• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 2개의 송수신 안테나를 갖는 MIMO 통신 시스템을 위한 면적 효율적인 심볼 검출기의 구조를 제안한다. 제안된 심볼 검출기는 MIMO 전송 기법 중 공간 다이버시티 모드뿐 아니라 공간 다중화 모드를 모두 지원하며, ML 수준의 성능을 제공한다. 또한, 다단 (multi-stage) 파이프라인 구조와 극좌표 형태의 복소수 승산 방법을 사용하여 연산 블록의 공유와 연산기의 단순화를 진행하였고, 이를 통해 하드웨어 복잡도를 크게 감소시켰다. 제안된 하드웨어 구조는 하드웨어 설계 언어(HDL)를 이용하여 설계 되었고, Xilinx Virtex-5 XC5VLX220 FPGA에 기반하여 구현되었다. 그 결과 기존의 설계 구조와 비교시 35.3% 감소된 logic slices, 85.3% 감소된 DSP48s (dedicated multiplier)로 구현 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 앵커 프리 방법을 이용한 FCN(Fully Convolutional Network)기반의 1단계 다중 크기 얼굴 검출기를 제안한다. 최근 대부분의 연구들은 사전 정의된 앵커를 사용하여 얼굴이 있을 만한 위치를 예측한다. 그러나 사전 정의 앵커를 이용함으로써 학습 시 하이퍼 파라미터의 설정과 추가적인 계산이 필요하다. 제안하는 방법의 핵심 아이디어는 앵커 프리 방법을 사용하여 하이퍼 파라미터를 없애고 여러 개의 특징 맵을 사용함으로써 클래스 내 불균형 문제를 완화하는 것이다. 이 방법들은 다음과 같은 효과가 있다. 첫째로 사전정의 앵커를 없앰으로써 앵커와 관련된 하이퍼 파라미터와 추가적인 계산을 피한다. 둘째로 클래스 내 불균형을 완화하기 위해 여러개의 특징 맵으로부터 얼굴을 예측한다. 정량적 평가를 통해 제안하는 방법에 따른 검출 성능을 평가 및 분석한다. FDDB(Face Detection Dataset & Benchmark) 데이터 셋의 실험 결과에서 제안하는 방법이 효과가 있음을 증명했다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.524-533
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• 2017

This paper presents a novel reset scheme for mm-scale sensing systems with stringent volume and area constraints. In such systems, multi-layer structure is required to maximize the silicon area per volume and minimize the system size. The multi-layer structure requires wirebonding connections for power delivery and communication among layers, but the area overhead for wirebonding pads can be significant. The proposed reset scheme exploits already existing power wires and thus does not require additional wires for system-wide reset operation. To implement the proposed reset scheme, a power management unit is designed to impose reset condition, and a reset detector is designed to interpret the reset condition indicated by the power wires. The reset detector uses a coupling capacitor for the initial power-up and a feedback path to hold the developed supply voltage. The prototype reset detector is fabricated in a $180-{\mu}m$ CMOS process, and the measurement results with the prototype mm-scale system confirmed robust reset operation over a wide range of temperatures and voltages.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.326-335
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• 2017

In the uplink transmission of massive (or large-scale) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems, large dimensional signal detection and its hardware design are challenging issues owing to the high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose low-complexity hardware architectures of Richardson iterative method-based massive MIMO detectors. We present two types of massive MIMO detectors, directly mapped (type1) and reformulated (type2) Richardson iterative methods. In the proposed Richardson method (type2), the matrix-by-matrix multiplications are reformulated to matrix-vector multiplications, thus reducing the computational complexity from $O(U^2)$ to O(U). Both massive MIMO detectors are implemented using a 65 nm CMOS process and compared in terms of detection performance under different channel conditions (high-mobility and flat fading channels). The hardware implementation results confirm that the proposed type1 Richardson method-based detector demonstrates up to 50% power savings over the proposed type2 detector under a flat fading channel. The type2 detector indicates a 37% power savings compared to the type1 under a high-mobility channel.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.5574-5591
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• 2017

