• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.560-569
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 개방형 OS인 안드로이드에서 힌디어 텍스트 처리방법을 제안한다. 텍스트 처리의 핵심은 알파벳을 문자로 조합하는 규칙을 정의하는 오토마타와 폰트 파일에서 문자에 대응하는 이미지를 검색하고 이를 화면에 표시하는 폰트 렌더링이다. 오토마타는 입력 문자의 종류와 개수에 좌우되는데 유니코드를 기반으로 자음 14자와 모음 34자를 알파벳으로 사용하는 오토마타를 제안한다. 조합된 음절은 테이블 매핑 방식을 사용하여 그립 인덱스로 변환하고 해당하는 폰트를 로드하기 위한 핸들로 사용한다. 프리 타입 폰트엔진의 다국어 지원 프레임워크에 따라 제안방법을 별도의 모듈로 추가함으로서 시스템 수준에서 힌디어를 지원할 수 있다. 메시지 어플리케이션을 통해 제안방법의 타당성을 보인다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2012

Objective : Pedicle-based dynamic stabilization systems, in which semi-rigid rods or cords are used to restrict or control spinal segmental motion, aim to reduce or eliminate the drawbacks associated with rigid fusion. In this study, we analyzed the two-year clinical outcomes of patients treated with the NFlex (Synthes Spine, Inc.), a pedicle-based dynamic stabilization system. Methods : Five sites participated in a retrospective study of 72 consecutive patients who underwent NFlex stabilization. Of these 72 patients, 65 were available for 2-year follow-up. Patients were included based on the presence of degenerative disc disease (29 patients), degenerative spondylolisthesis (16 patients), lumbar stenosis (9 patients), adjacent segment degeneration (6 patients), and degenerative lumbar scoliosis (5 patients). The clinical outcome measures at each assessment were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure back pain, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to measure functional status. Radiographic assessments included evidence of instrumentation failure or screw loosening. Results : Sixty-five patients (26 men and 39 women) with a mean age of 54.5 years were included. Mean follow-up was 25.6 months. The mean VAS score improved from 8.1 preoperatively to 3.8 postoperatively, representing a 53% improvement, and the ODI score from 44.5 to 21.8, representing a 51% improvement. Improvements in pain and disability scores were statistically significant. Three implant-related complications were observed. Conclusion : Posterior pedicle-based dynamic stabilization using the NFlex system seems effective in improving pain and functional scores, with sustained clinical improvement after two years. With appropriate patient selection, it may be considered an effective alternative to rigid fusion.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.31-54
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• 2012

This study examines whether employees' legitimacy perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). It also investigates whether CEO's visionary leadership can moderate this causal relationship. CSR legitimacy is defined in the current study as employees' personal beliefs about the appropriateness of corporate CSR activities. In fact, employees evaluate the appropriateness of CSR activity based on its consistency with corporate philosophy (e.g. corporate mission, vision, and values) which functions as employees' referencial belief structure. If CSR activity is perceived as one of firm's effort to fulfill its mission, vision, and values, which means that espoused theory and theory-in-use of CSR activity are congruent, employees will consider firm's CSR activity as legitimate. If, however, employees think that CSR activity is not congruent with firm's mission, vision, and values, which means that espoused theory and theory-in-use of CSR activity are inconsistent, they will perceive that CSR activity of their firm is not legitimate. In the current study, we propose that employees who perceive that the CSR activity of their firm is legitimate are more likely to engage in OCB. In addition, we hypothesize that CEO's visionary leadership can strengthen the positive effect of employees' perception of CSR legitimacy on their OCB. We tested these hypotheses with the sample of 383 employees from 32 companies listed on DJSI (Dow Jones Sustainability Index) Korea 2009. We employed the HLM (hierarchical linear modeling) program to decompose the multi-level random effects. We found that CSR legitimacy perceptions of employees increase employees' OCB and that CEO's visionary leadership moderates this relationship. We discussed implications of these findings in more detail.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1499-1507
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• 2009

