• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.993-1014
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• 2021

This paper proposes a new image retrieval method called the 3D integrated multi-index to fuse SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) visual words with other features at the indexing level. The advantage of the 3D integrated multi-index is that it can produce finer subdivisions in the search space. Compared with the inverted indices of medium-sized codebook, the proposed method increases time slightly in preprocessing and querying. Particularly, the SIFT, contour and colour features are fused into the integrated multi-index, and the joint cooperation of complementary features significantly reduces the impact of false positive matches, so that effective image retrieval can be achieved. Extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets show that the 3D integrated multi-index significantly improves the retrieval accuracy. While compared with other methods, it requires an acceptable memory usage and query time. Importantly, we show that the 3D integrated multi-index is well complementary to many prior techniques, which make our method compared favorably with the state-of-the-arts.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.194-202
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• 1999

A method for pattern recognition based on wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. The boundary of the object to be recognized includes shape information for object of machine parts. The contour is first represented using a one-dimensional signal and normalized about translation, rotation and scale, then is used to build the wavelet transform representation of the object. Wavelets allow us to decompose a function into multi-resolution hierarchy of localized frequency bands. The recognition of 2-dimensional object based on the wavelet is described to analyze the shape of analysis technique; the discrete wavelet transform(DWT). The feature vectors obtained using wavelet analysis is classified using a multi-layer neural network. The results show that, compared with the use of fourier descriptors, recognition using wavelet is more stable and efficient representation. And particularly the performance for objects corrupted with noise is better than that of other method.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2013

We present a multi-dimensional reduction method of the surveyed cube database obtained using a single- dish radio telescope in Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO). The multibeam receiver system installed at the 14 m telescope in TRAO was not optimized at the initial stage, though it became more stabilized in the following season. We conducted a Galactic Plane survey using the multibeam receiver system. We show that the noise level of the first part of the survey was higher than expected, and a special reduction process seemed to be definitely required. Along with a brief review of classical methods, a multi-dimensional method of reduction is introduced; It is found that the 'background' task within IRAF (Image Reduction and Analysis Facility) can be applied to all three directions of the cube database. Various statistics of reduction results is tested using several IRAF tasks. The rms value of raw survey data is 0.241 K, and after primitive baseline subtraction and elimination of bad channel sections, the rms value turned out to be 0.210 K. After the one-dimensional reduction using 'background' task, the rms value is estimated to be 0.176 K. The average rms of the final reduced image is 0.137 K. Thus, the image quality is found to be improved about 43% using the new reduction method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.152-155
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• 2005

A method of three-dimensional curved surface generation was studied for multi-point dieless forming (MPDF) in the shipbuilding industry. Three-dimensional coordinates of punch elements were obtained from objective surfaces using a proprietary CAD program. MPDF surfaces were generated by adjusting the height of punch elements in accordance with the coordinates. Some problems, such as collision of punch elements and contact between plates and punch bodies, were anticipated from the analysis of the results. A twisted surface was formed successfully by MPDF in a laboratory scale, which suggests possibility of application of the technology to the shipbuilding industry.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1997

This paper presents a two-dimensional horizontal implicit model to general circulation in estuaries and coastal seas. The model is developed in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates system, using the Interpolating Matrix Method (IMM), in combination with a technique of multi-domain. In the propose model, the Saint-Venant equations are solved by a splitting-up technique, in the successive steps; convection, diffusion and wave propagation. The ability of the proposed model to deal with full scale nature is illustrated by the interpretation of a dye-tracing experiment in the Gironde estuary.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.613-624
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• 2013

Multi-dimensional two-phase phenomena occur in many industrial applications, particularly in a nuclear reactor during steady operation or a transient period. Appropriate modeling of complicated behavior induced by a multi-dimensional flow is important for the reactor safety analysis results. SPACE, a safety analysis code for thermal hydraulic systems which is currently being developed, was designed to have the capacity of multi-dimensional two-phase thermo-dynamic phenomena induced in the various phases of a nuclear system. To validate the performance of SPACE, a two-dimensional two-phase flow test was performed with slab geometry of the test section having a scale of $1.43m{\times}1.43m{\times}0.11m$. The test section has three inlet and three outlet nozzles on the bottom and top gap walls, respectively, and two outlet nozzles installed directly on the surface of the slab. Various kinds of two-dimensional air/water flows were simulated by selecting combinations of the inlet and outlet nozzles. In this study, two-dimensional two-phase void fraction profiles were quantified by measuring the local gap impedance at 225 points. The flow conditions cover various flow regimes by controlling the flow rate at the inlet boundary. For each selected inlet and outlet nozzle combination, the water flow rate ranged from 2 to 20 kg/s, and the air flow rate ranged from 2.0 to 20 g/s, which corresponds to 0.4 to 4 m/s and 0.2 to 2.3 m/s of the superficial liquid and gas velocities based on the inlet port area, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2020