Inspired by the idea of Artificial Immune System, many researches of wireless sensor network (WSN) intrusion detection is based on the artificial intelligent system (AIS). However, a large number of generated detectors, black hole, overlap problem of NSA have impeded further used in WSN. In order to improve the anomaly detection performance for WSN, detector generation mechanism need to be improved. Therefore, in this paper, a Differential Evolution Constraint Multi-objective Optimization Problem based Negative Selection Algorithm (DE-CMOP based NSA) is proposed to optimize the distribution and effectiveness of the detector. By combining the constraint handling and multi-objective optimization technique, the algorithm is able to generate the detector set with maximized coverage of non-self space and minimized overlap among detectors. By employing differential evolution, the algorithm can reduce the black hole effectively. The experiment results show that our proposed scheme provides improved NSA algorithm in-terms, the detectors generated by the DE-CMOP based NSA more uniform with less overlap and minimum black hole, thus effectively improves the intrusion detection performance. At the same time, the new algorithm reduces the number of detectors which reduces the complexity of detection phase. Thus, this makes it suitable for intrusion detection in WSN.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.3218-3225
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 MMSE 다중사용자 검파기의 성능을 AWGN채널 및 페이딩채널 하에서 신호대 잡음비와 다중 사용자에 따른 지수면에서 상용 검파기와 비교 분석한다. MMSE 다중사용자 검파기는 상용검파기에 비해 다중접속간섭에 강한 면을 보였고, 하드웨어 복잡도와 계산량이 많은 것이 단점으로 나타난다. 또한 동일한 주파수와 시간을 점유하는 DS/CDMA 시스템은 확신부호의 비직교성으로 인한 다중접속간섭 때문에 통화품질과 사용자 수에 따른 간섭이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 적응형 MMSE 다중사용자 검파기를 제시하고, 시스템의 처리 이득에 대한 하드웨어 복잡도는 검파기 내의 탭수을 설정하여 간섭을 줄일 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 프로그램
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• pp.37-39
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• 1997

Pesticide residues were extracted with 70% acetone and transferred to dichloromethane. Extracts were applied to open-column chromatography with florisil and alumina-N, The final extract was analyzed by gas chromatography with electron-capture detector(GC/ECD) and nitrogen-phosphorus detector(GC/NPD). Recoveries of the 17 organochlorine pesticides were ranged from 60.8 to 84.9% and those of 15 organophosphorus pesticides, from 70.5 to 100.0%(except phosmet and azinphos-methyl). The minimum detectable levels of this analytical method were low (0.021-0.058 mg/kg).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2003

The \gamma-ray spectrometer of the PGAA (Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis) facility constructed at HANARO of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute was upgraded to the multi-mode spectrometer including the single mode, the Compton suppression mode and the pair mode. The performance of the spectrometer was tested and summarized. The background count rate and the uncertainty of the detection efficiency were reduced greatly in comparison with those before the new installation.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권3A호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2012

This paper studies the application of a fuzzy-ARTMAP (FAM) neural network to multi-user detector (MUD) for direct sequence (DS)-code division multiple access (CDMA) system. This method shows new solution for solving the problems, such as complexity and long training, which is found when implementing the previously developed neural-basis MUDs. The proposed FAM based MUD is fast and easy to train and includes capabilities not found in other neural network approaches; a small number of parameters, no requirements for the choice of initial weights, automatic increase of hidden units, no risk of getting trapped in local minima, and the capabilities of adding new data without retraining previously trained data. In simulation studies, binary signals were generated at random in a linear channel with Gaussian noise. The performance of FAM based MUD is compared with other neural net based MUDs in terms of the bit error rate.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 1997

유기인제 농약을 70% acetone으로 추출한 다음 dlchloromethane 층으로 옮겨 추출물을 florisil로 충진된 open-column에서 chromatography를 행하였다. 마지막 추출물을 nitrogen-phosphorus detector(GC/NPD)을 가진 GC로 분석하였다. Narrow-bore capillary GC(Ultra-2)에 대해 18 가지의 유기인제 농약의 회수율이 88.7%에서 100.0%에 달하였다. 본 분석 방법의 최소 검출 준위는 0.019 - 0.035 mg/kg 이었으며 sample throughput(추출, open-column chro-matography 및 GC 분석)도 상당히 개선되었다.(sample당 8시간)