• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

In field, one can observe without difficulties that two flocks are intersected or combined with each other. For example, a fish flock in a stream separates into two part by obstacles (e.g. stone) and rejoins behind the obstacles. The dynamics of two flocks guided by their leader were studied in the situation where the flocks cross each other with a crossing angle, ${\theta}$, between their moving directions. Each leader is unaffected by its flock members whereas each member is influenced by its leader and other members. To understand the dynamics, I investigated the order parameter, ${\phi}$, defined by the absolute value of the average unit velocity of the flocks' members. When the two flocks were encountered, the first peak in ${\phi}$ was appeared due to the breaking of the flocks' momentum balance. When the flocks began to separate, the second peak in ${\phi}$ was observed. Subsequently, erratic peaks were emerged by some individuals that were delayed to rejoin their flock. The amplitude of the two peaks, $d_1$ (first) and $d_2$ (second), were measured. Interestingly, they exhibited a synchronized behavior for different ${\theta}$. This simulation model can be a useful tool to explore animal behavior and to develop multi-agent robot systems.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.84
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• pp.217-242
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• 2012

This essay aims to explore the importance of ethics education in Korean multicultural society. In 2011, it is reported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology that the final goal of Korean multicultural ethics education is to establish the foundations of National identity and of moral values in general. It might be a ideological tool, however, that can suppress the minority in Korea. In that sense, an orientation of ethics education in Korean multicultural society is basically to consider all moral agents in ethics. To give any solution, therefore, an attention will be paid to the notions of emotion and the likeness of moral fibre. Most important is that we have certain emotions which are in society beyond individual feelings. It is the only ethical subject and existence who we can have them. In that point, having them enables us to make any decision on the ground of moral values. By the quality of the likeness of moral fibre, furthermore, we can recognize and exercise moral values together without any difference in multicultural society. This makes sense of an identity as a Korean. Therefore, having emotions is helpful in taking the moral foundations of Korean multicultural society and the self-recognition of a Korean in the sense of the likeness of moral fibre give an ethical direction to us, the Korean multicultural society of ethical culture in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.123-132
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• 2023

Git's commit messages manage the history of source changes during project progress or operation. By utilizing this historical data, project risks and project status can be identified, thereby reducing costs and improving time efficiency. A lot of research related to this is in progress, and among these research areas, there is research that classifies commit messages as a type of software maintenance. Among published studies, the maximum classification accuracy is reported to be 95%. In this paper, we began research with the purpose of utilizing solutions using the commit classification model, and conducted research to remove the limitation that the model with the highest accuracy among existing studies can only be applied to programs written in the JAVA language. To this end, we designed and implemented an additional step to standardize source change data into natural language using GPT. This text explains the process of extracting commit messages and source change data from Git, standardizing the source change data with GPT, and the learning process using the DistilBERT model. As a result of verification, an accuracy of 91% was measured. The proposed model was implemented and verified to ensure accuracy and to be able to classify without being dependent on a specific program. In the future, we plan to study a classification model using Bard and a management tool model helpful to the project using the proposed classification model.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2024

This study focused on user trust in ChatGPT, a generative AI technology, and explored the factors that affect usage status and intention to continue using, and whether the influence of trust varies depending on the purpose. For this purpose, the survey was conducted targeting people in their 20s and 30s who use ChatGPT the most. The statistical analysis deploying IBM SPSS 27 and SmartPLS 4.0. A structural equation model was formulated on the foundation of Bhattacherjee's Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM), employing path analysis and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) for hypothesis validation. The main findings are as follows: Firstly, ChatGPT is mainly used for specific needs or objectives rather than as a daily tool. The majority of users are cognizant of its hallucination effects; however, this did not hinder its use. Secondly, the hypothesis testing indicated that independent variables such as expectation- confirmation, perceived usefulness, and user satisfaction all exert a positive influence on the dependent variable, the intention for continuance intention. Thirdly, the influence of trust varied depending on the user's purpose in utilizing ChatGPT. trust was significant when ChatGPT is used for information retrieval but not for creative purposes. This study will be used to solve reliability problems in the process of introducing generative AI in society and companies in the future and to establish policies and derive improvement measures for successful employment.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.176-178
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• 1997