나날이 방대해지는 디지털 콘텐츠들의 홍수 속에서 원하는 정보를 찾아내는 데 필요한 정밀한 색인 기술의 필요성은 날로 증대되어 가고 있다. 이러한 요구 수용을 위해서는 지능형 개체가 정보의 검색 주체가 되어야 하며, 지능형 개체간의 상호 운용성이 뒷받침되어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 Snoek, Worring들이 제안한 다중 형상 색인을 위한 통합 기반구조를 분석하고 콘텐츠 기반의 자동화된 색인 기법에서 색인정보의 신뢰성을 높이기 위한 방법을 살펴본다. 그리고 이를 통해 시맨틱 웹 기술의 온톨로지 개념을 적용하여 추상화된 색인 정보의 생성과 제어를 지원하고 사람과 기계간, 기계와 기계간의 의미적 상호 운용성이 보장되는 기반 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 온톨로지의 메모리 상주 모델 처리 방식은 방대한 색인 정보를 수용하기에 부적절하기 때문에 온톨로지 저장소의 사용을 필요로 하며, 논리적으로 표현된 지식의 일관성과 추론을 위해 추론엔진의 사용이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 온톨로지 저장소의 기능 및 성능적인 요구사항을 모두 만족시키는 Minerva 온톨로지 저장소를 이용하여 비디오 콘텐츠를 표현한 설계 지식을 저장하고 회수하는 실험을 하였다. 또한 마지막으로는 다른 연구과제들과 연계한 효율적인 색인 가능성에 대해 고찰해 본다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.647-657
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내 12개수계인 한강, 안성천, 금강, 삽교천, 영산강, 섬진강, 탐진강, 만경강, 동진강, 낙동강, 태화강, 형산강 유역에 대한 물이용 취약성 평가를 실시하였다. SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 이용하여 국내 12개 수계의 연유출량을 도출하였고, 각 유역별 면적 및 인구당 유출량을 비교하였다. 취약성 평가를 위해 18개 지표로 구성하였고, 물이용의 수요, 손실 및 공급의 측면으로 구분하였다. 이때의 가중치는 객관적 가중치의 적용을 위해 엔트로피(Entropy)방법을 사용하였고 정량적인 물이용 취약성 평가를 위해 다기준 의사결정기법 중 하나인 TOPSIS(Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) 기법을 적용하였다. 그 결과, 형산강의 물이용이 가장 취약하였고, 삽교천, 동진강, 섬진강, 안성천, 만경강, 낙동강, 탐진강, 영산강, 금강, 태화강, 한강 순이었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 기후변화 취약성 평가를 위한 지표 개발에 이용할 수 있겠다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between awareness of nutrition labeling and menstrual cycle irregularity in women from a nationally representative sample of the Korean population. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using hierarchical multi-variable logistic regression analysis models. A total of 4,324 women aged 19~54 years from the 2010~2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participated in the study. The participants were classified into three groups based on self-report responses to a questionnaire about their awareness of nutrition labels: Reading, Not-Reading, and Not-Knowing Groups. Results: The Reading, Not-Reading, and Not-Knowing Groups comprised 46.4%, 44.9%, and 8.7% of the participants, respectively, and 53.6% of the participants had never used nutrition labels. In the Not-Knowing Group, irregular menstrual cycles for more than 3 months were significantly more common than women with irregular menstrual cycles for up to 3 months and women with regular menstrual cycles. Women in the Not-Knowing Group were more likely to exhibit menstrual cycle irregularity (adjusted odds ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.10~2.41) compared to women in the Reading Group after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, exercise regularity, stress, depression, suicidal ideation, metabolic syndrome, age at menarche, parity, and use of oral contraceptives. Conclusion: No awareness of nutrition labeling appears to be associated with a higher prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularity in a nationally representative group of Korean women.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2013

