• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

The present study was conducted to develop a Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale for Malaysian female adolescents. Data were collected among 328 female adolescents from a secondary school in Kuantan district, state of Pahang, Malaysia by using a self-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The self-administered questionnaire comprised multiple measures of body image, Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26; Gamer & Garfinkel, 1979) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Inventory (Rosenberg, 1965). The 152 items from selected multiple measures of body image were examined through factor analysis and for internal consistency. Correlations between Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale and body mass index (BMI), risk of eating disorders and self-esteem were assessed for construct validity. A seven factor model of a 62-item Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale for Malaysian female adolescents with construct validity and good internal consistency was developed. The scale encompasses 1) preoccupation with thinness and dieting behavior, 2) appearance and body satisfaction, 3) body importance, 4) muscle increasing behavior, 5) extreme dieting behavior, 6) appearance importance, and 7) perception of size and shape dimensions. Besides, a multidimensional body image composite score was proposed to screen negative body image risk in female adolescents. The result found body image was correlated with BMI, risk of eating disorders and self-esteem in female adolescents. In short, the present study supports a multi-dimensional concept for body image and provides a new insight into its multi-dimensionality in Malaysian female adolescents with preliminary validity and reliability of the scale. The Multi-dimensional Body Image Scale can be used to identify female adolescents who are potentially at risk of developing body image disturbance through future intervention programs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.99-117
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• 2015

The Stonecutters Bridge (SCB) in Hong Kong is the third-longest cable-stayed bridge in the world with a main span stretching 1,018 m between two 298 m high single-leg tapering composite towers. A Wind and Structural Health Monitoring System (WASHMS) is being implemented on SCB by the Highways Department of The Hong Kong SAR Government, and the SCB-WASHMS is composed of more than 1,300 sensors in 15 types. In order to establish a linkage between structural health monitoring and maintenance management, a Structural Health Rating System (SHRS) with relevant rating tools and indices is devised. On the basis of a 3D space frame finite element model (FEM) of SCB and model updating, this paper presents the development of an SHR-oriented 3D multi-scale FEM for the purpose of load-resistance analysis and damage evaluation in structural element level, including modeling, refinement and validation of the multi-scale FEM. The refined 3D structural segments at deck and towers are established in critical segment positions corresponding to maximum cable forces. The components in the critical segment region are modeled as a full 3D FEM and fitted into the 3D space frame FEM. The boundary conditions between beam and shell elements are performed conforming to equivalent stiffness, effective mass and compatibility of deformation. The 3D multi-scale FEM is verified by the in-situ measured dynamic characteristics and static response. A good agreement between the FEM and measurement results indicates that the 3D multi-scale FEM is precise and efficient for WASHMS and SHRS of SCB. In addition, stress distribution and concentration of the critical segments in the 3D multi-scale FEM under temperature loads, static wind loads and equivalent seismic loads are investigated. Stress concentration elements under equivalent seismic loads exist in the anchor zone in steel/concrete beam and the anchor plate edge in steel anchor box of the towers.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2005

In this study, the numerical simulation of drying processes for porous materials is performed by employing the hierarchical multi-scale modeling and the nano-scale material properties obtained from the molecular dynamics simulation. The multi-scale simulation system is set up using pre- and post-processors and the drying process of electric porous ceramic insulator is simulated. The temperature, moisture, residual stress, and displacement distributions are compared with those based on homogenized properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.264-265
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• 2006

The directions of further developments in the modeling of sintering are pointed out, including multi-scale modeling of sintering, on-line sintering damage criteria, particle agglomeration, sintering with phase transformations. A true multi-scale approach is applied for the development of a new meso-macro methodology for modeling of sintering. The developed macroscopic level computational framework envelopes the mesoscopic simulators. No closed forms of constitutive relationships are assumed for the parameters of the material. The model framework is able to predict the final dimensions of the sintered specimen on a global scale and identify the granular structure in any localized area for prediction of the material properties.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2023