To make a long story short I made up my mind to experiment with a multimedia approach to my classroom presentations two years ago because my ways of giving instructions bored the pants off me as well as my students. My favorite ways used to be sometimes referred to as classical or traditional ones, heavily dependent on the three elements: teacher's mouth, books, and chalk. Some call it the 'MBC method'. To top it off, I tried audio-visuals such as tape recorders, cassette players, VTR, pictures, and you name it, that could help improve my teaching method. And yet I have been unhappy about the results by a trial and error approach. I was determined to look for a better way that would ensure my satisfaction in the first place. What really turned me on was a multimedia CD ROM title, ELLIS (English Language Learning Instructional Systems) developed by Dr. Frank Otto. This is an integrated system of learning English based on advanced computer technology. Inspired by the utility and potential of such a multimedia system for regular classroom or lab instructions, I designed a simple but practical multimedia language learning laboratory in 1994 for the first time in Korea(perhaps for the first time in the world). It was high time that the conventional type of language laboratory(audio-passive) at Hahnnam be replaced because of wear and tear. Prior to this development, in 1991, I put a first CALL(Computer Assisted Language Learning) laboratory equipped with 35 personal computers(286), where students were encouraged to practise English typing, word processing and study English grammar, English vocabulary, and English composition. The first multimedia language learning laboratory was composed of 1) a multimedia personal computer(486DX2 then, now 586), 2) VGA multipliers that enable simultaneous viewing of the screen at control of the instructor, 3) an amplifIer, 4) loud speakers, 5)student monitors, 6) student tables to seat three students(a monitor for two students is more realistic, though), 7) student chairs, 8) an instructor table, and 9) cables. It was augmented later with an Internet hookup. The beauty of this type of multimedia language learning laboratory is the economy of furnishing and maintaining it. There is no need of darkening the facilities, which is a must when an LCD/beam projector is preferred in the laboratory. It is headset free, which proved to make students exasperated when worn more than- twenty minutes. In the previous semester I taught three different subjects: Freshman English Lab, English Phonetics, and Listening Comprehension Intermediate. I used CD ROM titles like ELLIS, Master Pronunciation, English Tripple Play Plus, English Arcade, Living Books, Q-Steps, English Discoveries, Compton's Encyclopedia. On the other hand, I managed to put all teaching materials into PowerPoint, where letters, photo, graphic, animation, audio, and video files are orderly stored in terms of slides. It takes time for me to prepare my teaching materials via PowerPoint, but it is a wonderful tool for the sake of presentations. And it is worth trying as long as I can entertain my students in such a way. Once everything is put into the computer, I feel relaxed and a bit excited watching my students enjoy my presentations. It appears to be great fun for students because they have never experienced this type of instruction. This is how I freed myself from having to manipulate a cassette tape player, VTR, and write on the board. The student monitors in front of them seem to help them concentrate on what they see, combined with what they hear. All I have to do is to simply click a mouse to give presentations and explanations, when necessary. I use a remote mouse, which prevents me from sitting at the instructor table. Instead, I can walk around in the room and enjoy freer interactions with students. Using this instrument, I can also have my students participate in the presentation. In particular, I invite my students to manipulate the computer using the remote mouse from the student's seat not from the instructor's seat. Every student appears to be fascinated with my multimedia approach to English teaching because of its unique nature as a new teaching tool as we face the 21st century. They all agree that the multimedia way is an interesting and fascinating way of learning to satisfy their needs. Above all, it helps lighten their drudgery in the classroom. They feel other subjects taught by other teachers should be treated in the same fashion. A multimedia approach to education is impossible without the advent of hi-tech computers, of which multi functions are integrated into a unified system, i.e., a personal computer. If you have computer-phobia, make quick friends with it; the sooner, the better. It can be a wonderful assistant to you. It is the Internet that I pay close attention to in conjunction with the multimedia approach to English education. Via e-mail system, I encourage my students to write to me in English. I encourage them to enjoy chatting with people all over the world. I also encourage them to visit the sites where they offer study courses in English conversation, vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, reading, and writing. I help them search any subject they want to via World Wide Web. Some day in the near future it will be the hub of learning for everybody. It will eventually free students from books, teachers, libraries, classrooms, and boredom. I will keep exploring better ways to give satisfying instructions to my students who deserve my entertainment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

