariogram. The special algorithm such as trial and error scheme is devised since this method is much more reliable and stable than Gauss-Newton method. The simulator has been tested under stringent conditions and found to be stable. Finally, the validity and the applicability of the developed model have been studied against some existing actual field data.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2018

Purpose: We have implemented a multi-disciplinary Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) protocol to prevent individuals who sustained alcohol-related traumatic injuries. We therefore conducted this single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial (RCT) to assess its efficacy. Methods: All the enrolled patients (n=30) were randomized to either the SBIRT group or the control group. In the current RCT, the proportion of the patients who reduced the amount of alcohol consumption and those who received a specialized treatment served as primary outcome measures. Moreover, changes in a 3-item version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT-C), Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6) scores at 3 months from baseline served as secondary outcome measures. Results: At 3 months, the proportion of the patients who reduced the amount of alcohol consumption was significantly higher in the SBIRT group as compared with the control group (86.7% vs. 57.1%, p=0.02). Moreover, the proportion of the patients who received a specialized treatment was also significantly higher as compared with the control group (26.7% vs. 1.4%, p=0.01). Furthermore, there were significant differences in changes in the AUDIT, SDS and K-6 scores at 3 months from baseline between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, our results indicate that the SBIRT is effective in reducing hazardous and harmful levels of drinking, the degree of alcohol dependence and that of psychological distress in at-risk drinkers.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.153-153
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• 2022

Large-scale and accurate observations at fine spatial resolution through a means of remote sensing offer an effective tool for capturing rainfall variability over the traditional rain gauges and weather radars. Although satellite rainfall products (SRPs) derived using two major estimation approaches were evaluated worldwide, their practical applications suffered from limitations. In particular, the traditional top-down SRPs (e.g., IMERG), which are based on direct estimation of rain rate from microwave satellite observations, are mainly restricted with their coarse spatial resolution, while applications of the bottom-up approach, which allows backward estimation of rainfall from soil moisture signals, to novel high spatial resolution soil moisture satellite sensors over South Korea are not introduced. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the performances of a state-of-the-art bottom-up SRP (the self-calibrated SM2RAIN model) applied to the C-band SAR Sentinel-1, a statistically downscaled version of the conventional top-down IMERG SRP, and their integration for a targeted high spatial resolution of 0.01° (~ 1-km) over central South Korea, where the differences in climate zones (coastal region vs. mainland region) and vegetation covers (croplands vs. mixed forests) are highlighted. The results indicated that each single SRP can provide plus points in distinct climatic and vegetated conditions, while their drawbacks have existed. Superior performance was obtained by merging these individual SRPs, providing preliminary results on a complementary high spatial resolution SRP over central South Korea. This study results shed light on the further development of integration framework and a complementary high spatial resolution rainfall product from multi-satellite sensors as well as multi-observing systems (integrated gauge-radar-satellite) extending for entire South Korea, toward the demands for urban hydrology and microscale agriculture.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2024

Background and purpose: The anti-aging standard forest healing program (ASFHP), which uses forest therapy, was reported to be effective in improving psychological, physical, and cognitive functions. However, there are several challenges to directly visiting the forest. This study aimed to investigate the impact of multi-session ASFHP with forest visit on the mental and physical health of the older people with visits to forest facilities and compared them with those of the same program conducted indoors. Methods: Individuals aged over 70 years with concerns about cognitive decline were recruited at dementia relief centers and divided into control and experimental groups. A total of 33 people were administered ASFHP under the supervision of a forest therapy instructor. The control group stayed indoors, while the experimental group visited a forest healing center and repeated the program 20 weeks. Results: The multiple-session ASFHP positively affected cognitive impairment screening test (CIST) total scores (p=0.002), memory (p=0.014), Korean version of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status total scores (p<0.001), immediate recall (p=0.001), visuospatial/construction (p<0.001), language (p<0.001), forest healing standard questionnaire total scores (p=0.002), and cognitive function (p=0.019), regardless of location. The forest visits during the ASFHP showed positive effects on orientation (p=0.035), delayed recall (p=0.042), emotional stability (p=0.032), physical activity (p=0.005), and health (p=0.022). The CIST scores of the memory domain were the strongest indicator of the multiple-session ASFHP effects. Conclusions: The 20-week multi-session ASFHP with forest visit showed effects on cognitive improvement and physical and emotional stability compared to indoor education.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2005

