• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2012

The relative composition of $Cu(InGa)Se_2$ solar cells is one of the most important measurement issues. However, quantitative analysis of multi-component alloy films is difficult by surface analysis methods due to severe matrix effect. In this study, quantitative depth profiling analysis of CIGS films was investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The compositions were measured by SIMS using the alloy reference relative sensitivity factors derived from the certified compositions and the total counting numbers of each element. The compositions measured by SIMS were linearly proportional to those by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using isotope dilution method. In this study, the quantification measured by ICP-MS method is compared with the composition calculated by SIMS depth profiles with AR-RSFs obtained from the reference. The SIMS depth profile of CIGS thin films according to the manufacturing condition was converted into compositional depth profile.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.2670-2689
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• 2022

STREAM - a lattice transport calculation code with method of characteristics for the purpose of light water reactor analysis - has been developed by the Computational Reactor Physics and Experiment laboratory (CORE) of the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST). Recently, efforts have been taken to develop a photon module in STREAM to assess photon heating and the influence of gamma photon transport on power distributions, as only neutron transport was considered in previous STREAM versions. A multi-group photon library is produced for STREAM based on the ENDF/B-VII.1 library with the use of the library-processing code NJOY. The developed photon solver for the computation of 2D and 3D distributions of photon flux and energy deposition is based on the method of characteristics like the neutron solver. The photon library and photon module produced and implemented for STREAM are verified on VERA pin and assembly problems by comparison with the Monte Carlo code MCS - also developed at UNIST. A short analysis of the impact of photon transport during depletion and thermal hydraulics feedback is presented for a 2D core also from the VERA benchmark.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.6
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• pp.765-780
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• 2023

In this work, a novel combined logarithmic, secant and tangential 2D and quasi-3D refined higher order shear deformation theory is proposed to examine the buckling analysis of simply supported uniform functionally graded plates under uniaxial and biaxial loading. The proposed formulations contain a reduced number of variables compared to others similar solutions. The combined function employed in this study ensures automatically the zero-transverse shear stresses at the free surfaces of the structure. Various models of the material distributions are considered (linear, quadratic, cubic inverse quadratic and power-law). The differentials stability equations are derived via virtual work principle with including the stretching effect. The Navier's approach is applied to solve the governing equations which satisfying the boundary conditions. Several comparative and parametric studies are performed to illustrates the validity and efficacity of the proposed model and the various factors influencing the critical buckling load of thick FG plate.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1064-1071
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• 2015

In this paper, the electrical characteristics of interdigital capacitor with single-layer and multi-layer graphene were compared and analyzed in the microwave region. In equivalent circuit, a capacitor coupled with graphene showed the clear difference in electrical components such as resistance, inductance, and capacitance. In particular, for the capacitor with single-layer graphene, additional inductance and resistance occurred and the electrode resistance was also increased. Meanwhile, the self-resonance frequency of capacitor was shifted toward lower frequency region and its transmitted characteristic was considerably improved at frequency ranging from 0.4 to 4 GHz. The electrical characteristics of the capacitor with multi-layer graphene were somewhat different than the bare capacitor. In conclusion, we could confirm that single-layer graphene greatly influenced the electrical characteristics and performances of interdigital capacitor compared to multi-layer graphene.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.136-143
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• 2018

Recently, with the rapid development of virtual reality technology, there have been more and more applications of virtual reality technology in various fields. In order to realize a virtual reality, a method of implementing a visualization environment through an HMD (Head Mounted Display) is widely used. However, in the current visualization environment through the HMD, the user feels dizziness when worn, It has the disadvantage of imposing restrictions on. In this study, it is aimed to realize virtual reality visualization environment through multi-screen environment which improves the experience effect of virtual environment by using existing screen instead of visualization through HMD, and compensates for shortcomings of HMD method. In order to realize a multi-screen environment as a highly visualized environment, a technique for matching the spatial position of the multi-screen with the spatial position of the virtual environment is required. To do this, we need an efficient method to precisely measure the position of the space, and we propose a spatial position compensation methodology that can efficiently and precisely measure the position of the real space and reflect it in the virtual environment.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.256-262
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• 2008