Background : The resurgence of tuberculosis and the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis have emphasized the importance of rapid and accurate diagnostic procedures. Recently, the oligonucleotide chip has proven to be a useful tool in the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to rapidly and accurately detect specific mutations in the rpoB, katG and rpsL genes associated with rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin resistance in M. tuberculosis, respectively, using a single oligonucleotide chip. Method : For detection of drug-resistance, 7 wild-type and 13 mutant-type probes for rifampin, 2 wild-type and 3 mutant-type probes for isoniazid, and 2 wild-type and 2 mutant-type probes for streptomycin were designed and spotted onto glass slides. Fifty-five cultured samples of M. tuberculosis were amplified by PCR, and then underwent hybridization and scanning. Direct sequencing was done to verify the results from the oligonucleotide chip and to analyze the types of mutations. Result : Thirty-five cases out of 40 rifampin-resistant strains(~88%) had mutations in the rpoB gene. One case had a new mutation(D516F, GAC R TTC) and another known mutation together. Twenty cases out of 42 isoniazid-resistant strains(~50%) had mutations in the katG gene, while 7 cases out of 9 streptomycin-resistant strains(~78%) had mutations in the rpsL gene. From these results, the oligonucleotide chip was confirmed to be able to detect the most frequent mutations from the genes associated with rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin resistance. The results proved that the drug-resistance detection probes were specific. When the results from the oligonucleotide chip and DNA sequencing were compared, the types of mutations were exactly matched. Conclusion : The diagnostic oligonucleotide chip with mutation specific probes for drug resistance is a very reliable and useful tool for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of drug resistance against rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin in M. tuberculosis infections.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.2 s.116
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• pp.198-208
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• 2006

This research was to apply a multi-metric approach, so called the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) as a tool for biological evaluations of water environments, to a wadable stream. For the study, we surveyed 5 sampling locations in Kap Stream during August 2004 ${\sim}$ September 2005. We also compared the biological data with long-term water quality data, obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea and physical habitat conditions based on the Quantitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). We used ten metric systems for the IBI model to evaluate biological stream health. Overall IBI values in Kap Stream averaged 24 (range: 20${\sim}$30, n=5), indicating a "fair ${\sim}$ poor" conditions according to the modified criteria of Karr (1981) and US EPA(1993). Exclusive of 4th survey, average IBI values at the upstream reach (S1 ${\sim}$ S3)and downstream reach (S4 ${\sim}$ S5) were 20 and 24, respectively. However, in 4th survey the averages were 21 and 20 in the upstream and downstream reaches, respectively. This difference was larger in the upstream than in the downstream because of physical condition disturbed during summer monsoon. Values of the QHEI varied from 75(fair condition) to 148 (good condition) and values of QHEI in the S3 were significantly (P=0.001, n=5) lower than other sites. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were greater by 3 ${\sim}$ 8 fold in the downstream than in the upstream reach. We believe that present IBI approach applied in this study may be used as a key tool to set up specific goals for restoration of Kap Stream.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.82-96
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• 2019

