• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.6
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• pp.765-780
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• 2023

In this work, a novel combined logarithmic, secant and tangential 2D and quasi-3D refined higher order shear deformation theory is proposed to examine the buckling analysis of simply supported uniform functionally graded plates under uniaxial and biaxial loading. The proposed formulations contain a reduced number of variables compared to others similar solutions. The combined function employed in this study ensures automatically the zero-transverse shear stresses at the free surfaces of the structure. Various models of the material distributions are considered (linear, quadratic, cubic inverse quadratic and power-law). The differentials stability equations are derived via virtual work principle with including the stretching effect. The Navier's approach is applied to solve the governing equations which satisfying the boundary conditions. Several comparative and parametric studies are performed to illustrates the validity and efficacity of the proposed model and the various factors influencing the critical buckling load of thick FG plate.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2024

To evaluate the possibility as a multi-level memory medium for the Ge₂Sb₂Te₅/TiN/W-doped Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ cell structure, the crystallization rate and stabilization characteristics according to voltage (V)- and current (I)- pulse sweeping were investigated. In the cell structures prepared by a magnetron sputtering system on a p-type Si (100) substrate, the Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ and W-doped Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ thin films were separated by a barrier metal, TiN, and the individual thicknesses were varied, but the total thickness was fixed at 200 nm. All cell structures exhibited relatively stable multi-level states of high-middle-low resistance (HR-MR-LR), which guarantee the reliability of the multilevel phase-change random access memory (PRAM). The amorphousto-multilevel crystallization rate was evaluated from a graph of resistance (R) vs. pulse duration (T) obtained by the nanoscaled pulse sweeping at a fixed applied voltage (12 V). For all structures, the phase-change rates of HR→MR and MR→LR were estimated to be approximately t<20 ns and t<40 ns, respectively, and the states were relatively stable. We believe that the doublestack structure of an appropriate Ge-Sb-Te film separated by barrier metal (TiN) can be optimized for high-speed and stable multilevel PRAM.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.54-63
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• 2022

This paper is a study on the friction damper, which is one of the seismic reinforcement devices for structures. This study developed a damper by replacing the internal friction material with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), a type of composite material. In addition, this study applied a multi-friction method in which the internal structure where frictional force is generated is laminated in several layers. To verify the performance of the developed multi-friction damper, this study performed a characteristic analysis test for the basic physical properties, wear characteristics, and disc springs of the material. As a result of the wear test, the mass reduction rate of UHMWPE was 0.003%, which showed the best performance among the friction materials based on composite materials. Regarding the disc spring, this study secured the design basic data from the finite element analysis and experimental test results. Moreover, to confirm the quality stability of the developed multi-friction damper, this study performed an seismic load test on the damping device and the friction force change according to the torque value. The quality performance test result showed a linear frictional force change according to the torque value adjustment. As a result of the seismic load test, the allowable error of the friction damper was less than 15%, which is the standard required by the design standards, so it satisfies the requirements for seismic reinforcement devices.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2016

During earthquake, reinforced concrete walls show complicated post-yield behavior varying with shear span-to-depth ratio, re-bar detail, and loading condition. In the present study, a macro-model for the nonlinear analysis of multi-story wall structures was developed. To conveniently describe the coupled flexure-compression and shear responses, a reinforced concrete wall was idealized with longitudinal and diagonal uniaxial elements. Simplified cyclic material models were used to describe the cyclic behavior of concrete and re-bars. For verification, the proposed method was applied to various existing test specimens of isolated and coupled walls. The results showed that the predictions agreed well with the test results including the load-carrying capacity, deformation capacity, and failure mode. Further the proposed model was applied to an existing wall structure tested on a shaking table. Three-dimensional nonlinear time history analyses using the proposed model were performed for the test specimen. The time history responses of the proposed method agreed with the test results including the lateral displacements and base shear.