현재 개발된 4 kbit/s이하의 저 전송율 음성부호화 시스템은 STC(Sinusoidal Transform Coding)나 MBE (Multi-band Excitation Coding)에 바탕을 두고 있다. 이러한 저 전송율 부호화기들은 대표적인 전이구간 신호인 유성음의 시작점과 끝점에서의 혼합신호(onset signal, offset signal), 비주기적인 신호(non-period signal) 등은 정확히 표현하지 못하기 때문에 자연스런 음질을 만들어 내지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 유성음에는 하모닉 모델, 무성음에서는 스토케스틱 모델, 전이구간에는 하모닉 기반의 비주기적인 펄스의 위치를 추적하는 방식을 사용하여 효과적으로 전이구간을 모델링 하는 방법과 2.4 kbit/s 다중모드 부호화방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 원본신호에서 선형예측 부호화 방법으로 추출된 잔여신호를 신호의 성격에 따라 모델을 달리하는 방법이며, 자각의 신호의 성격에 따라 좋은 성능을 나타내는 모델을 사용하였다. 또한 효율적인 전이구간 모델링 방법의 도입으로 저 전송율에서 CELP(Code Excitation Linear Predictive) 부호화 방식에 의해 시간축에서 합성되는 여기신호와 선형위상을 이용한 하모닉 부호화 방식에 의해 주파수축에서 합성되는 여기신호를 효율적으로 결합이 가능하다는 것이 제안된 2.4 kbit/s 다중모드 부호화기의 장점이다. 제안된 방법의 2.4kbit/s 다중모드 부호화기는 미국 연방 표준부호화기인 2.4 kbit/s MELP(Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction) 부호화기보다 더 좋은 성능을 나타낸다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제32권
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• pp.61-71
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• 2020

목 적: 대동맥 주위 림프절(PAN)을 포함한 전골반암의 다중치료 중심점(multi-isocenter) 용적 변조 회전 방사선 치료 계획 시 콜리메이터 각도의 변화가 치료 계획의 질, 접합부에서의 선량 재현성, 그리고 접합부의 환자 자세 오차에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: PAN을 포함한 전골반암 환자 10명을 대상으로 하였다. Eclipse(version 13.7) 치료계획 시스템에서 HD MLC가 장착된 Truebeam STx를 사용하여, 기본으로 설정된 콜리메이터 각도인 10° 외에 20°, 30°, 45°로 변화시키고, 그 외 모든 치료 계획 조건은 동일하게 설정하여 치료 계획을 수립하였다. 수립된 치료 계획은 계획표적용적의 coverage와 조사범위지표(CVI), 균질성 지표(HI)를 평가하였고, 정상조직은 각 부위별로 임상에서 사용하고 있는 지표로 비교하였다. 접합부의 선량 재현성 평가를 위해 파머형 전리함을 삽입한 고체물 팬텀을 이용하여 절대 선량을 측정하였다. 환자 자세 오차에 따른 영향을 알아보기 위해 치료계획 시스템에서 각도별로 등중심점의 위치를 종축방향(in, out)으로 1~3mm 임의로 이동하고 접합부에 가상의 체적을 설정하여 선량 변화를 평가하였다. 결 과: CVI 평균값은 45°에서 PTV-45 0.985±0.004, PTV-55 0.998±0.003, HI 평균값은 45°에서 PTV-45 1.140±0.074, PTV-55 1.031±0.074로 1에 가장 가까운 값을 보였다. 결정 장기는 10°와 비교하여 45°에서 콩팥의 V20Gy이 9.66%, 방광의 평균선량과 V30이 1.88%, 2.16% 감소하였다. 치료 계획과 실측정한 접합부의 선량값의 차이는 0.3% 이내로 모두 허용오차범위 내에 들어왔다. 환자 자세 오차로 인한 접합부에서 선량변화량은 in 3mm 이동시 최대 선량이 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°에서 14.56%, 9.88%, 8.03%, 7.05%로 증가하였으며, out 3mm 이동시 최소 선량은 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°에서 13.18%, 10.91%, 8.42%, 4.53%로 감소하였다. 결 론: PTV의 CVI, HI 및 결정 장기 보호 면에서 콜리메이터 각도가 증가할수록 전반적으로 개선된 수치를 보였다. 접합부의 환자 자세 오차 영향은 각도가 커질수록 그 차이가 줄어들어 환자 자세 오차에 대한 불안함을 어느 정도 개선하는데 도움이 될 것이라 생각한다. 결론적으로 콜리메이터 각도는 다중치료 중심점 VMAT 치료 계획의 질 및 접합부 선량에 영향을 줄 수 있는 인자임을 인지하고 치료계획 시 콜리메이터 각도 설정에 신중을 기해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2009