To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.677-686
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• 2018

Aimed at serious casing damage problem during the process of oilfield development by injecting water, based on seepage mechanics, fluid mechanics and the theory of rock mechanics, the multi-physics coupling theory was also taken into account, the mathematical model for production of petroleum with water flooding was established, and the method to solve the coupling model was presented by combination of Abaqus and Eclipse software. The Q9G3 block in Jibei oilfield was taken for instance, the well log data and geological survey data were employed to build the numerical model of Q9G3 block, the method established above was applied to simulate the evolution of seepage and stress. The production data was imported into the model to conduct the history match work of the model, and the fitting accuracy of the model was quite good. The main mechanism of casing damage of the block was analyzed, and some wells with probable casing damage problem were pointed out, the displacement of the well wall matched very well with testing data of the filed. Finally, according to the simulation results, some useful measures for preventing casing damage in Jibei oilfield was proposed.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.52.2-52.2
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• 2011

We searched and studied galaxy overdensities at 0.6 < z < 4.5 in the areas of two GOODS fields. These overdensities are identified by running top-hat filters on the two dimensional spatial distribution of two galaxy samples - a K-band limited, photometric redshift sample at 0.6 < z < 4.5, and BVz-color selected sample targeting overdensities at z ~ 3.7 and z ~ 4.0. Here photometric redshifts are derived from multi-wavelength data ranging from U-band through 8 micron band of the Spitzer. We find 52 overdensities with significances of 3.5-7 ${\sigma}$. The derived masses found to be a > $10^{13}\;M_{\odot}$ with the comoving number density of a few ${\times}10^{-6}\;Mpc^{-3}$ at z ~ 3. In order to understand the high number density of massive overdensities at high redshift, we carried out an analysis of galaxy overdensities using the mock galaxy catalog based on Millennium simulation selected in the same way as the analysis of the observational data. In the simulation, we find 650 galaxy overdensities with a 3.5 ${\sigma}$ detection threshold over $2^{{\circ}2}$ sky field. The number density of the very massive overdensities (M > $10^{14}\;M_{\odot}$) in simulation shows a similar trend with the observation. We further discuss implications of our results.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.188-192
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• 2013

Many studies have been conducted for preventing from diffusion between silicon wafer and metallic thin film due to a decrease of line-width and multi-layer thin film for miniaturization and high integration of semiconductor. This paper has focused on the nano-mechanical property of diffusion barrier which sample is prepared for various gas flow rate of nitrogen with tungsten (W) base from 2.5 to 10 sccm. The deposition rate, resistivity and crystallographic properties were measured by a ${\beta}$-ray back-scattering spectroscopy, 4-point probe and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. We also has investigated the nano-mechanical property using the nano-indenter. As a result, the surface hardness of W-N thin film was increased rapidly from 10.07 to 15.55 GPa when the nitrogen gas flow was increased from 2.5 to 5 sccm. And the surface hardness of W-N thin film had 12.65 and 12.77 GPa at the nitrogen gas flow of 7.5 and 10 sccm respectively. These results were decreased by the comparison with the W-N thin film at nitrogen gas flow of 5 sccm. It was inferred that these severe changes were caused by the stoichiometric difference between the crystalline and amorphous state in W-N thin film. In addition, these results were caused by increased compressive stress.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2018

The purpose of the present study is to develop an analysis model to analyze the design parameter sensitivity of a high-power drifter suitable for implementation in Korean hydraulic drills. This study aims to establish a basis for the optimization of the impact performance and stability of a high-power drifter by investigating the effects of each design parameter on the impact performance via design parameter sensitivity analysis. To begin, an analysis model of drifter dynamics is developed, and the reliability of the analysis model is verified by comparing the analysis results to the experimental results. The drifter is then redesigned for compatibility with Korean hydraulic drills. Finally, design parameter sensitivity analysis of the redesigned drifter is conducted to determine the effects of the design parameters on the impact performance, and to extract the high-sensitivity parameters. SimulationX, which is multi-physics analysis software, is used to develop the analysis model, and EasyDesign is employed for design parameter sensitivity analysis.