Vegetation segmentation in a field color image is a process of distinguishing vegetation objects of interests like crops and weeds from a background of soil and/or other residues. The performance of the process is crucial in automatic precision agriculture which includes weed control and crop status monitoring. To facilitate the segmentation, color indices have predominantly been used to transform the color image into its gray-scale image. A thresholding technique like the Otsu method is then applied to distinguish vegetation parts from the background. An obvious demerit of the thresholding based segmentation will be that classification of each pixel into vegetation or background is carried out solely by using the color feature of the pixel itself without taking into account color features of its neighboring pixels. This paper presents a new pixel-based segmentation method which employs a multi-layer perceptron neural network to classify the gray-scale image into vegetation and nonvegetation pixels. The input data of the neural network for each pixel are 2-dimensional gray-level values surrounding the pixel. To generate a gray-scale image from a raw RGB color image, a well-known color index called Excess Green minus Excess Red Index was used. Experimental results using 80 field images of 4 vegetation species demonstrate the superiority of the neural network to existing threshold-based segmentation methods in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and harmonic mean.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.26-27
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• 2006

Characteristics of spatial structure of particle clusters are investigated by using the flow field data obtained from three-dimensional numerical simulations. Eulerian/Lagrangian approach with two-way coupling is applied and individual particle-particle collisions are taken into account by using the hard-sphere model. More than 16 million particles are traced in the maximum case. The results show that the cluster is consisted from the multiple-spatial scale components while the low wave-number, hence the large-scale structure, is dominant. Three-dimensional structure reconstructed from the low-pass filtered data enables us to investigate the essential dynamics of particle clusters in detail.

• Multiscale and Multiphysics Mechanics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.15-33
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• 2016

In this paper, an asymptotic method is employed to formulate nano- or micro-beams based on strain gradient elasticity. Although a basic theory for the strain gradient elasticity has been well established in literature, a systematic approach is relatively rare because of its complexity and ambiguity of higher-order elasticity coefficients. In order to systematically identify the strain gradient effect, an asymptotic approach is adopted by introducing the small parameter which represents the beam geometric slenderness and/or the internal atomistic characteristic. The approach allows us to systematically split the two-dimensional strain gradient elasticity into the microscopic one-dimensional through-the-thickness analysis and the macroscopic one-dimensional beam analysis. The first-order beam problem turns out to be different from the classical elasticity in terms of the bending stiffness, which comes from the through-the-thickness strain gradient effect. This subsequently affects the second-order transverse shear stress in which the surface shear stress exists. It is demonstrated that a careful derivation of a first strain gradient elasticity embraces "Gurtin-Murdoch traction" as the surface effect of a one-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli-like beam model.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

In this study, the governing equations of motion for multi-cracked nonuniform nanobeam based on nonlocal elasticity theory and embedded in an elastic medium were derived. DTM(differential transformation method) was applied to vibration analysis of multi-cracked nonuniform nanobeam based on nonlocal elasticity theory and embedded in an elastic medium. The non-dimensional natural frequencies of this nanobeam were obtained for eoe, crack stiffness and elastic medium stiffness with various boundary conditions. The results obtained by this method was compared with previous works and showed the close agreement between two methods. The important conclusions obtained by this study are as follows : 1. As the length of nanobeam is shorter, the effect of scale coefficient is greater. 2. The locations of crack change non-dimensional natural frequency, In the case of fixed-fixed ends, the non-dimensional natural frequency is the biggest in the first crack location of 0.6L of nanobeam length, and the smallest in both ends. In the case of fixed-free ends, the closer the location of first crack go tho the free end, the bigger the non-dimensional natural frequency. 3. As the stiffness of crack is greater, the non-dimensional natural frequency is smaller, And the effect of crack stiffness is similar on both fixed-free ends and fixed-fixed ends. 4. The bigger the stiffness of elastic medium, the greater the non - dimensional natural frequency.