이 논문은 고차원의 데이터를 저 차원으로 줄이는 방법 중 하나인 특징추출에 대한 방법들의 특성을 비교한다. 비교대상 방법은 전통적인 PCA(Principal Component Analysis)방법과 시각피질의 특성을 보인다고 알려진 ICA(Independent Component Analysis), 국소기반인식을 구현한 NMF(Non-negative Matrix Factorization), 그리고 이의 성능을 개선한 sNMF(Sparse NMF)로 정하였다. 추출된 특징들의 특성을 시각적으로 확인하기 위하여 필기체 숫자 영상을 대상으로 특징추출을 수행하였으며, 인식기에 적용한 효과의 확인을 위하여 추출된 특징을 다층퍼셉트론에 학습시켜보았다. 각 방법의 특성을 비교한 결과는 응용하고자 하는 문제에서 어떤 특징을 추출하기 원하느냐에 따라 특징추출 방법을 선정할 때 유용할 것이다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.428-435
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• 2011

In general, thickness of the sublayers under track is designed based on concept of vertical soil reaction value or vertical stiffness. However, this design method cannot take consideration into soil-track interaction under repetitive load, traffic condition and velocity of the train. Furthermore, the reinforced roadbed soils experience complex behavior that cannot be explained by conventional stress-strain relation expressed as soil reaction value k. The reinforced roadbed soils also can produce cumulative permanent deformation under repetitive load caused by train. Therefore new design method for the sublayers under track must be developed that can consider both elastic modulus and permanent deformation. In this study, a new design concept, a rule-of-thumb, is proposed as the form of design monograph that is developed using elastic multi-layer and finite element programs by analyzing stress and deformation in the sublayers with changing the thickness and elastic modulus of the sublayers and also using data obtained from repetitive triaxial test. This new design concept can be applied to design of the reinforced roadbed before developing full version of design methodology that can consider MGT, axial load and the material properties of the layers. The new design monograph allows the user to design the thickness of the reinforced roadbed based on permanent deformation, elastic modulus and MGT.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a fuzzy combined Polynomial Neural Network(PNN) for pattern classification. The fuzzy combined PNN comes from the generic TSK fuzzy model with several linear polynomial as the consequent part and is the expanded version of the fuzzy model. The proposed pattern classifier has the polynomial neural networks as the consequent part, instead of the general linear polynomial. PNNs are implemented by stacking the simple polynomials dynamically. To implement one layer of PNNs, the various types of simple polynomials are used so that PNNs have flexibility and versatility. Although the structural complexity of the implemented PNNs is high, the PNNs become a high order-multi input polynomial finally. To estimate the coefficients of a polynomial neuron, The weighted linear discriminant analysis. The output of fuzzy rule system with PNNs as the consequent part is the linear combination of the output of several PNNs. To evaluate the classification ability of the proposed pattern classifier, we make some experiments with several machine learning data sets.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.583-588
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• 2015

Flexible tactile sensors can provide valuable feedback to intelligent robots regarding the environment around them. This is especially important when robots such as, service robots share a workspace with humans. This paper presents a contact force measurement algorithm of a flexible tactile sensor. This sensor is manufactured by a direct-writing technique, which is one 3D printing method, using multi-walled carbon nano-tubes. An analog signal processing circuit has been designed and implemented to reduce noise contained in the sensor output. In addition, a digital version of the Butterworth filter was implemented by software running on a microcontroller. Through various experiments, characteristics of the sensor system have been identified. Based on three traits, an algorithm to detect the contact and measure the contact force has been developed. The entire system showed a promising prospect to detect the contact over a large and curved area.