The published studies usually used analytical method, numerical methods or experimental method to determine the stress-strain state and displacement of the single-layer or multi-layer curved shell types, but with a small scale model. However, a full scale multi-layer doubly curved concrete shell roof model should be researched. This paper presents the results of the experiment and simulation analysis involving stress-strain state, sliding between layers, the formation and development of the full scale double-layer doubly curved concrete shell roof when this shell begins to crack. The results of the this study have constructed the load-sliding strain relationship; strain diagram; stress diagram in the shell layers; the N_x, N_y membrane force diagram and deflection of shell. Thisresults by experimental method on a full scale model of concrete have clarified the working of multi-layer doubly curved concrete shell roof. The experimental and simulation results are compared with each other and compared with the Sap2000 software.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.490-496
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a single item scale by comparing a single item scale of health related quality of life to subscopes of the multi-item scales in the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Method: The data from 103 patients with heart failure were analyzed. The statistics program SPSS 12.0 used for descriptive statistics. Results: Significant correlations were found between the single item scale and subscopes of SF-36, for physical functioning (r= .42), role physical (r= .22), general health perception (r= .46), vitality (r= .40), social functioning (r= .20) and mental health (r= .51), but not for body pain (r= .12) and role emotional (r= .06). Physical (r= -.41), emotional (r= -.49) and total scores (r= -.49) of MLHFQ were significantly related to the single item scale. Conclusion: The single item scale of health related quality of life showed low to moderate correlation with multi-item scales. Even though the single item scale was correlated with several subscopes of multi-item scales, the correlation was not high, so we have to use caution when using the single item scale instead of multi-item scales.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose the method to eliminate repetitive processes for key-point detection on multi-scale image space. The proposed method detects key-points from the original image, and select a good key-points using the cluster filters, and create the key-point clusters. And it select reference objects by using direction angles of the key-point clusters, predict the scale of the original image by using the distributed distance ratio. It transform the scale of the reference image, and apply the detection of key-points to the transformed reference image. In the results of the experiment, the proposed method can be found to improve the key-points detection time by 75 % and 71 % compared to SIFT method and scaled ORB method using the multi-scale images.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.49-53
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• 2005

This paper presents a multi-scale hybrid simulation for the design of a catalytic multi-tubular reactor with high performance. The multi-tubular reactor consists of shell and a large number of tubes in which various catalytic chemical reactions occur. To consider fluid dynamics in the shell-side and kinetics in the tube-side at the same time, commercial CFD package and process simulation tool are coupled. This hybrid approach allowed us to predict many kinds of meaningful results such as tube center temperature profile, heat transfer coefficients on the tube wall, temperature rise of cooling medium, pressure drop through shell and tube side, concentration profile of each chemical species along the tube, and so on., and to achieve the optimal reactor design.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.620-635
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• 2010

In this paper we describe current activities on the project Multi-Scale Modeling and Analysis of convective boiling (MSMA), conducted jointly by the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the Swiss Nuclear Utilities (Swissnuclear). The long-term aim of the MSMA project is to formulate improved closure laws for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for prediction of convective boiling and eventually of the Critical Heat Flux (CHF). As boiling is controlled by the competition of numerous phenomena at various length and time scales, a multi-scale approach is employed to tackle the problem at different scales. In the MSMA project, the scales on which we focus range from the CFD scale (macro-scale), bubble size scale (meso-scale), liquid micro-layer and triple interline scale (micro-scale), and molecular scale (nano-scale). The current focus of the project is on micro- and meso-scales modeling. The numerical framework comprises a highly efficient, parallel DNS solver, the PSI-BOIL code. The code has incorporated an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) to tackle complex geometries. For simulation of meso-scales (bubbles), we use the Constrained Interpolation Profile method: Conservative Semi-Lagrangian $2^{nd}$ order (CIP-CSL2). The phase change is described either by applying conventional jump conditions at the interface, or by using the Phase Field (PF) approach. In this work, we present selected results for flows in complex geometry using the IBM, selected bubbly flow simulations using the CIP-CSL2 method and results for phase change using the PF approach. In the subsequent stage of the project, the importance of effects of nano-scale processes on the global boiling heat transfer will be evaluated. To validate the models, more experimental information will be needed in the future, so it is expected that the MSMA project will become the seed for a long-term, combined theoretical and experimental program.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1477-1491
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• 2017

Inspired by the multi-scale nature of hippocampal place cells, a biologically inspired model based on a multi-scale spatial representation for goal-directed navigation is proposed in order to achieve robotic spatial cognition and autonomous navigation. First, a map of the place cells is constructed in different scales, which is used for encoding the spatial environment. Then, the firing rate of the place cells in each layer is calculated by the Gaussian function as the input of the Q-learning process. The robot decides on its next direction for movement through several candidate actions according to the rules of action selection. After several training trials, the robot can accumulate experiential knowledge and thus learn an appropriate navigation policy to find its goal. The results in simulation show that, in contrast to the other two methods(G-Q, S-Q), the multi-scale model presented in this paper is not only in line with the multi-scale nature of place cells, but also has a faster learning potential to find the optimized path to the goal. Additionally, this method also has a good ability to complete the goal-directed navigation task in large space and in the environments with obstacles.