• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.1379-1385
• /
• 2018

In the conventional multi-user superposition transmission, the power allocation coefficients of data symbols and the received signal processing of users are determined by the condition of instantaneous channel powers. However, the use of instantaneous channel powers can increase the system complexity. Hence, we consider fixed multi-user superposition transmission using average channel powers. The fixed multi-user superposition transmission can reduce the system complexity because it uses the condition of average channel powers that slowly change over time in order to decide the power allocation coefficients and the received signal processing. In this paper, we analyze the average symbol error rate for the fixed multi-user superposition transmission. In particular, an expression for the average symbol error rate of M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation is derived assuming Rayleigh fading channels. In addition, through the numerical results, we show that the conventional and fixed multi-user superposition transmissions achieve the similar average symbol error rate performances at the user in the severe channel condition.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.984-991
• /
• 2006

The applications of multi air-conditioners into multiplex and high-rise buildings have been increased by replacing central air-conditioning systems. The pipe length and altitude difference between the indoor and outdoor units can be increased based on installation conditions, which may increase the possibility of flash gas generation at the expansion device inlet. The flash gas generation causes rapid reduction of refrigerant flow rate passing through the expansion device, yielding lower system efficiency. Accumulator heat exchangers have been widely used in multi air-conditioners in order to minimize flash gas generation and obtain system reliability. However, the studies on the heat transfer characteristics and pressure drops of accumulator heat exchangers are very limited in open literature. In this study, the heat transfer rates and pressure drops of accumulator heat exchangers were measured with refrigerant flow rate and operating conditions by using R-22. The heat transfer rate increased with the increase of refrigerant flow rate, while subcooling decreased. The heat transfer rate enhanced with the reduction of inlet superheat and subcooling due to the increased temperature difference between the accumulator and inner heat exchanger.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.201-201
• /
• 2010

The evaporative desalination system with solar energy would be the efficient and attractive method to get fresh water. This study was described the development of Multi Effect Distillation(MED) with solar energy desalination system. The system was designed and manufactured Multi effect distillation on the capacity of $3m^3$/day. The experimental apparatus consists mainly of ejector pump, Hot water pump, flow meter, demister, cooler, evaporator and condenser. Evaporator and condenser were made Shell&Tube Heat Exchanger type with corrugated tube. The experimental variables were chosen $75^{\circ}C$ for hot water inlet temperature, 40, 60 and $80{\ell}$/min for hot water inlet volume flow rate, 6.0 and $8.0{\ell}$/min for evaporator feed seawater flow rate, $18^{\circ}C$ for sea water inlet temperature to cover the average sea water temperature and the salinity of sea water is measured about 33,000 PPM (parts per million). for a year in Korea. This study was analyzed the results of thermal performance of Multi Effect Distillation. The results are as follows, The experimental Multi effect distillation is required about 40 kW heat source for production of $3m^3$/day fresh water. Various operating flow rate was confirm in the experiments to get the optimum design data and the results showed that the optimum total flow was $8.0{\ell}$/min. Comparison of Single Effect Distillation with Multi Effect Distillation showed MED is at least more than double of SED.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.201-209
• /
• 2000

In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance of Multicode DS/CDMA-BPSK communication system is investigated in the presence of multi user interference and Nakagami fading channel environments. The DS/CDMA-BPSK communication system adopts multicode technique to enhance the data transmission rate. Using the calculated BER performance, BER figures of Multicode DS/CDMA-BPSK communication system are shown to discuss the effect of the number of multi user interference, Nakagami fading index, and data transmission rate. From the results, the transmission rate of DS/CDMA-BPSK signal improve by adopting Multicode technique. And we know that the major parameter of BER performance degradation in Multicode DS/CDMA system is the effect of multi user interference than the fading depth.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.604-608
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we study the characteristics of heat transfer for an insulated multi-core tube using glass wool as an insulator for the multi-core tube. By performing experiments and modeling, we examine the variations in the temperature characteristics of hydraulic oil inside the multi-core tube with atmosphere temperature, inlet temperature, and the flow rate of hydraulic oil for the insulated multi-core tube that we developed. When the minimum inlet flow rate of hydraulic oil employed within the scope of the research is 0.29 l/min, the temperature difference obtained in the experiments and numerical analysis was a maximum of $3^{\circ}C$. For a constant atmospheric temperature, as the inlet temperature of the hydraulic oil increases, the outlet temperature of the hydraulic oil will also increase, regardless of its inlet flow rate. Further, when the inlet flow rate of the hydraulic oil is more than 1.01 l/min, the effect of the atmospheric temperature on the temperature drop of the hydraulic oil is low.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.47-50
• /
• 2000

We have constructed a multi-channel SQUID magnetometer system. The system is designed to operate normally with 10 high temperature direct coupled SQUIDs. The main features of the system include a remote control by serial communication, low noise with wide bandwidth and high slew rate by several MHz modulation, signal conditioning and calibration by digital signal processing.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2013

UKF (Unscented Kalman Filter) has been used in the nonlinear systems without initial accurate state estimates instead of EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) of the last decade because the UKF has robustness to the large initial estimation error. In the multirate integrated system such as INS (Inertial Navigation System)/GPS (Global Positioning System) integrated navigation system, however, it is difficult to implement the UKF based navigation algorithm in the mid-grade micro-processor due to the large computational burden. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a MUKF (Modified UKF) that has a reduced computation burden using the basic idea that the change of the provability distribution for the state variables between measurement updates is small in the multi-rate INS/GPS integrated navigation filter. The performance of the proposed MUKF is verified by numerical simulations.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2011

This paper presents driving path estimation algorithm for adaptive cruise control system and advanced emergency braking system using multi-sensor fusion. Through data collection, yaw rate filtering based road curvature and vision sensor road curvature characteristics are analyzed. Yaw rate filtering based road curvature and vision sensor road curvature are fused into the one curvature by weighting factor which are considering characteristics of each curvature data. The proposed driving path estimation algorithm has been investigated via simulation performed on a vehicle package Carsim and Matlab/Simulink. It has been shown via simulation that the proposed driving path estimation algorithm improves primary target detection rate.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.08a
• /
• pp.41-45
• /
• 2007

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system can increase data rate, capacity and bit error rate (BER) performance compare to traditional single antenna system. However MIMO technique is pointed out the problem that has high complexity to design receiver. So a recent trend of research on the MIMO system pays more attention to simplified implementation of receiver structure. In this paper, we propose differential space time block code (STBC) for MIMO system with cyclic delay diversity (CDD). This structure can provide a very close performance to that of the conventional diversity scheme with maximum likelihood (ML) detection without channel estimation block while the receiver structure is highly simplified. Bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system is simulated for an AWGN channel by theoretical and simulated approaches. The results of this paper can be applicable to the 4G mobile multimedia communication systems.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.407-410
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 탑승객의 안전과 국내 환경에 적합한 제동거리 확보를 위해 새로운 개념의 스프링을 사용한 제동장치를 설계하고자 한다. 새로운 제동장치에 사용되는 스프링은 변위에 따라 감쇠 성능 특성을변화시키는 Multi-Rate 변위 감응형 스프링을 최적화하여 적용하였다. 이를 위한 최적화 기법으로는 비선형 최적화 기법인 순차적 2차계획법(Sequential Quadratic Programming, SQP)을 사용하였으며 먼저 Ziprider의 운동을 제동거리와 제동시 발생하는 회전각의 관계로 표현 가능한 수치모델을 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 수치모델은 Matlab을 이용하여 코드화하고 그 결과를 RecurDyn과 비교 분석하였다.