• Ceramist
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2020

Recently, 4D printing technology has received considerable attention in various industries and research fields including soft robotics, tissue engineering, electronics. In 4D printing process, 3D printed object transforms itself into programmed structure by the input of external energy. Thus, this process requires not only smart materials, capable of changing their properties or features in response to external stimuli such as electricity, temperature, light, etc., but also smart structures, multi-material 3D printing, simulation and so on. In this review, the concept, technical elements and potential of 4d printing are presented.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2000

In order to investigate the dependence of a content in lead lanthanum titanate (PLT) films and heat treatment, sol-gel process has been used. Four types of PLT thin films with the chemical formula, Pb$\_$1-x/ La$\_$x/Ti$\_$1-x/4/O$_3$(X=18, 21, 24 and 28 mole %) have been fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO$_2$/Si multi-layers and ITO/glass substrates, The post-annealing temperature in the range of 400~700 $\^{C}$ is applied for the formation of perovskite structure in PLT films. The structureal, electrical and optical properties of PLT film with the addition of La content are estimated. The films orientation and surface structure of films are studied by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM(scanning electron microscopy). The P-E hysteresis loop become narrower with increasing La content. The average transmittance of the films is about 80%.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.128-134
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• 2002

Outer surfaces of KSR-III are insulated to protect outer structure and inner payloads from the aerodynamic heating. The characteristics of insulation material (BMS 10-102), selected through careful tests and thermal analyses, are low heat transfer rate and low density. It is applied in a wet and continuous spray pattern for outer surfaces of KSR-III. In the present study, the honeycomb sandwich structure of nose fairing, which is one of the typical multi-layer structures of KSR-III, is thermally analyzed with insulation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.96-99
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• 2001

In this paper, we present the simulation results of the multi-layer VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator), which is composed of the resonator, the oscillator and the buffer circuit. using EM simulator and nonlinear RF circuit simulator. EM simulator is used for obtaining the EM(Electromagnetic) characteristics of the conductor pattern as well as designing the multi-layer VCO. Obtained EM characteristics were used as real components in nonlinear RF circuit simulation. Finally the overall VCO was simulated using the nonlinear RF circuit simulator. The material for the circuit pattern was Ag and the dielectric was DuPont 951AT, which will be applied for LTCC process. The structure is constructed with 4 conducting layer. Simulated results showed that the output level was about 4.5[dBm], the phase noise was -104[dBc/Hz] at 30[kHz] offset frequency, the harmonics -8dBc, and the control voltage sensitivity of 30[MHz/V] with a DC current consumption of 9.5[mA]. The size of VCO is $6{\times}9{\times}2mm$(0.11[cc]).

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.621-625
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• 2005

This paper presents a new hybrid serial-parallel robot(HSPR), which has six degrees of freedom driven by ball screw linear actuators and motored joints. This hybrid robot design presents a compromise between high rigidity of fully parallel manipulators and extended workspace of serial manipulators. The hybrid robot has a large, singularity-free workspace and high stiffness. Therefore, the presented kinematic structure of the hybrid robot is particularly suitable for multi-tasking machining processes such as milling, drilling, deburring and grinding. In addition to the machining processes, the hybrid robot can be used for welding, fixturing, material handling and so on. The study on design of the hybrid robot is performed. A kinematic analysis and mechanism description of the hybrid robot with six-controlled degree of freedom is presented. In the virtual design works by DADS, workspace and force analysis are discussed. A numerical model is treated to demonstrate our analysis and to determine the range of permissible extension of the struts. Also, we determine some important design parameters for the hybrid robot.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.577-585
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• 2015

We fabricated multi-scale such as macro-, micro-, and multi-scale wrinkles by using repetitive volume dividing (RVD) method and thermal curing process. Also wrinkle surface was modified with coating of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). We measured the contact angle of each wrinkled surface, and observed the behavior of droplets on sloping surface. Through experimental study, we found out that the contact angle was much higher in case of multi-scale and SAM coated wrinkles. And micro-scale wrinkle showed a high contact angle comparing with that of macro-scale wrinkle. Dynamic behaviors of a water droplet like sliding velocity on diverse wrinkled surfaces were dependent on their static contact angles. These results showed that hydro-dynamic characteristics were changed depending on the wrinkle structure and the material forming the wrinkle. These dynamic characteristics can be utilized in bio-chip, microfluidics, and many others in order to control easily chemical reactivity.