This study evaluated the status of watershed health in Geum River Basin by SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrology and water quality. The watershed healthiness from watershed hydrology and stream water quality was calculated using multivariate normal distribution from 0(poor) to 1(good). Before evaluation of watershed healthiness, the SWAT calibration for 11 years(2005~2015) of streamflow(Q) at 5 locations with 0.50~0.77 average Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency and suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen(T-N), and total phosphorus(T-P) at 3 locations with 0.67~0.94, 0.59~0.79, and 0.61~0.79 determination coefficient($R^2$) respectively. For 24 years (1985~2008) the spatiotemporal change of watershed healthiness was analyzed with calibarted SWAT and 5 land use data of 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2008. The 2008 SWAT results showed that the surface runoff increased by 40.6%, soil moisture and baseflow decreased by 6.8% and 3.0% respectively compared to 1985 reference year. The stream water quality of SS, T-N, and T-P increased by 29.2%, 9.3%, and 16.7% respectively by land development and agricultural activity. Based on the 1985 year land use condition. the 2008 watershed healthiness of hydrology and stream water quality decreased from 1 to 0.94 and 0.69 respectively. The results of this study be able to detect changes in watershed environment due to human activity compared to past natural conditions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1081-1095
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• 2020

This study is to evaluate stream flow and water quality changes of Yeongsan river basin (3,371.4 km2) by inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) from Juam dam of Seomjin river basin using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The SWAT was established using inlet function for IBWT between donor and receiving basins. The SWAT was calibrated and validated with 14 years (2005 ~ 2018) data of 1 stream (MR) and 2 multi-functional weir (SCW, JSW) water level gauging stations, and 3 water quality stations (GJ2, NJ, and HP) including data of IBWT and effluent from wastewater treatment plants of Yeongsan river basin. For streamflow and weir inflows (MR, SCW, and JSW), the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) were 0.69 ~ 0.81, 0.61 ~ 0.70, 1.34 ~ 2.60 mm/day, and -8.3% ~ +7.6% respectively. In case of water quality, the R2 of SS, T-N, and T-P were 0.69 ~ 0.81, 0.61 ~ 0.70, and 0.54 ~ 0.63 respectively. The Yeongsan river basin average streamflow was 12.0 m3/sec and the average SS, T-N, and T-P were 110.5 mg/L, 4.4 mg/L, 0.18 mg/L respectively. Under the 130% scenario of IBWT amount, the streamflow, SS increased to 12.94 m3/sec (+7.8%), 111.26 mg/L (+0.7%) and the T-N, T-P decreased to 4.17 mg/L (-5.2%), 0.165 mg/L (-8.3%) respectively. Under the 70% scenario of IBWT amount, the streamflow, SS decreased to 11.07 m3/sec (-7.8%), 109.74 mg/L (-0.7%) and the T-N, T-P increased to 4.68 mg/L (+6.4%), 0.199 mg/L (+10.6%) respectively.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.53-64
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• 2005

The emergence of new communication media, digital, is something of a wonder, as well as a cultural tension. The industrial technologies that dramatically expand human abilities are being developed much faster than the speed of adaptation by humans. Without an exception, it creates new contents and form of the culture by shaking the very foundation of the notion about human beings. Korean broadcasting environment has stepped into the era of multi-media, multi-channel as the digital technology separated the media into network, cable, satellite and internet. In this digital culture, broadcasting, as a medium of information delivering and communication, has bigger influence than ever. Such changes in broadcasting environment turned the TV viewers into new consumers who participate and play the main role in active communication by choosing and using the media. This study is trying to systemize the question about the core identity of broadcasting through brand as the consumers stand in the center of broadcasting with the power to select channel. The story schema theory can be applied as a cognitive psychological tool to approach the active consumers in order to explain the cognitive processes that are related to information processing. It is a design with stories, which comes up as a case of a brand's story telling. The range of this study covers the current issue and educational programs in network TV during the period of May and August of year 2005. The cases of Korean and foreign programs were compared by the station each program is broadcasted. This study concludes that it is important to take the channel identity into the consideration in the brand strategy of each program. Especially, the leading programs of a station must not be treated as a separate program that has nothing to do with the station's identity. They must be treated to include the contents and form that builds the identity of the channel. Also, this study reconfirmed that building a brand of the anchor person can play as an important factor in the identity of the program's brand.