Developing a modern Han-style design and providing support for the commercialization development model in recent years has been propelled by the Han-style Support Strategies of the central government in conjunction with Han-style revitalization related projects that reflect the efforts of local governments. Han-style revitalization, the rekindling and revaluing of human behavior and interest in local governments following the social and cultural changes of the past decades, has emerged as an increasingly traditional area of concern in Han-style design. The purpose of the study was to provide a method which clarifies the design rules of the Han-style bathroom based on an evaluation of sensibilities and a rough set theory, and to give the components meaning and to systematize the method. Essentially, the Han-style bathroom design evaluation is a complex multi-criteria decision making process that seeks to improve the effectiveness and objectively of the Han-style bathroom design. Han-style bathroom design can be displayed in a graphical representation in response to input from the evaluation concerning sensibilities. Because the graphical representation is composed of 3D data, it is possible to display the Han-style bathroom design form in any desired perspective and also to perform shading and other operations. With the proposed method, it is possible to obtain a combination of several contributory components which can be referred to as Reducts, Covering Index and Column Score. Han-Style/Non Han-Style Bathroom Designs were identified by the combination of several components.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Major objectives of the study were to analyze chemical and biological influences of the river ecosystem on the artificial weir construction at three regions of Sejong-Weir (S_j-W), Gongju-Weir (G_j-W), and Baekje-Weir (B_j-W) during 2008-2012. After the weir construction, the discharge volume increased up to 2.9 times, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) and electrical conductivity (EC) significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Also, the decrease of total phosphorus (TP) was also evident after the weir construction, but still hyper-eutrophic conditions, based on criteria by , were maintained. Multi-metric model of Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) showed that IBI values averaged 21.0 (range: 20-22; fair condition) in the B_wc, and 14.3 (range: 12-18; poor condition) in the A_wc. The model values of IBI in S_j-W and G_j-W were significantly decreased after the weir construction. The model of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) showed that two groups (cluster I and cluster II) of B_wc and A_wc were divided in the analysis based on the clustering map trained by the SOM. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was similar to the results of the SOM analysis. Taken together, this research suggests that the weir construction on the river modified the discharge volume and the physical habitat structures along with distinct changes of some chemical water quality. These physical and chemical factors influenced the ecosystem health, measured as a model value of IBI.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1487-1494
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• 2012

This study has been carried out to verify curative effect of lavender and lawn, a green space composition factor. Thus, the physiological index value of blood pressure, heart rate and salivary amylase were measured with object of 16 women in their 20~30s for stress relaxation effect at lavender garden and lawn square, and impression assessment upon SD method as for psychological value was performed in this study. And a survey was conducted on necessity and reason of urban green space with object of 345 men and women urban workers. As a result of variance analysis between groups and multi test of Turkey upon object place, the blood pressure was lowered the same at lavender garden and lawn square, and especially, high blood pressure was greatly lowered to 30 mmHG at lavender garden. On the other hand, low blood pressure group showed the tendency of a little increasing at the same places. And for the pulse, there was difference between high blood pressure group and normal group at the same places. To conclude, at lavender garden and lawn square the blood pressure was made to be lowered when it's high, and when it's low, the effect of returning to sound status, the function of increasing, was verified. In case of impression assessment upon SD method, the lawn square was assessed as resting place and lavender garden diversional place. And over 90% of urban workers responded to the green space's necessity and curative effect, diversion and resting place were adopted for the reason in high-ranking items. As above the green space pattern that urban workers require and curative effect of lavender garden and lawn square were verified. Therefore, the functional green space plan is required, which curative effect, diversion and resting place are considered, for the future green space plan design.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2001

이 연구에서는 극궤도 기상위성인 NOAA/AVHRR 시계열 자료를 이용하여 한반도의 지면 피복을 분류하였다. 일주기 기상위성자료로부터 구름이 없는 상태의 지면상태 자료를 획득하기 위하여 10일 간격 최대치 합성법 자료를 작성하였으며 27개의 10일주기 식생지수 자료들(겨울철 12, 1, 2월 자료 9개 제외)로부터 4개의 식생 계절성 자료를 작성하였다. 또한 위성자료로부터 분석한 연 최고 및 연평균 지면온도, 그리고 지형고도 자료를 이용하였다. 각 지면 피복에 대한 특성 자료 수집이 어렵기 때문에 여기서는 2단계 무감독 분류법을 이용하였다. 즉, 초기 입력자료는 신경망 기법의 일종인 SOFM을 이용하여 군집화한 다음 결정나무를 이용하여 각 군집을 분류하였다. 최종 분류 결과는 식생지수의 시계열과 지상 자료로 검증한 결과 대도시, 농지, 낙엽수림 및 상록수림 등 우리 나라의 지면 피복을 개략적으로 잘나타내고 있는 것으로 판단된다.